بررسی آثار یک دوره تمرین ورزشی متعاقب تحریک اعصاب سمپاتیک بر برخی پاسخ-های قلبی عروقی و لرزش عضلات دست در ورزشکاران مرد و زن تیرانداز
محورهای موضوعی : تاثیر حرکت و تمرین در سلامتی
احمد محمدی مقدم
1
,
حسن شرف نیا چگنی
2
,
پروانه محمدی مقدم
3
1 - دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی خرم آباد
2 - دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی خرم آباد
3 - اداره آموزش و پرورش استان لرستان
کلید واژه: استرس فیزیولوژیک, دستگاه عصبی خودمختار, لرزش عضلانی,
چکیده مقاله :
مقدمه: این پژوهش به بررسی آثار هشت هفته تمرین تی¬آر¬ایکس بر برخی پاسخ¬های قلبی عروقی و عضلانی در ورزشکاران مرد و زن تیراندازی متعاقب تست فشار سرما، پرداخته است. مواد و روش¬ها: 40 آزمودنی سالم که دارای سابقه فعالیت حرفه¬ای در ورزش تیراندازی بودند در پژوهش حاضر شرکت کردند. نمونه¬ها به طور تصادفی به دو گروه کنترل (10 مرد و 10 زن) و دو گروه تمرین (10 مرد و 10 زن) تقسیم شدند. پاسخ¬های قلبی عروقی شامل، ضربان قلب، فشار خون و فشار نبض بود که در طی پروتکل CPT اندازه¬گیری شدند. همچنین پاسخ عضلانی با تست لرزش عضلانی سنجش گردید. نتایج: یافته¬ها نشان داد در هر دو گروه مرد و زن اختلاف معناداری در میانگین ضربان قلب پیش و پس از تمرین وجود دارد (002/0=p، 001/0=p). در بخش پاسخ عضلانی در هر دو گروه مرد و زن، اختلاف معناداری در میانگین ماکزیمم جابجایی و فرکانس متوسط پیش و پس از تمرین وجود داشت (001/0=p 030/0=p، 042/0=p 033/0=p). در زمینه تفاوت جنسیتی در پارامترهای قلبی عروقی نتایج نشان داد که اندازه اثر در حد ضعیف بوده و اختلاف بین مرد و زن معنادار نیست. همچنین در زمینه تفاوت جنسیتی در پارامترهای پاسخ عضلانی نیز نتایج نشان دهنده اندازه اثر ضعیف و در نتیجه عدم اختلاف معنادار بود. نتیجه¬گیری: تمرینات TRX موجب بهبود برخی پاسخ¬های قلبی عروقی و عضلانی به تست فشار سرما در زنان و مردان تیرانداز می¬شود. بر همین اساس، به نظر می¬رسد این نوع از تمرینات می¬تواند پاسخ¬های فیزیولوژیک به استرس محیطی را تعدیل کند.
Background: This study looked at the effects of Eight weeks of TRX training on some cardiovascular and muscular responses in male and female athletes shooting after CPT test. Materials and Methods: Forty healthy subjects with a history of professional activity in the sport of shooting were included in the present study. The samples randomly were divided into two control groups (10 males and 10 females) and two exercise groups (10 males and 10 females). Cardiovascular responses were heart rate, blood pressure and pulse pressure, which were measured during the CPT protocol. Also, muscle response was also assessed by muscle tremor (MT) test. Results: The results showed that there is a significant difference in the average heart rate before and after exercise in both male and female groups (p=0/002, p=0/001). In the muscle response section in both male and female groups, there were a significant difference in the average Maximum displacement and average frequency (p=0/001 p=0/030, p=0/042 p=0/033). In the field of gender differences in cardiovascular parameters, the results showed that the effect size was weak and the difference between men and women was not significant. Also, in the field of gender difference in muscle response parameters, the results showed a weak effect size and, as a result, no significant difference. Conclusion: TRX training improves some cardiovascular and muscular responses to cold stress test in male and female shooters. Based on this, it seems that this type of exercise can moderate physiological responses to environmental stress.
1. Streff A, Kuehl LK, Michaux G, Anton F. Differential physiological effects during tonic painful hand immersion tests using hot and ice water. European journal of pain. 2010;14(3):266-72.
2. Bachmann P, Zhang X, Larra MF, Rebeck D, Schönbein K, Koch KP, Schächinger H. Validation of an automated bilateral feet cold pressor test. International Journal of Psychophysiology. 2018; 124:62-70.
3. Vianna LC, Sales AR, da Nóbrega AC. Cerebrovascular responses to cold pressor test during static exercise in humans. Clinical physiology and functional imaging. 2012;32(1):59-64.
4. Mourot L, Bouhaddi M, Regnard J. Effects of the cold pressor test on cardiac autonomic control in normal subjects. Physiological research. 2009;58(1).
5. Wirch JL, Wolfe LA, Weissgerber TL, Davies GA. Cold pressor test protocol to evaluate cardiac autonomic function. Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism. 2006;31(3):235-43.
6. Goulopoulou S, Fernhall B, Kanaley JA. Hemodynamic responses and linear and non-linear dynamics of cardiovascular autonomic regulation following supramaximal exercise. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 2009; 105:525-31.
