تأثیر فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات بر شاخص‌های بهبود فضای کسب و کار کشورها (مکانیزمی جهت ارتقای بهره‌وری)
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت بازرگانی
کاظم امجدی
1
(
مربی، گروه اقتصاد، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران
)
احسان شافعی
2
(
استادیار، گروه اقتصاد، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران
)
کلید واژه: : فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات, شروع کسب و کار, ثبت و انتقال مالکیت, اشتراک برق, سهولت اخذ اعتبار, پرداخت مالیات,
چکیده مقاله :
حجم پایین سرمایه گذاری داخلی و خارجی، نرخ‌های تورم و بیکاری دو رقمی، واردات گسترده، سهم اندک درآمدهای مالیاتی از کل تولید ناخالص داخلی و جز اینها، همگی نشان دهندۀ نامناسب بودن محیط کسب و کار در کشور است و نیاز است تا با شناسایی عوامل موثر بر آن نسبت به بهبود فضای کسب و کار در کشور اقدام شود. بر همین اساس نیز هدف اصلی این تحقیق تحلیل تأثیر فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات بر شاخص های بهبود فضای کسب و کار کشورها می باشد. در راستای هدف اصلی مقاله ده فرضیه اصلی تدوین شده است. این تحقیق براساس هدف، از نوع تحقیقات کاربردی و توسعه ای و براساس ماهیّت انجام کار از نوع توصیفی می باشد. جامعه آماری این تحقیق شامل کلیه کشورهایی می باشد که داده های مربوط به فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات و شاخص های فضای کسب و کار آنها به طور مشترک در پایگاه اطلاعاتی بانک جهانی موجود می باشد. به منظور تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها در این تحقیق از آزمون های آماری کلموگروف- اسمیرنوف و آزمون رگرسیون تک و چند متغیره استفاده شده است. نتایج بررسی ها نشان می دهد که فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات بر شاخص های شروع کسب و کار، ثبت و انتقال مالکیت، اشتراک برق، سهولت اخذ اعتبار و پرداخت مالیات تأثیر مثبتی دارد. همچنین تأثیر فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات بر شاخص های اخذ مجوز ساخت، حمایت از سهامداران جزء، تجارت برون مرزی، الزام آور بودن قراردادها و شاخص ورشکستگی تأیید نشده است.
Low foreign and domestic investment, double digit inflation andunemployment rates, massive imports, small share of total tax revenuesto GDP. Are all indicants of inappropriate business circumstances in thecountry? There is a need to distinguish the effective factors to improvethese circumstances. In regard to the main aim of the study, tenhypotheses have been proposed. The research method was an applieddescriptive survey. The population of the study consisted of all thecountries which their data related to ICT and business circumstancesindicators are in common with the World Bank data base. The results ofthe study showed that ICT had a positive effect on starting a business,registering and transferring properties, subscription electricity, gettingcredit and paying tax easily. The effect of ICT on construction licensee,backing the small share holders, extraterritorial business, binding bondsand bankruptcy have not been verified
Badescu, M., & Garces-Ayerbe, C.(2009), The impact of information technologies on firm productivity: Empirical evidence from Spain. Technovation, 29, 122-129.
Borges, M., Hoppen, N., & Luce, F. B.(2009),Information technology impact on market orientation in e-Business. Journal of Business Research, 62, 883-890.
Chamber of Commerce, Industries and Mines. (2008), the project will study and provide an action plan to improve its business environment in Iran: A Case Study of the Social Security Organization, (In Persian)
Colecchia, A., & Schreyer, P. (2002), The contribution of information and communication technology to economic growth in 9 OECD countries. OECD Economic Studies, 34.
Dedrick J., Gurbaxani, V., & Kenneth, L. K.(2003), Information Technology and Economic Performance: A Critical Review of the Empirical Evidence; Center for Research on Information Technology and Organizations, University of California, Irvine.
Democracy, A.(2010), The Impact of Tax on Business Environment. Economic Journal monthly economic review and policy issues, 9 & 10, (In Persian)
Department of Planning and Economic Affairs (Office of Statistics and Information). (1388), the study measures economic freedom, corruption and businesses Iran and Selected Countries, 31-32.
Dollar, D., Hallward Driemeier, M., & Taye, M.(2003), Investment Climate and Firm Performance in Developing Economies. World Bank: Development Research Group.
