طراحی و آزمون الگویی از رابطه نیرومندی من و سازگاری زوجین با میانجی گری خود میان بینی و تمایز یافتگی من در میان زوجین شهر شیراز

محورهای موضوعی : تکتونواستراتیگرافی

اکرم ملکزاده ¹ (دکتری روانشناسی،استادیار دانشگاه ، گروه روانشناسی دانشگاه پیام نور ،ص.پ.19395-3697 تهران، ایران)
علیرضا آقایوسفی ² (دکتری روانشناسی ،دانشیار دانشگاه ، گروه روانشناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، ص.پ .3697-19395تهران، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1400/03/15 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/07/20 تاریخ انتشار : 1400/08/01

کلید واژه: نیرومندی من, خود میان بینی, خود تمایزگری, سازگاری زناشویی. زوجین,

چکیده مقاله :

مقدمه: با توجه به افزایش فروپاشی نظام خانواده، محققان بر شناسایی عوامل موثر بر سازگاری زوجین که منجر به دوام خانواده می شود تمرکز نموده اند. بر همین اساس  هدف از انجام پژوهش حاضر، طراحی و آزمون الگویی از رابطه نیرومندی خود و سازگاری زوجین با میانجی گری خود میان بینی و تمایز یافتگی خود در میان زوجین شهر شیراز بود. روش: جامعه آماری شامل زوجین شهر شیراز بودند که 250 نفر(125 زن، 125 مرد) از آنها با استفاده از روش نمونه گیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند و به پرسشنامه­های تمایز یافتگی خود(2011)، نیرومندی خود (1975)، خود میان بینی (2011) وسازگاری زناشویی (1989)  پاسخ دادند. داده های پژوهش حاضر به کمک نرم افزار  SPSSوAMOS با استفاده از روش معادلات ساختاری انجام شدند. یافته­ها: یافته­های پژوهش، نشان داد نیرومندی من هم به صورت مستقیم و هم به صورت غیر مستقیم  از طریق تمایز یافتگی خود و خود میان بینی بر سازگاری زناشویی موثر است.  و الگوی پیشنهادی از برازش مطلوبی برخوردار است . نتیجه­گیری: این مدل  به دلیل تمرکز بر عوامل فردی در سازگاری زناشویی می­تواند نقش مهمی در کاهش تعارضات زناشویی داشته باشد به نحوی که 40 درصد از سازگاری زناشویی  توسط متغیر­های مطرح شده در این مدل تبیین می­شود.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Introduction and aim: Due to the increasing collapse of the family system, researchers have focused on identifying the factors affecting the couple's adjustment that lead to family longevity. The aim of this study was to design and test a model of ego- strength relationship and marital compatibility through mediation of ego-centrism and self- differentiation among couples in Shiraz city.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive -analytical an study, statistical population included couples of Shiraz city, which 250 of them (125 females, 125 males) that were selected using available sampling method and completed ego- strength(1975) and ego-centrism( 2011)and self- differentiation (2011) and Marital compatibility(1989) questionnaires. The data of the present study were performed using SPSS and AMOS software using structural equation method.
Finding: The results showed ego-strength can affect positively marital adjustment both directly and indirectly through mediation of self-differentiation and ego-centrism.
Conclusion: This model can play an important role in reducing marital conflicts due to its focus on individual factors in marital adjustment, so that 40% of marital adjustment can be explained by the variables in this model.

منابع و مأخذ:

1.       Mbonile, M., & Kengeta, K. (2020). Factors Influencing Marriage instabilities in Kisarawe district, Coastal Region, Tanzania. Journal of the Geographical Association of Tanzania, 38(1). https://jgat.udsm.ac.tz/index.php/jgat/issue/view/16

2.       Clout, D., & Brown, R. (2016). Marital relationship and attachment predictors of postpartum stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 35(4), 322-341. [Doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2016.35.4.322]

3.       Rothenberg, W. A., Hussong, A. M., & Chassin, L. (2017). Modeling trajectories of adolescent‐perceived family conflict: Effects of marital dissatisfaction and parental alcoholism. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 27(1), 105-121.  [Doi.10.1111/jora.12259]

4.       4. Tegegne, A., Molla, A., Wonde, D., & Jibat, N. (2015). Marital Dissatisfaction, Coping Mechanisms, and the Likelihood of Divorce among Selected Districts of Jimmy Zone, South Western Ethiopia. Global Journal of Human-Socıal Scıence, 15(10), 22-30.  https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331326508

5.       5. Mohsenian, Mohammad Karamloo; Samira, Anjita Gamjoo (1386). The Relationship between Self-Differentiation and Emotional Intelligence in Divorce Applicants. Family Research Quarterly of Shahid Beheshti University, 3 (12). 22-37. https://www.sid.ir/fa/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=106597

