ارزیابی اثر حذف نظام تعرفه‌ها بر کارایی شرکت‌های بیمه ایرانی با استفاده از مدل‌سازی ریاضی و آماری
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت بازرگانیمحمدرضا نامدار 1 , محسن قره خانی 2
1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی گروه ارشد مهندسی صنایع، دانشگاه قم
2 - استادیارگروه مهندسی صنایع دانشگاه قم
کلید واژه: تحلیل پوششی داده‌ها, تغییرات نهادی, نظام تعرفه, تجزیه و تحلیل عملکرد, معادلات برآوردگر رگرسیونی,
چکیده مقاله :
مقررات‌زدایی از جمله حذف نظام تعرفه‌ها، از اساسی‌ترین تغییرات نهادی در دهه گذشته در صنعت بیمه ایران به شمار می‌رود که می‌تواند کارایی عملکرد شرکت‌ها را تحت تأثیر قرار دهد؛ با وجود این اثر تغییرات نهادی بر کارایی صنعت بیمه ایران کمتر مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. در این مقاله، از یک روش دو مرحله‌ای که ترکیبی از روش برنامه‌ریزی ریاضی با روش آماری است، برای تجزیه و تحلیل عملکرد شرکت‌های بیمه در سال‌های 1384-1393 استفاده شده است. مخاطب این پژوهش، کلیه ذی‌نفعان صنعت بیمه از جمله مدیران شرکت‌ها، مشتریان آنها و نهادهای نظارتی بوده و داده‌های لازم با روش مطالعه کتابخانه‌ای از سالنامه‌های آماری صنعت بیمه گردآوری شده‌اند. بدین منظور، ابتدا با استفاده از روش تحلیل پوششی داده‌ها، کارایی شرکت‌های بیمه ایرانی محاسبه شده، سپس با استفاده از معادلات برآوردگر رگرسیونی، اثر حذف نظام تعرفه (تغییر نهادی) بر کارایی این شرکت‌ها مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. نتایج حاصل از تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که حذف نظام تعرفه‌ها بر کارایی بیمه‌گران اثر منفی داشته و منجر به کاهش کارایی آنها شده است. در پایان پیشنهادهایی برای خروج از وضع موجود ارائه شده است.
Deregulation such as elimination of tariff system is one of the fundamental institutional changes in the past decade in the Iranian insurance industry. Although it can affect on the markets performance, few research studied the effects of deregulation on insurer efficiency. In this study, a two-step approach is applied for analyzing the performance of insurance companies that combines mathematical programming and statistical method, in the ten-year period from 1384-1393 SH. The audiences of this research are all the stakeholders of the insurance industry, including market executives, their clients and regulatory organizations. The data have been compiled using a library study method from the insurance industry's annual statistics. Firstly we use Data Envelopment Analysis to calculate the efficiency of insurers in the ten-year period, and then in second step by Estimated Regression Equation the effect of deregulation on the insurer performance is investigated. The results show that detariffication has negative effect on the performance of insurers and reduced their efficiency. Finally, we present the recommendations for improving the performance of the insurers.
Ali Shah, S. A., & Masood, O. (2017), Input Efficiency of Financial Services Sector: A Non-Parametric Analysis of Banking and Insurance Sectors of Pakistan.
Abouyi F., Mirdehghan-Ashkzari, S. M., & Shafiei-Rudposhti, M. (2011), Efficiency Evaluation of Insurance Companies in Iran. Journal of Modern Economy and Trade, 201-218, (In Persian).
Badunenko, O., Grechanyuk, B., & Talavera, O. (2006), Development under Regulation: The Way of the Ukrainian Insurance Market. Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin, 644.
Barros, C. P., Barroso, N., & Borges, M. R. (2005), Evaluating the Efficiency and Productivity of Insurance Companies with a Malmquist Index: A Case Study for Portugal. Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance, 30, 244-267.
Barros, C. P., Caporale, G. M., & Ibiwoye, A. (2008), A Two Stage Efficiency Analysis of the Insurance Industry in Nigeria. Uxbridge, UK: Centre for Empirical Finance (CEF).
Barros C. P., Ibiwoye, A., & Managi, S. (2008), Productivity Change of Nigerian Insurance Companies: 1994-2005. African Development Review, 20, 505-528.
Barros, C. P., Nektarios, M., & Assaf A. (2010), Efficiency in the Greek Insurance Industry. European Journal of Operational Research, 205, 431-436.
Biener, C., Eling, M., & Jia, R. (2017), The Structure of the Global Reinsurance Market: An Analysis of Efficiency, Scale, and Scope. Journal of Banking & Finance, 77, 213-229.
Biener, C., Eling, M., & Wirfs, J. H. (2016), The Determinants of Efficiency and Productivity in the Swiss Insurance Industry. European Journal of Operational Research, 248, 703-714.
Boonyasai T., Grace, M. F., & Skipper, H. D. (2002), The Effect of Liberalization and Deregulation on Life Insurer Efficiency. Working Paper, 02-2.
