بررسی تأثیر روایتهای اسطورهای بر تابآوریِ شهرها
محورهای موضوعی : تکتونواستراتیگرافی
1 - دانش آموخته دوره پسا دکتری زبان و ادبیات فارسی در زمینه اسطوره شناسی دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری
کلید واژه: روایت, اسطوره, تابآوری شهرها,
چکیده مقاله :
روایتهای اسطورهای برآیند تجارب بشر از رویارویی با چالشها و مسائلی هستند که بر زندگی او تأثیر گذاشته و یکی از این مسائل، تابآوری شهرهاست. شهرهایی که تمدّنهای کهن را در خود جایدادهاند، بیش از آن که برای تابآوری، متّکی بر سازوکارهای اقتصادی، مدیریّتی یا مهندسی باشند، متّکی بر بینشی اساطیری بودند. پژوهش پیش رو با روش توصیفیـتحلیلی میکوشد با بهرهگیری از نظریات اسطورهشناختی میرچا الیاده، کارل گوستاو یونگ و ژیلبر دوران، به تبیین پیوند روایتهای اسطورهای با بهسازی و بازسازی شهرها بپردازد. نتیجه و برآیند این پژوهش آن است که روایتهای اساطیری به سبب ریشهدار بودن تصاویر کهنالگوییشان در ضمیر ناخودآگاه جمعی، همدلی و همراهی افزونتری میان بیشینۀ مردم ایجاد میکنند؛ از سویی همسانی و همسوییهایی میان شهرسازی و روایتگری اسطورهها وجود دارد که توجّه به آن میتواند موجب تقویّت هویّت یک شهر و درونیسازی تمایل به بهسازی و بازسازی آن گردد. سه روشِ ممتاز کردن فضای قدسی شهر از فضای بیرونی که تمدّنهای کهن به یاری آن تابآوری شهرهای خود را افزایش میدادند، عبارت بود از: الف) ساخت حصار نمادین، ب) آیینها و ج) تطبیق جایگاههای نمادین اساطیری با شهر؛ هنوز هم میتوان از این رویکردها برای افزایش تابآوری شهرها بهره برد.
Mythological narratives are the outcome of man’s experiences in confrontation with challenges and problems that influenced his life and one such problem is urban resilience. The cities that embedded ancient civilizations owe their resilience mostly to the mythological insights rather than economic, managerial, or engineering mechanisms. The present research is an attempt to explain via descriptive analytic method the connection between mythological narratives with the reconstruction and improvement of the cities making use of mythological theories of Mircea Eliade, Carl Jung, and Gilbert Doran. The results obtained show that mythological narratives invoke more empathy and companionship among majority of people since their archetypal imageries are rooted in the collective unconscious. Considering the fact that there are correlations between urban planning and narration of myths could reinforce the identity of a city and internalize the desire to improve and reconstruct it. Three methods employed by the ancient civilizations to differentiate the sacred space in the city from the outside space and thereby augment the resilience of their cities were as follows: a) constructing a symbolic wall b) performing ceremonial rites c) concordance of symbolic mythological sites with the city all these measures are still effective for better resilience.
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