6.       6. Dalton, E., and Dales, L. (2016). Online konkatsu and the gendered ideals of marriage in contemporary Japan. Japanese Studies 36(1): 1–19.  [Doi.org/10.1080/10371397.2016.1148556]

7.       7. Rayamo. J,M&Uchikshi(2021). Marriage intentions, desires, and pathways to later and less marriage in Japan. Journal of population scinences,44(3).67-98.  [Doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2021.44]

8.       8. Lundberg, S., Pollak, R.A., and Stearns, J. (2016). Family inequality: Diverging patterns in marriage, cohabitation, and childbearing. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 30(2): 79–102. [Doi:10.1257/jep.30.2.79]

9.       9. Sohrabi, R., Asadi, M., Habibollahzade, H., & PanaAli, A. (2013). Relationship between self-differentiation in bowen's family therapy and psychological health. Proceeded -Social and Behavioral Sciences, 84, 1773-1775. [Doi.10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.07.030]

10.   10.Yalcin, B.M. and Karahan, T.F., 2007. Effects of a couple communication program on marital adjustment. The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, 20(1), pp.36-44. [Doi.10.3122/jabfm.2007.01.060053]

11.   11. Bernstein, F. H., & Bernstein, M. B. (2003). Communication-Therapeutic Behavior from a Behavioral Perspective (Translated by Hamid Reza Sohrabi).

12.   12. Cattell, H. E. (1993). "The structure of phenotypic personality traits": Comment.  [Doi.10.1037/0003-066X.48.12.1302]

13.   13. Sovatsky, S. (2019). The path to enlightenment of sacred married home life: Grihasthya dharma as a guiding ideal for the transpersonal marriage therapist. International Journal of Transpersonal Studies, 38(1), advance publication. http://www.sutrajournal.com

14.   14. Loevinger, J. (1979). Construct validity of the sentence completion test of ego development. Applied Psychological Measurement, 3(3), 281-311. [Doi.10.1177/014662167900300301]

15.   15. Fukuda, S., Raymo, J.M., and Yoda, S. (2020). Revisiting the educational gradient in marriage in Japan. Journal of Marriage and Family, 82(4): 1378–1396.  [Doi.10.1111/jomf.12648]

16.   16. Syed, M., & Seiffge-Krenke, I. (2013). Personality development from adolescence to emerging adulthood: Linking trajectories of ego development to the family context and identity formation. Journal of personality and social psychology, 104(2), 371.  [Doi.10.1037/a0030070]

17.   17. Cornwell, L. M. (2018). Ego development or ego denial: Is there a Christian case for a healthy ego? (Doctoral dissertation, King's College London). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

18.   18. Volpe, K. (2003). Discovering Psychology, Then and Now. APS Observer, 16(8). https://www.psychologicalscience

19.   19. Elkind, D., dower, R. (1979). Imaginery audience behavior in children and adolescents. Development psychology, 15(1). 38-44.38-44. [Doi.10.1037/0012-1649.15.1.38]

20.   20. Greene, K., Rubin, D. L., Hale, J. L., & Walters, L. H. (1996). The utility of understanding adolescent egocentrism in designing health promotion messages. Health Communication, 8(2), 131-152. [Doi.10.1207/s15327027hc0802_2 ]

21.   21. Aghayoosefi, A., Zare, H., & Poorbaferani, S. (2013). Calculation primary reliability and validity personal fable and new imaginary audience scale to evaluate egocentrism among adults. Social Cognition, 2(3). http://sc.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_1496_c7e90d19c89e83f1be4bf472fa3b8078

22.   22. Loevinger, J., & Blasi, A. (1976). Ego Development: Conceptions and Theories. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 4. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-3815-7834-5_9]

23.   23. Lianos, M. (2017). L’INDIVIDU MODULAIRE I. De la socialité directe à la socialité institutionnelle/THE MODULAR INDIVIDUAL I. From direct sociality to institutional sociality. Cartografie sociali. Rivista di sociologia e scienze umane, (3).24. https://universitypress.unisob.na.it/ojs/index.php/cartografiesociali/article/view/421/93

24.   24 Worley, S. M., & Schwebel, A. I. (1985). The effect of cooperation on egocentrism in divorce mediation: A simulation study. Journal of Divorce, 8(3-4), 151-165.  [Doi.10.1300/J279v08n03_11]

25.   25. Lin, P. (2016). Risky behaviors: Integrating adolescent egocentrism with the theory of planned behavior. Review of General Psychology, 20(4), 392-398.  [Doi.10.1037/gpr0000086]

26.   26. Boger, K. (2019). Deconstructing Egocentrism through Critical Thinking in the Communication Classroom. Communication Center Journal, 5(1), 184-186.  [Doi.10.1384/j.tics.2019.03.106]

27.   27. Looft, W. R. (1972). Egocentrism and social interaction across the life span.  sychological Bulletin, 78(2), 73.  [Doi.10.1037/h0033012]