Brockett, P. L., Cooper, W. W., Golden, L. L., Rousseau, J. J., & Wang, Y.(2004), Evaluating Solvency Versus Efficiency Performance and Different forms of Organization and Marketing in US Property-Liability Insurance Companies. European Journal of Operational Research,154, 492-514.
Brockett, P. L., Cooper, W. W., Golden, L. L., Rousseau, J. J., & Wang, Y. (2005), Financial-Intermediary Versus Production Financial Intermediary Versus Production, Approach to Efficiency of Marketing Distribution Systems and Organizational Structure of Insurance Companies. The Journal of Risk and Insurance, 72, 393-412.
Charnes, A., Cooper, W. W., Lewin, A. Y., & Lawrence, M. S. (1995), Data Envelopment Analysis: Theory, Methodology and Applications.
Coelli, T. J., Rao, D. S. P., & Battese, G. E. (1998), An Introduction to Efficiency and Productivity Analysis. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Cooper, W. W., Park, K. S., & Pastor, J. T. (1999), RAM: A Range Adjusted Measure of Inefficiency for Use with Additive Woodless, and Relations to other Models and Measures in DEA. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 11, 5-24.
Cummins, J. D., & Rubio-Misas, M. (2006), Deregulation, Consolidation, and Efficiency: Evidence from the Spanish Insurance Industry. Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking, 38, 323-355.
Cummins, J. D., Turchetti, G., & Weiss, M. A. (1996), Productivity and Technical Productivity and Technical Efficiency in the Italian Insurance Industry. Working Paper, 96-10,
Cummins, J. D., & Weiss, M. A. (1998), Analyzing Firm Performance in the-Insurance Industry Using Frontier Efficiency Methods. The Wharton Financial Institutions Center.
Ennsfellner, K. C., Lewis, D., & Anderson, R. I. (2004), Production Efficiency in the Austrian Insurance Industry: A Bayesian Examination. The Journal of Risk and Insurance, 71, 135-159.
Fukuyama, H. (1997), Investigating Productive Efficiency and Productive Changes of Japanese Life Insurance Companies. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 5, 481-509.
Hussels, S., & Ward, D. R. (2007),The Impact of Deregulation on the German and UK Life Insurance Markets: An Analysis of Efficiency and Productivity over 1991-2002. Working Paper.
Jalali Naini, S. G., & Nouralizadeh, H. R. (2012), A Two-Stage DEA to Analyze the Effect of Entrance Deregulation on Iranian Insurers: A Robust Approach. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, (In Persian).
Jalali Naini, S. G., Mahdavi-Mazdeh, M., & Nouralizadeh, H. R. (2012), Analysis of the Effect of Abolishing the Entry Monopoly on the Efficiency of Iranian Insurance Companies. Journal of Insurance Research, 28, 25-51, (In Persian).
Lu, W. M., Wang W. K., & Kweh, Q. L. (2014), Intellectual Capital and Performance in the Chinese Life Insurance Industry. Omega, 42(1), 65-74.
Mahlberg, B., & Uri, T. (2003), Effects of the Single Market on the Austrian Insurance Industry. Empirical Economics, 28, 813-838.
Noulas, A. G., Hatzigayios, T., Lazaridis, J., & Lyroudi, K. (2001), Non Parametric Production Frontier Approach to the Study of Efficiency of Non-Life Insurance Companies in Greece. Journal of Financial Management and Analysis, 14, 19-26.
Rees, R., Kessner, E., Klemperer, P., & Matutes, C. (1999), Regulation and Efficiency in European Insurance Markets, Economic Policy, 14, 363-397.
Ryan, J. H. E., & Schellhorn, C. D. (2000), Life Insurer Cost Efficiency Before and After Implementation of the NAIC Risk-Based Capital Standards. Journal of Insurance Regulation, 18, 362-384.
Wanke, P., & Barros, C. P. (2016), Efficiency Drivers in Brazilian Insurance: A Two-Stage DEA Meta Frontier-Data Mining Approach. Economic Modelling, 53, 8-22.
Yasuda, Y. (2016), Impacts of Deregulation on Property and Casualty Insurers' Pricing and Risk Taking: Empirical Evidence in Japan.
Yuan, Y., & Phillips, R. D. (2008), Financial Integration and Scope efficiency in U.S. Financial Services, Post gram-Leach-Bliley. Working Paper.
_||_Ali Shah, S. A., & Masood, O. (2017), Input Efficiency of Financial Services Sector: A Non-Parametric Analysis of Banking and Insurance Sectors of Pakistan.
Abouyi F., Mirdehghan-Ashkzari, S. M., & Shafiei-Rudposhti, M. (2011), Efficiency Evaluation of Insurance Companies in Iran. Journal of Modern Economy and Trade, 201-218, (In Persian).
Badunenko, O., Grechanyuk, B., & Talavera, O. (2006), Development under Regulation: The Way of the Ukrainian Insurance Market. Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin, 644.
Barros, C. P., Barroso, N., & Borges, M. R. (2005), Evaluating the Efficiency and Productivity of Insurance Companies with a Malmquist Index: A Case Study for Portugal. Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance, 30, 244-267.