7. Hutchison MG, Mainwaring L, Senthinathan A, Churchill N, Thomas S, Richards D. Psychological and physiological markers of stress in concussed athletes across recovery milestones. Journal of head trauma rehabilitation. 2017;32(3):38-48.
8. Zhao Q, Gu D, Lu F, Mu J, Wang X, Ji X, Hu D, Ma J, Huang J, Li J, Chen J. Blood pressure reactivity to the cold pressor test predicts hypertension among Chinese adults: The GenSalt study. American journal of hypertension. 2015;28(11):1347-54.
9. Johnson BD, Sackett JR, Schlader ZJ, Leddy JJ. Attenuated cardiovascular responses to the cold pressor test in concussed collegiate athletes. Journal of athletic training. 2020;55(2):124-31.
10. Kueck P, Reed E, Chapman C, Johnson B. Cardiovascular Responses to the Cold Pressor Test Are Not Modified in Healthy Adults with a History of Concussion. InInternational Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings 2020;9(8):65.
11. Geleris P, Stavrati A, Boudoulas H. Effect of cold, isometric exercise, and combination of both on aortic pulse in healthy subjects. The American journal of cardiology. 2004;93(2):265-7.
12. Youssef M, Ghassemi A, Carvajal Gonczi CM, Kugathasan TA, Kilgour RD, Darlington PJ. Low baseline sympathetic tone correlates to a greater blood pressure change in the cold pressor test. Aerospace medicine and human performance. 2018;89(6):503-9.
13. LeBlanc J, Cote J, Dulac S, Dulong-Turcot F. Effects of age, sex, and physical fitness on responses to local cooling. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1978;44(5):813-7.
14. Srivastava RD, Kumar M, Shinghal R, Sahay AP. Influence of age and gender on cold pressor response in Indian population. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 2010;54(2):174-8.
15. Joyner MJ, Wallin BG, Charkoudian N. Sex differences and blood pressure regulation in humans. Experimental physiology. 2016;101(3):349-55.
16. Hogarth AJ, Mackintosh AF, Mary DA. Gender-related differences in the sympathetic vasoconstrictor drive of normal subjects. Clinical Science. 2007;112(6):353-61.
17. Goldschmied N, Raphaeli M, Moothart S, Furley P. Free throw shooting performance under pressure: a social psychology critical review of research. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 2022;20(5):1397-415.
18. Pouwels S, Van Genderen ME, Kreeftenberg HG, Ribeiro R, Parmar C, Topal B, Celik A, Ugale S. Utility of the cold pressor test to predict future cardiovascular events. Expert review of cardiovascular therapy. 2019;17(4):305-18.
19. Hess CW, Pullman SL. Tremor: clinical phenomenology and assessment techniques. Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements. 2012;2.
20. Lauk M, Timmer J, Lücking CH, Honerkamp J, Deuschl G. A software for recording and analysis of human tremor. Computer methods and programs in biomedicine. 1999;60(1):65-77.
21. Heltne T, Welles C, Riedl J, Anderson H, Howard A. Effects of TRX versus Traditional Training Programs on Core Endurance and Muscular Strength. 2013. http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1793/67181.
22. Janot J, Heltne T, Welles C, Riedl J, Anderson H, Howard A, Myhre SL. Effects of TRX versus traditional resistance training programs on measures of muscular performance in adults. Journal of Fitness Research. 2013;2(2):23-38.
23. Smith LE, Snow J, Fargo JS, Buchanan CA, Dalleck LC. The acute and chronic health benefits of TRX Suspension Training® in healthy adults. Int J Res Ex Phys. 2016;11(2):1-5.
24. Joyner MJ, Dominelli PB. Central cardiovascular system limits to aerobic capacity. Experimental physiology. 2021;106(12):2299-303.
25. Akbarpour Beni M, Maleki G, Samari Z. Comparison the effect of TRX and traditional resistance training on responses some indices of muscle damage of soccer player. Journal of Exercise & Organ Cross Talk. 2021;1(2):77-85.
26. Saadatian A, Sahebalzamani M, Amiri Khorasani MT, Karimi MT, Sadeghi M. Effect of Two Types of Exercises on the Strength Ratio of Shoulder Muscles in Overhead Athletes with Shoulder Impingement Syndrome. Journal of Paramedical Sciences & Rehabilitation. 2019;8(3):45-55. [In Persain].
27. Arazi H, Malakoutinia F, Izadi M. Effects of eight weeks of TRX versus traditional resistance training on physical fitness factors and extremities perimeter of non-athlete underweight females. Physical Activity Review. 2018; 6:73-80.
28. Ramezani A, Hosseini M. Study of Shooting Accuracy and Fatigue of Leg Muscles After Eight Weeks of Resistance Training in Shooters Men With a Inflatable Pistol. Journal of Sport Biomechanics. 2019;4(4):66-77. [In Persain].
29. Walsh M, Peper A, Bierbaum S, Karamanidis K, Arampatzis A. Effects of submaximal fatiguing contractions on the components of dynamic stability control after forward falls. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology. 2011;21(2):270-5.
30. Reed EL, O'Leary MC, Sackett JR, Schlader ZJ, Leddy JJ, Johnson BD. Cardiovascular responses to the cold pressor test are correlated with resting cerebral blood flow in healthy controls and concussed athletes. The FASEB Journal. 2019;33(S1):838-21.