مدیریت استرس مدیران و کارکنان سازمان
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت بازرگانی
ناصر فقهی فرهمند
1
(عضو هیئت علمی (دانشیار) گروه مدیریت، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران)
کلید واژه: استرس, استرس شغلی, مدیریت استرس, تنیدگی روحی,
چکیده مقاله :
اشتغال برای ادامه زندگی و بقای جامعه ضرورتی اجتناب‌ناپذیر است و زندگی هر فرد از طریق کارکردن تأمین می‌شود و خودکفایی هر کشور به میزان و نوع عملکرد شاغلین آن بستگی دارد. تحقیقات متعدد مؤید این واقعیت است که اولاً با افزایش بیکاری، فساد شدت می‌یابد و ثانیاً اشتغال مناسب و رضایت شغلی موجب نشاط و شادابی انسان می‌گردد. کار از یک سو می‌تواند شماری از نیازهای اساسی انسان هم‌چون پرورش روح و جسم، برقراری ارتباط اجتماعی، ایجاد حس ارزشمندی، اعتماد به نفس و شایستگی را ارضاء نماید اما از سوی دیگر ممکن است منبع اصلی بروز استرس نیز باشد. استرس در مدیریت رفتار سازمانی از اهمیت و جایگاه ویژه‌ای برخوردار است و از آن‌جایی که شرایط کار دائماًً درحال تغییر است، این بحث همواره با درجات مشخصی در رابطه با مسائل مرتبط با کار در سازمان‌ها وجود دارد و در چند دهه اخیر آهنگ حرکت زندگی شتاب بیشتری گرفته و تحولات در دنیای کار به صورت جدی‌تری خود نمایی نموده است. اگر چه عده‌ای از صاحبنظران، استرس را الزاماً مخرب نمی‌دانند اما اکثر پژوهشگران معتقدند که آن برهم زننده بهداشت روانی است و در شرایط فعلی سازمان‌ها، یکی از مشکلات مدیران می‌باشد که تا حدود زیادی بازدهی و بهروری را کاهش داده وسبب مشکلات رفتاری و تعارض شده که در این پژوهش به منظور بررسی زمینه‌های سازمانی پدید آورنده استرس و ارائه راهکارهای کاهش آن، پس از جمع‌آوری داده‌های مورد نیاز نتیجه‌گیری شد که از نظر مدیران و کارکنان شاغل در سازمان‌ها، قوانین و دستورالعمل‌ها، ساختارسازمانی و شرایط شغلی نامناسب بر بروز فشارعصبی تأثیر مثبت دارند.
With regard to the importance effect of stress on organizational behavior and under changing conditions of work, this issue has relation with problems of work in all organizations. In recent decades, the pace of life has become faster, and therefore, the changes in the world of word have become more serious. Although some authorities believe that stress is not necessarily destructive, most researchers believe that it disturbs the mental health. Thich is one of the managers’ problems in the present situation of the organizations which has decreased the efficiency and productivity of the organizations to a relatively great extent and has caused behavioral problems and conflicts . The purpose of this research is to study the organizational factors causing stress and to present guidelines to reduce it. After collection the data, it was concluded that according to the managers and staff’s views, rules and regulations, organizational structure, and unsuitable working conditions have positive effects on stress.
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Fakhimi, F. (2004). Organizational Behavior Managemen. Hastan Publishing, (In Persian).
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Kurman E. (2005). Industrial and Organizational Psychology. Translated by: H., Shokrunk, Roshd Publishing, (In Persian).
Mashbeki, A. (1997). Job Stress and Spiritual Stress. Quarterly Journal of Governmental Administration, 38, (In Persian).
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Ramzgoyan, G. A. (1997). Ways to Cope with Anxiety and Psychological Pressure in the Organization. Yeganeh Magazine, (In Persian).
Rashidi, M. M. (1999). Stress in the Workplace. Modiriyyat Journal, 36 & 37, (In Persian).
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Rezaeian, A. (2006). Management and Organizational Behavior, (In Persian).
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Sakaran, U. (2002). Research Methods in Management. Translated by: M., Saabi & M., Shirazi, Tehran: Government Education Management Center, (In Persian).
Sime, W. (2007), Stress management, Teheory for the Teaching of Stress, Management.
Taheri Lari, M. (1998). Management of Organizational Change. Derakhshesh Publication, (In Persian).
Walter, H. (1996). Stress in the Way of Success for School Managers. Translated by: M., Firouzbakht & Kh., Beigi, Abjad Publishing, (In Persian).
Zarei, H. (2003). Personnel Safety and Health System and Human Resources Management, (In Persian).
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Abbas Zadegan, M. (1999). Managing Restless Organizations. Tadbir Magazine, 96, (In Persian).
Alavi, A. (1992). Psychology of Management and Organization. Center Publications Public Administration, (In Persian).
Alwani, M. (1997). General Directorate. Tehran: Ney Puplication, (In Persian).