28.   28. Enright, R. D., Lapsley, D. K., & Shukla, D. G. (1979). Adolescent egocentrism in early and late adolescence. Adolescence, 14(56), 687.  [Doi.10.1896/S0272-7358(995478-4]

29.   29. Adams, G. R., & Jones, R. M. (1982). Adolescent egocentrism: Exploration into possible contributions of parent-child relations. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 11(1), 25-31. [Doi.10.1007/BF01537814]

30.   30. Simmons, R. G., & Rosenberg, F. (1975). Sex, sex roles, and self-image. Journal of youth and adolescence, 4(3), 229-258.  [Doi.10.1007/BF01537165]

31.   31. Jowkar, B., & Noorafshan, L. (2011). Gender different between Imaginary Audience and Personal Fable with Resilience among Male and Female. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 29, 422-425.  [Doi.10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.11.258]

32.   32. Rodríguez-González, M., Skowron, E. A., Cagigal de Gregorio, V., & Muñoz San Roque, I. (2016). Differentiation of self, mate selection, and marital adjustment: Validity of postulates of Bowen theory in a Spanish sample. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 44(1), 11-23.  [Doi.10.1080/01926187.2015.1099415]

33.   33. Khodayari Fard, M.; Abedini, Y. (2010). Theories and Principles of Family Therapy. Tehran: Tehran University Press,2.

34.   34. Skowron, E. A. (2000). The role of differentiation of self in marital adjustment. Journal of counseling Psychology, 47(2), 229. [Doi.10.1037/0022-0167.47.2.229]

35.   35. Hosseinizadeh, M. (2014). Examine the relationship between differentiation of self-component and social and behavioral sciences 113,84-90. [Doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.014]

36.   36. Murdock, N. L., & Gore, P. A. (2004). Stress, coping, and differentiation of self: A test of Bowen theory. Contemporary Family Therapy, 26(3), 319-335.  [Doi.10.1023/B:COFT.0000037918.53929.18]

37.   37. Elkind, D. (1967). Egocentrism in adolescence. Child development, 1025-1034. [Doi.10.2307/1127100]

38.   38. Kline, R. B. (2015). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guilford publications,8.

39.   39. Agha Yousefi, Alireza; Zare, Hossein Vapour Bagherani Somayeh (2013). Preliminary assessment of the validity and reliability of the Personal Mythology and New Imagination Scale: Scales for measuring self-esteem among adults. Journal of Social Cognition,2(2)52-68. https://doaj.org/article/8da9d9aa52224a2aa6f7754676b3e021

40.   40. Hooman, Haidar Ali (1384). Structural equation modeling using LISREL software. Tehran: Organization for the Study and Compilation of Humanities Books, Samat,3.

41.   41. Street, A Family Counseling.(2003). translated by Mostafa Tabrizi and Ali Levinia, Tehran: Faravan Publications,6.

42.   42. Najaflooi, Fatemeh.  (1385). The role of self-differentiation in marital relationships. New educational ideas. 2 (4), 27- 37. [D0i.10.22051/jontoe.2006.292]

43.   43. Bollen, K. A. (1990). Overall fit in covariance structure models: Two types of sample size effects. Psychological bulletin, 107(2), 256.  [Doi. /10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.256]

44.  44. Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R.(1993) . Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sage Focus Editions ,154. [Doi.10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.256]

45. 45. Wheaton, B., Muthen, B., Alwin, D. F., & Summers, G. F. (1977). Assessing reliability and stability in panel models. Sociological methodology, 8, 84-136.  [DOi.10.2307/270754 ]

46.   46. Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S., & Ullman, J. B. (2007). Using multivariate statistics . Boston, MA: Pearson,4.

47.   47. Kaveh Farsani, Z., Ahmadi, S. A., & Fatehizadeh, M. S. (2012). The effect of life skills training on marital satisfaction and adjustment of married women in rural areas of Farsan. Family Counseling and Psychotherapy, 2(3), 373-387

48.   48. yers, Lawrence S.; Gamest, Glenn; Garino, A.G. (2012).Applied multivariate research (Hassan Pasha Sharifi et al., Translator). Tehran: Roshd,2.

49.   49. Carpendale, J. I., & Racine, T. P. (2011). Inter subjectivity and egocentrism: Insights from the relational perspectives of Piaget, Mead, and Wittgenstein. New Ideas in Psychology, 29(3), 346-354. [Doi.10.1016/j.newideapsych.2010.03.005]

50.   50. Kruger, J., & Burrus, J. (2004). Egocentrism and focalism in unrealistic optimism (and pessimism). Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 40(3), 332-340.  [Doi.10.1016/j.jesp.2003.06.002]

51.   51. Kruger, J., Windschitl, P. D., Burrus, J., Fessel, F., & Chambers, J. R. (2008). The rational side of egocentrism in social comparisons. Journal of experimental social psychology, 44(2), 220-232.[Doi.10.1016/j.jesp.2007.04.001]