ساختار عاملی و ویژگی‌های روان‌سنجی نسخه فارسی پرسشنامهی انعطافپذیری شناختی دنیس، وندروال و جیلون
محورهای موضوعی : تکتونواستراتیگرافیمهدیه کهندانی 1 , خدیجه ابوالمعالی الحسینی 2
1 - کارشناس ارشد روان‌شناسی بالینی، دانشکده روان شناسی، واحد رودهن، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رودهن، ایران
2 - دانشیار، دانشکده روان شناسی، واحد رودهن، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رودهن، ایران
کلید واژه: پایایی, ساختار عاملی, انعطافپذیری شناختی,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف از این پژوهش بررسی روایی و پایایی مقیاس انعطافپذیری شناختی (Dennis, Vander Wal & Jillon, 2010) در بین کارکنان وظیفه در پدافند هوایی ارتش جمهوری اسلامی ایران در سال 1394 بود. چهارصد و نود شرکت کننده به روش تصادفی چند مرحلهای انتخاب شدند. نمرهی 245 نفر از شرکت کنندگان با تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی و نمرهی 245 نفر دیگر با تحلیل عاملی تأییدی بررسی شد. شرکت کنندگان دو پرسشنامهی انعطافپذیری شناختی و افسردگی بک را تکمیل کردند. یافتهها نشان داد که گویههای پرسشنامهی انعطافپذیری شناختی (19 گویه) تحت دو عامل قرار گرفتند. این دو عامل تحت عنوان پردازش حل مسئله (با 13 گویه) و ادراک کنترلپذیری نامگذاری (با 6 گویه) شدند. همسانی درونی نمرهی کل این پرسشنامه و دو عامل پردازش حل مسئله، و ادراک کنترلپذیری به ترتیب معادل 893/0 و 779/0 و 81/0 به دست آمد. نمرهی کل آزمون پرسشنامه انعطافپذیری شناختی و دو عامل آن، پردازش حل مسئله و ادراک کنترلپذیری، رابطهی معناداری با نمره کلی آزمون افسردگی بک داشت که به ترتیب معادل 665/-0 ، 577/0- ، 597/0- بود. همچنین، شاخصهای AGFI , CFI , RMSEAو مجذور کای نرم شده برازش دادههای گردآوری شده را با مدل را نشان دادند.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of cognitive flexibility questionnaire (Dennis and Vander Wal, & Jillon, 2010) among the staff on duty at the air defense of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Four hundred and ninety participants were selected randomly via the multi-stage method and completed the cognitive flexibility and Beck questionnaire. The scores of 245 participants were analyzed with exploratory factor analysis, and the scores of 245 participants were analyzed by a confirmatory factor analysis. The findings showed that the items of this questionnaire (19 items) assigned to the two factors. These two factors were named as the process of problem-solving (with 13 items) and perception of controllability (with 6 items). The internal consistency of total score of this questionnaire and its two factors, problem-solving process and perception of controllability, were obtained 0/893 and 0/779 and 0/81 respectively. The total score of cognitive flexibility and its components, problem-solving process and perception of controllability, had a significant relationship with the total score of Beck depression test which was equivalent to -0/6650, -0/5770, -0/597, respectively. Also, CFI, RMSEA, AGFI and normed Chi-square indexes showed the goodness of fit the model with collected data.
- Baer, Ruth A. ؛ Smith, Gregory T. ؛ Allen, Kristin B. (2004): Assessment of mindfulness by self-report: the Kentucky inventory of mindfulness skills.Assessment, 11 (3), 191–206. DOI: 10.1177/1073191104268029.
- Burton, Nicola W. ؛ Pakenham, Ken I. ؛ Brown, Wendy J. (2010): Feasibility and effectiveness of psychosocial resilience training: a pilot study of the READY program. Psychology, health & medicine, 15 (3), 266–277. DOI: 10.1080/13548501003758710.