Armstrong, Michael (1993), How to be an even better manager, 3rd ed., London.
Azad, H. (1995). Stress and Psychosomatic Disorders. Tehran: Allameh Tabatabaei University, (In Persian).
Ben Harrison K. (2006). Improving Employee Productivity. Translated by: Sh.Mirzaee, Tehran: Termeh Publishing, (In Persian).
Bast, J. (1997). Research Methods in Educational and Behavioral Sciences. Translated by: P. Sharifi, Tehran: Roshd Publishing, (In Persian).
Cartwright, Susan (203), Managing Workplace Stress, London, Sage Publication.
Clegg, Brin (2004), Instant Stress Management, New York, Jossy Bass Co.
Cooper, Cary (2002), Handbook of Stress, Medicine and Health, FL Bocaration, CRC Press.
Dayer, W. (2001). Find Your Majesty. Hamshahri Newspaper, (In Persian).
Decenzo, David (2004), Human resource management, 6th ed., prentic hall.
Delawar A. (1994). Theoretical and Practical Bases for Research in the Humanities and Social Sciences. Tehran: Groves Publishing, (In Persian).
Fadavi, A. (1998). Ergonomics and Productivity. Tadbir Magazine, 86, (In Persian).
Fakhimi, F. (2004). Organizational Behavior Managemen. Hastan Publishing, (In Persian).
Feghahi Farahmand, N. (2000). Strategic Structure Management Organization. Tabriz: Islamic Azad University, (In Persian).
Feghahi Farahmand, N. (2002). Dynamic Management Organization. Tabriz: Forouzesh Publications, (In Persian).
Feghahi Farahmand, N. (2003). Permanent Management Organization. Tabriz: Forouzesh Publications, (In Persian).
Feghahi Farahmand, N. (2005). Strategic Management Organization. Tabriz: Forouzesh Publications, (In Persian).
Ghafourian, H. (1998). Stressors in Managers. Tadbir Magazine, 86, (In Persian).
Griffin, M. (1995). Organizational Behavior. Translated by: M., Alvani & G. R., Memarzadeh, Morvarid Publication, (In Persian).
Inlander, Ch., & Moran, S. (1999). Stress. Translated by: E. Mehryar, Tehran: Hekayat Publishing, (In Persian).
Kazemi, M. (1996). Human Engineering. Tadbir Magazine, 62, (In Persian).
Khaki, G. R. (1999). Research Method in Management. Tehran: Tehran University, (In Persian).
Khaki, G. R. (2002). Guide to Design and Criticism of Research. Tehran:Islamic Azad University, (In Persian).
Ksavery, L. (2005), the relationship between empowerment, job satisfaction and reported stress levels, Leadership & Organization Development Journal.
Kurman E. (2005). Industrial and Organizational Psychology. Translated by: H., Shokrunk, Roshd Publishing, (In Persian).
Mashbeki, A. (1997). Job Stress and Spiritual Stress. Quarterly Journal of Governmental Administration, 38, (In Persian).
Mirkamali, M. (1998). Psychological Stress in Organization and Management. Management Knowledge Quarterly, 39 & 40, (In Persian).
Momeni, M. (2001). Some Statistical Errors in Management Research. Modiriyyate Tosee Quarterly, 8, (In Persian).
Nouri, N. (1998). Surveying the Level of Stress Caused by Organizational Factors and its Relationship with the Performance of Managers and Supervisors. Master's Thesis, Mashhad: Ferdowsi University, (In Persian).
PeBenn, E. (2008), Stress and Satisfaction on the Job, New York, Praeger.
Ramzgoyan, G. A. (1997). Ways to Cope with Anxiety and Psychological Pressure in the Organization. Yeganeh Magazine, (In Persian).
Rashidi, M. M. (1999). Stress in the Workplace. Modiriyyat Journal, 36 & 37, (In Persian).
Rendall, R. R., & Altmuthyr, E. (1998). Job Stress. Translated by: Gh. Khajehpour, Tehran: Industrial Management Organization, (In Persian).
Rezaeian, A. (2006). Management and Organizational Behavior, (In Persian).
Robbins, Tony (2001), The management of workplace stress, European Foundation for the improvement of living and working condition.
Saatchi, M. (1998). Productivity Psychology, Virayesh Publishing, (In Persian).
Sakaran, U. (2002). Research Methods in Management. Translated by: M., Saabi & M., Shirazi, Tehran: Government Education Management Center, (In Persian).
Sime, W. (2007), Stress management, Teheory for the Teaching of Stress, Management.
Taheri Lari, M. (1998). Management of Organizational Change. Derakhshesh Publication, (In Persian).
Walter, H. (1996). Stress in the Way of Success for School Managers. Translated by: M., Firouzbakht & Kh., Beigi, Abjad Publishing, (In Persian).
Zarei, H. (2003). Personnel Safety and Health System and Human Resources Management, (In Persian).