نقش و کارایی دولت جمهوری اسلامی ایران در تحقق عدالت اقتصادی در سه دهه اخیر (با استفاده از رهیافت TVP)
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت بازرگانی
متفکرآزاد محمدعلی
1
(استاد، گروه اقتصاد، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران)
سیدکمال صادقی
2
(دانشیار، گروه اقتصاد، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز،ایران)
سید عباس موسویان
3
(دانشیار، گروه پژوهشگاه فرهنگ واندیشه اسلامی)
احمد اسدزاده
4
(دانشیار، گروه اقتصاد، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران)
حبیب آقاجانی
5
(استادیار، گروه اقتصاد، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران)
کلید واژه: دولت, اقتصاد ایران, H11, عدالت اقتصادی, H53, P41, رهیافت TVP, کالمن- فیلتر طبقه بندیJEL :C22,
چکیده مقاله :
یکی از مباحث مهم و اساسی در هر مکتب و نظام اجتماعی، تبیین نقش و جایگاه دولت در اقتصاد و تحقق عدالت اقتصادی است و این مهم در مکتب اقتصادی اسلام نیز از دیر زمان مورد اهتمام دانشمندان اسلامی بوده است. هدف اصلی مقاله حاضر بررسی نقش ولت در تحقق معیارهای عدالت اقتصادی در ایران می باشد و برای این منظور با بهره گیری از متون دینی به ویژه قرآن و سنّت و نظریّات دانشمندان اسلامی، نخست به صورت آمار توصیفی به وضعیت معیارهای مختلف عدالت اقتصادی پرداخته شده سپس نقش دولت در تحقق عدالت اقتصادی با استفاده رهیافت پارامتر متغیر در طول زمان (TVP) و روش کالمن فیلتر در طی دوره زمانی 1395-1355 مدلسازی و برآورد شده است. نتایج حاصل از مدل نشان می دهد که مخارج جاری دولت در طی دوره مورد بررسی اثرگذاری یکسانی بر معیارهای عدالت اقتصادی نداشته ولیکن مخارج عمرانی دولت همواره باعث بهبود عدالت اقتصادی گردیده است. میزان تورم به عنوان یکی از متغیرهای اثرگذار بر شاخص های عدالت اقتصادی بوده و همواره باعث بدتر شدن شاخص های عدالت اقتصادی شده است. همچنین یافته ها نشان می دهد رشد اقتصادی ایران در بهبود معیارهای عدالت اقتصادی ناموفق عمل کرده است و اثرگذاری معنی داری برعدالت اقتصادی نشان نمی دهد.
A major concern in any social system including the Islamic Economic System has always been explication of the role of the government in economy and achieving economic justice. The aim of the present study, thus, was to explore the role of the government in fulfilling the criteria for economic justice in Iran. To achieve the goal, we first estimated the descriptive statistics of various references to economic justice based on religious texts specifically the holy Koran, Sunna, and views of Islamic Experts. Further, the role of the government was investigated via the TVP approach and the Kalman Filter method in administration of justice over a 40-year period commencing from 1355. The findings revealed that the state development expenditure has constantly enhanced economic justice while current spending failed to promote economic justice criteria. Also, inflation has always been one of the impressive factors influencing and deteriorating economic justice parameters. In addition, economic growth has failed to promote economic justice criteria.
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The Holy Quran, (In Persian).
Amadi, A.V.(1995). Ghorar Alhakan and Dorar Alkalam. Tehran: Tehran Univercity, (In Persian).
Central bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran. (2018). Economic Time Series Database. Available on: https://www.cbi.ir/, (In Persian).
Eyvazlou, H.(2008). Economic Justice Indicators: Providing Indicators for Performance Evaluation and Analysis of the Orientation of Development Policies for the Realization of Social Justice. Tehran: Expediency Council, Secretariat of the Macroeconomic Commission, Commerce and Administration, Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs, (In Persian).
Harvey, A.C.(1987). Application of Kalman Filter in Econometric in Advances in Econometrics: Fifth World Congress. Cambridge University Press.
Human Development Report. (2013). Iran (Islamic Republic of) HDI Values.
Jahanian, N.(2008). Foundations of Fair Economic Development in Islam. Islamic Economy, 25, 157-178, (In Persian).
Jahanian, N.(2010). Just progress and Islamic State duties. Islamic Economy, 35, 33-62, (In Persian).
Jahanian, N.(2002). The Role of Dovernment in Development from the Perspective of Imam Khomeini. Islamic Economy, 3, 55-74, (In Persian).
Jahanian, N.(2010). Islam and Justice-Centered Growth. Tehran: Research Center for Islamic Culture and Thought Publication, (In Persian).
Jahanian, N.(2004). Development Objectives of the System. Tehran: Research Center for Islamic Culture and Thought Publication, (In Persian).
Jamshidi, M.H.(1999). Political Thought of Shahid Rabeh: Imam Seyed Mohammad Bagher Sadr. Tehran: Bureau of Political and International Studies, (In Persian).
Motahari, M.(1992). Twenty Speeches. Ghom: Sadra Publication,(In Persian).
Motahari, M.(1996). A View of the Economic System of Islam. Ghom: Sadra Publication, (In Persian).
Motahari, M.(1991). Monotheistic worldview. Ghom: Sadra Publication,(In Persian).
Nahj al-Balagh, (In Persian).
Nili, M., Ghani NeZhad, M., & Farjadi, Gh. A.(2008). Economics and Social Justice. Tehran: Ney Publication, (In Persian).
Sadr, M.B.(1982). Economists. Ghom: The Publication of the Teachers of the Seminary, (In Persian).
Sadr, M.B.(2000). Preliminary Overview of the Draft Constitution of the Islamic Republic. Beirut: Dar al-Tarif for Publication, (In Persian).
Sahife Light. Imam Khomeini lectures, 3, (In Persian).
Sahife Light. Imam Khomeini lectures, 7, (In Persian).
Sahife Light. Imam Khomeini lectures, 11, (In Persian).
Song, H., & Witt, S.F.(2000). Tourism Demand Modeling and Forecasting, Modern Econometrics Approaches. Oxford: Pergamon.
Song, H., & Witt, S.F.(2003). Tourism Forecasting: The General to Specific Approach. Journal of Travel Research, 42, 65-74.
Song, H., & Wong, K.F.(2003). Tourism Demand Modeling: A Time Varying Parameter Approach.Journal of Travel Research, 42,57-64.
Statistical Center of Iran. (2018). Available on: https://www.amar.org.ir/, (In Persian).