- Canas, Jose ؛ Quesada, Jose F. ؛ Antoli, Adoracion ؛ Fajardo, Inmaculada (2003): Cognitive flexibility and adaptability to environmental changes in dynamic complex problem-solving tasks. Ergonomics, 46 (5), 482–501. DOI: 10.1080/0014013031000061640
- Carvalho, A. A& Moreira, A. (2005). Criss-crossing Cognitive Flexibility Theory based research in Portugal: an overview. Interactive Educational Multimedia, 11, 1-26. http://www.ub.es/multimedia/iem
- Chamberlain, Samuel R. ؛ Fineberg, Naomi A. ؛ Blackwell, Andrew D. ؛ Robbins, Trevor W. ؛ Sahakian, Barbara J. (2006): Motor inhibition and cognitive flexibility in obsessive-compulsive disorder and trichotillomania. The American journal of psychiatry, 163 (7), 1282–1284. DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.163.7.1282.
- Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.
- Deak, Gedeon O. ؛ Wiseheart, Melody (2015): Cognitive flexibility in young children: General or task-specific capacity? Journal of experimental child psychology, 138, 31–53. DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2015.04.003.
- Dennis, John P. ؛ Vander Wall, Jillon S. (2010): The Cognitive Flexibility Inventory. Instrument Development and Estimates of Reliability and Validity. Cogn Ther Res, 34 (3), 241–253. DOI: 10.1007/s10608-009-9276-4.
- Farhudian, A. (2003). Flexibility, adjustment and psychiatric symptoms. Advances in Cognitive Science, 7 (1): 74-75.
- Fata, L, Birashk, B, Atefvahid, M. K& Dabson, K. S. (2005). Meaning Assignment Structures/ Schema, Emotional States and Cognitive Processing of Emotional Information: Comparing Two Conceptual Frameworks (No. 3), 11, 312-326. Retrieved from http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-62-fa.html
- Field, A. (2009). Discovering Statistics using SPSS, London ؛ Sage.
- Frijters, Stan ؛ Dam, Geertten ؛ Rijlaarsdam, Gert (2008): Effects of dialogic learning on value-loaded critical thinking. Learning and Instruction, 18 (1), 66–82. DOI: 10.1016/j.learninstruc.2006.11.001.
- Forgas, J. P. (1998). Feeling and thinking: The role of affect in social cognition. New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Isen, A. M. (2002). Missing in Action in the AIM: Positive Affect's Facilitation of Cognitive Flexibility, Innovation, and Problem Solving. Psychological Inquiry, Vol. 13, No. 1 (2002), 57-65.
- Izaadi, A, Karimi, J& Rahmani, M. (2013). Psychometric Analysis of Persian Version of Body Image flexibility Questionnaire (BI-AAQ) among University students (No. 3), 19, 56-69. Retrieved from http://hayat.tums.ac.ir/article-1-628-fa.html
- Koesten, Joy ؛ Schrodt, Paul ؛ Ford, Debra J. (2009): Cognitive flexibility as a mediator of family communication environments and young adults' well-being. Health communication, 24 (1), 82–94. DOI: 10.1080/10410230802607024.
- Martin, M. M& Rubin, R. B. (1995). A new measure of cognitive flexibility. Psychological Reports, 76, 623–626.
- Martin, D. J. ؛ Oren, Z. ؛ Boone, K. (1991): Major depressive and dysthymic' performance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Journal of clinical psychology, 47 (5), 684–690.
- Meiran, Nachshon ؛ Diamond, Gary M. ؛ Toder, Doron ؛ Nemets, Boris (2011): Cognitive rigidity in unipolar depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder: examination of task switching, Stroop, working memory updating and post-conflict adaptation. Psychiatry research, 185 (1-2), 149–156. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2010.04.044.
- Meyers, L. S, Gamst, G& Guarino, A. J. (2013). Applied multivariate research: Design and interpretation /Lawrence S. Meyers, Glenn Gamst and A.J. Guarino (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, Calif, London: SAGE.
- Mills, Fergil ؛ Bartlett, Thomas E. ؛ Dissing-Olesen, Lasse ؛ Wisniewska, Marta B. ؛ Kuznicki, Jacek ؛ Macvicar, Brian A. et al. (2014): Cognitive flexibility and long-term depression (LTD) are impaired following beta-catenin stabilization in vivo. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 111 (23), pp. 8631–8636. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1404670111.