Haji Karim, B. L, Jmalyh Bastami, B., & Mky Zadh, V.(2009), reviews the impact of information and communication technology industries in international markets (Case Study in Tehran exporting companies). business management vision, 34, 22-9. (In Persian)
Iravanian, M. J.(2009), World Competitiveness Index and the business atmosphere of the place and its Baysth Hay, (In Persian)
Jafari Eskandari, M., Ali Ahmadi, Gh. H., & Smith, M.(1389), assessing business environment and industry in support of the private sector balanced scorecard approach. Industrial Engineering and Production Management, 2, 52-37.
Knack, S., & Keefer, P.(1995), Institutions and Economic Performance: Cross- Country Tests Using Alternative Measures. Economics and Politics, 7, 207-227.
Koellinger, P.(2006), Impact of ICT on Corporate Performance, Productivity and Employment Dynamics, European Commission, 3-22.
Lai, J., & Chen, W.(2009), Measuring e-Business dependability: The employee perspective. The Journal of Systems and Software, 82, 1046–1055.
Li, G., & Yang, H., Sun, L., & Sohal, A. S.(2008), The impact of IT implementation on supply chain integration and performance. International Journal of Production Economics, forthcoming.
Moradhaseli, N., Ornate, A. H., & Paryab, Sh.(2007), the impact of ICT on business environment and facilitate trade. economic and modern business, 14, 63-39, (In Persian)
Mouelhi, R.(2009), Impact of the adoption of information and communication technologies on firm efficiency in the Tunisian manufacturing sector. Journal of Economic Modelling, forthcoming.
Mutula, S. M. & van Brakel, P.(2006), An evaluation of e-readiness assessment tools with respect to information access: Towards an integrated information rich tool. International Journal of Information Management, 3, 212–223.
Mydry, A., & Qvdjany, A.(2007), measure and improve the business environment, the dissemination of Tehran University Jihad, (In Persian)
Andreica, A.(2004), Evaluating ICT implementations within the Romanian business environment. Journal of Transition Studies Review, 3, 236-243.
OECD. (2008), Supporting Business Environment Reform, Practical Guidance for Development Agencies.
Pahjola, M.(2002), New Economy in Growth and Development, United Nation University, Wider. Discussion Paper, 2002/67.
Porter, M. E.(2009), Competitiveness and the State of Entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia, 12-14.
Rao, P. M. (2001). The ICT revolution, internationalization of technological activity, and the emerging economies: Implications for global marketing. Journal of International Business Review, 5, 571-596.
Ronald, C. & Porter, M.(2000), Microeconomic Competitiveness: Finding from Executive Survey. World Economic Forum.
Scaramuzzi, E.(2002), E-government Lesson and Approaches. Available at: www.newecentury.com/info/lesson
Stern, N.(2010), A Strategy for Development. Washington, D.C., World Bank.
United Nations Industrial Development Organization or Unido. (2008), Creating an enabling environment for private sector development in sub-Saharan Africa.
Valentinea, G., & Holloway, L. S.(2001), A window on the wider world? Rural children’s use of information and communication technologies. Journal of Rural Studies, 17, 383-394.
Wakelin,O., & Shadrach, B.(2001), Impact assessment of appropriate and innovative technologies in enterprise development. Retrieved from http://www.enterpriseimpact. www.org.uk/pdf/ICTs.pdf.
World Bank. (2003), Improving the Investment Climate in Bangladesh, -Washington D.C.
World Bank. (2005), World Development Report 2005: A Better Investment Climate For Everyone.
World bank. (2008), About Doing Business 2009, www.worldbank.org
World bank. (2009), Doing Business 2009, www.worldbank.org.
Worthington, I. & Britton, C. (2006), The Business Environment, Prentice Hall.
_||_Badescu, M., & Garces-Ayerbe, C.(2009), The impact of information technologies on firm productivity: Empirical evidence from Spain. Technovation, 29, 122-129.
Borges, M., Hoppen, N., & Luce, F. B.(2009),Information technology impact on market orientation in e-Business. Journal of Business Research, 62, 883-890.
Chamber of Commerce, Industries and Mines. (2008), the project will study and provide an action plan to improve its business environment in Iran: A Case Study of the Social Security Organization, (In Persian)
Colecchia, A., & Schreyer, P. (2002), The contribution of information and communication technology to economic growth in 9 OECD countries. OECD Economic Studies, 34.
Dedrick J., Gurbaxani, V., & Kenneth, L. K.(2003), Information Technology and Economic Performance: A Critical Review of the Empirical Evidence; Center for Research on Information Technology and Organizations, University of California, Irvine.
Democracy, A.(2010), The Impact of Tax on Business Environment. Economic Journal monthly economic review and policy issues, 9 & 10, (In Persian)
Department of Planning and Economic Affairs (Office of Statistics and Information). (1388), the study measures economic freedom, corruption and businesses Iran and Selected Countries, 31-32.
Dollar, D., Hallward Driemeier, M., & Taye, M.(2003), Investment Climate and Firm Performance in Developing Economies. World Bank: Development Research Group.
Haji Karim, B. L, Jmalyh Bastami, B., & Mky Zadh, V.(2009), reviews the impact of information and communication technology industries in international markets (Case Study in Tehran exporting companies). business management vision, 34, 22-9. (In Persian)
Iravanian, M. J.(2009), World Competitiveness Index and the business atmosphere of the place and its Baysth Hay, (In Persian)
Jafari Eskandari, M., Ali Ahmadi, Gh. H., & Smith, M.(1389), assessing business environment and industry in support of the private sector balanced scorecard approach. Industrial Engineering and Production Management, 2, 52-37.
Knack, S., & Keefer, P.(1995), Institutions and Economic Performance: Cross- Country Tests Using Alternative Measures. Economics and Politics, 7, 207-227.
Koellinger, P.(2006), Impact of ICT on Corporate Performance, Productivity and Employment Dynamics, European Commission, 3-22.
Lai, J., & Chen, W.(2009), Measuring e-Business dependability: The employee perspective. The Journal of Systems and Software, 82, 1046–1055.
Li, G., & Yang, H., Sun, L., & Sohal, A. S.(2008), The impact of IT implementation on supply chain integration and performance. International Journal of Production Economics, forthcoming.
Moradhaseli, N., Ornate, A. H., & Paryab, Sh.(2007), the impact of ICT on business environment and facilitate trade. economic and modern business, 14, 63-39, (In Persian)
Mouelhi, R.(2009), Impact of the adoption of information and communication technologies on firm efficiency in the Tunisian manufacturing sector. Journal of Economic Modelling, forthcoming.
Mutula, S. M. & van Brakel, P.(2006), An evaluation of e-readiness assessment tools with respect to information access: Towards an integrated information rich tool. International Journal of Information Management, 3, 212–223.
Mydry, A., & Qvdjany, A.(2007), measure and improve the business environment, the dissemination of Tehran University Jihad, (In Persian)
Andreica, A.(2004), Evaluating ICT implementations within the Romanian business environment. Journal of Transition Studies Review, 3, 236-243.
OECD. (2008), Supporting Business Environment Reform, Practical Guidance for Development Agencies.
Pahjola, M.(2002), New Economy in Growth and Development, United Nation University, Wider. Discussion Paper, 2002/67.
Porter, M. E.(2009), Competitiveness and the State of Entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia, 12-14.
Rao, P. M. (2001). The ICT revolution, internationalization of technological activity, and the emerging economies: Implications for global marketing. Journal of International Business Review, 5, 571-596.
Ronald, C. & Porter, M.(2000), Microeconomic Competitiveness: Finding from Executive Survey. World Economic Forum.
Scaramuzzi, E.(2002), E-government Lesson and Approaches. Available at: www.newecentury.com/info/lesson
Stern, N.(2010), A Strategy for Development. Washington, D.C., World Bank.
United Nations Industrial Development Organization or Unido. (2008), Creating an enabling environment for private sector development in sub-Saharan Africa.
Valentinea, G., & Holloway, L. S.(2001), A window on the wider world? Rural children’s use of information and communication technologies. Journal of Rural Studies, 17, 383-394.
Wakelin,O., & Shadrach, B.(2001), Impact assessment of appropriate and innovative technologies in enterprise development. Retrieved from http://www.enterpriseimpact. www.org.uk/pdf/ICTs.pdf.
World Bank. (2003), Improving the Investment Climate in Bangladesh, -Washington D.C.
World Bank. (2005), World Development Report 2005: A Better Investment Climate For Everyone.
World bank. (2008), About Doing Business 2009, www.worldbank.org
World bank. (2009), Doing Business 2009, www.worldbank.org.
Worthington, I. & Britton, C. (2006), The Business Environment, Prentice Hall.