- Moore, Adam ؛ Malinowski, Peter (2009): Meditation, mindfulness and cognitive flexibility. Consciousness and cognition, 18 (1), 176–186. DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2008.12.008.
- Modarres Gharavi, M ؛ Atef Vahid, M. k ؛ Tabatabai, S. M& BirashK, B. (2004). Investigating stimulation of positive affective on the level of positive affection and cognitive functions: Neuropsychological theory of dopamine. Advances in Cognitive Science, 3 (4): 16-9.
- Motamedin, M, Badri, R, Ebadi, G.H. & Zamani, N. (2012). Standardization of Irrational Beliefs Test (4IBT-A) in Tabriz. Journal of Psychological methods and models 2 (8), 73-87.
- Murdock, Kyle W. ؛ Oddi, Kate B. ؛ Bridgett, David J.(2013). Cognitive correlates of personality: Links between executive functioning and the big five personality traits. Journal of Individual Differences, Vol 34(2):97-104.
- Murphy, F. C. ؛ Michael, A. ؛ Sahakian, B. J. (2012): Emotion modulates cognitive flexibility in patients with major depression. Psychological medicine, 42 (7), 1373–1382. DOI: 10.1017/S0033291711002418.
- Önen, Ayşem Seda ؛ Koçak, Canan (2015): The Effect of Cognitive Flexibility on Higher School Students’ Study Strategies. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 191, 2346–2350. DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.680.
- Sandoz, Emily K. ؛ Wilson, Kelly G. ؛ Merwin, Rhonda M. ؛ Kate Kellum, Karen (2013): Assessment of body image flexibility. The Body Image-Acceptance and Action Questionnaire. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 2 (1-2), 39–48. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2013.03.002.
- Shokohi Yekta, M ؛ Zamani, N (2012) The Effectiveness of Cognitive Interpersonal Problem-Solving on Reducing Challenging Behaviors of Slow-Learner Students: Single-Subject Study, Journal of Psychological methods and models, 8 (2), 55-71.
- Soltani, E, Shareh, H, Bahrainian, S. A& Farmani, A. (2013). The mediating role of cognitive flexibility in correlation of coping styles and resilience with depression. Journal of Medical Sciences of Shahid Beheshti University, 18 (2), 88-96. Retrieved from http://pajoohande.sbmu.ac.ir/article-1-1518-fa.html
- Spiro, R.J, Coulson, R.L, Feltovich, P.J& Anderson, D. (1988). Cognitive flexibility theory: Advanced knowledge acquisition in ill-structured domains. In V. Patel (ed.), Proceedings of the 10th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. [available at: http://www.ilt.columbia.edu/ilt/papers/Spiro.html]
- Spiro, R. J& Jehng, J. C. (1990). Cognitive flexibility, random access instruction, and hypertext: Theory and technology for the nonlinear and multidimensional traversal of complex subject matter. In D. Nix & R. J. Spiro (Eds.), Cognition, education, and multimedia, (pp. 163-205). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
- Sternheim, Lot ؛ van der Burgh, Maureen ؛ Berkhout, Lotte J. ؛ Dekker, Maria R. ؛ Ruiter, Channah (2014): Poor cognitive flexibility, and the experience thereof, in a subclinical sample of female students with obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Scandinavian journal of psychology, 55 (6), 573–577. DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12163.
- Taghavi, M. R. Tavoosi, A.R, Goudarzi, M. A. (2016) The Effect of Attentional Bias Modification Towards Food Cues on Attention of Obese Women. Journal of Psychological methods and models, 7 (25), 1-10.
- Tchanturia, Kate ؛ Davies, Helen ؛ Roberts, Marion ؛ Harrison, Amy ؛ Nakazato, Michiko ؛ Schmidt, Ulrike et al. (2012): Poor cognitive flexibility in eating disorders: examining the evidence using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task. PloS one 7 (1), e28331. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028331.
- Teasdale, J. D. ؛ Segal, Z. ؛ Williams, J. M. (1995): How does cognitive therapy prevent depressive relapse and why should attentional control (mindfulness) training help? In Behaviour research and therapy 33 (1), pp. 25–39.
_||_