Barros, C. P., Caporale, G. M., & Ibiwoye, A. (2008), A Two Stage Efficiency Analysis of the Insurance Industry in Nigeria. Uxbridge, UK: Centre for Empirical Finance (CEF).
Barros C. P., Ibiwoye, A., & Managi, S. (2008), Productivity Change of Nigerian Insurance Companies: 1994-2005. African Development Review, 20, 505-528.
Barros, C. P., Nektarios, M., & Assaf A. (2010), Efficiency in the Greek Insurance Industry. European Journal of Operational Research, 205, 431-436.
Biener, C., Eling, M., & Jia, R. (2017), The Structure of the Global Reinsurance Market: An Analysis of Efficiency, Scale, and Scope. Journal of Banking & Finance, 77, 213-229.
Biener, C., Eling, M., & Wirfs, J. H. (2016), The Determinants of Efficiency and Productivity in the Swiss Insurance Industry. European Journal of Operational Research, 248, 703-714.
Boonyasai T., Grace, M. F., & Skipper, H. D. (2002), The Effect of Liberalization and Deregulation on Life Insurer Efficiency. Working Paper, 02-2.
Brockett, P. L., Cooper, W. W., Golden, L. L., Rousseau, J. J., & Wang, Y.(2004), Evaluating Solvency Versus Efficiency Performance and Different forms of Organization and Marketing in US Property-Liability Insurance Companies. European Journal of Operational Research,154, 492-514.
Brockett, P. L., Cooper, W. W., Golden, L. L., Rousseau, J. J., & Wang, Y. (2005), Financial-Intermediary Versus Production Financial Intermediary Versus Production, Approach to Efficiency of Marketing Distribution Systems and Organizational Structure of Insurance Companies. The Journal of Risk and Insurance, 72, 393-412.
Charnes, A., Cooper, W. W., Lewin, A. Y., & Lawrence, M. S. (1995), Data Envelopment Analysis: Theory, Methodology and Applications.
Coelli, T. J., Rao, D. S. P., & Battese, G. E. (1998), An Introduction to Efficiency and Productivity Analysis. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Cooper, W. W., Park, K. S., & Pastor, J. T. (1999), RAM: A Range Adjusted Measure of Inefficiency for Use with Additive Woodless, and Relations to other Models and Measures in DEA. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 11, 5-24.
Cummins, J. D., & Rubio-Misas, M. (2006), Deregulation, Consolidation, and Efficiency: Evidence from the Spanish Insurance Industry. Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking, 38, 323-355.
Cummins, J. D., Turchetti, G., & Weiss, M. A. (1996), Productivity and Technical Productivity and Technical Efficiency in the Italian Insurance Industry. Working Paper, 96-10,
Cummins, J. D., & Weiss, M. A. (1998), Analyzing Firm Performance in the-Insurance Industry Using Frontier Efficiency Methods. The Wharton Financial Institutions Center.
Ennsfellner, K. C., Lewis, D., & Anderson, R. I. (2004), Production Efficiency in the Austrian Insurance Industry: A Bayesian Examination. The Journal of Risk and Insurance, 71, 135-159.
Fukuyama, H. (1997), Investigating Productive Efficiency and Productive Changes of Japanese Life Insurance Companies. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 5, 481-509.
Hussels, S., & Ward, D. R. (2007),The Impact of Deregulation on the German and UK Life Insurance Markets: An Analysis of Efficiency and Productivity over 1991-2002. Working Paper.
Jalali Naini, S. G., & Nouralizadeh, H. R. (2012), A Two-Stage DEA to Analyze the Effect of Entrance Deregulation on Iranian Insurers: A Robust Approach. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, (In Persian).
Jalali Naini, S. G., Mahdavi-Mazdeh, M., & Nouralizadeh, H. R. (2012), Analysis of the Effect of Abolishing the Entry Monopoly on the Efficiency of Iranian Insurance Companies. Journal of Insurance Research, 28, 25-51, (In Persian).
Lu, W. M., Wang W. K., & Kweh, Q. L. (2014), Intellectual Capital and Performance in the Chinese Life Insurance Industry. Omega, 42(1), 65-74.
Mahlberg, B., & Uri, T. (2003), Effects of the Single Market on the Austrian Insurance Industry. Empirical Economics, 28, 813-838.
Noulas, A. G., Hatzigayios, T., Lazaridis, J., & Lyroudi, K. (2001), Non Parametric Production Frontier Approach to the Study of Efficiency of Non-Life Insurance Companies in Greece. Journal of Financial Management and Analysis, 14, 19-26.
Rees, R., Kessner, E., Klemperer, P., & Matutes, C. (1999), Regulation and Efficiency in European Insurance Markets, Economic Policy, 14, 363-397.
Ryan, J. H. E., & Schellhorn, C. D. (2000), Life Insurer Cost Efficiency Before and After Implementation of the NAIC Risk-Based Capital Standards. Journal of Insurance Regulation, 18, 362-384.
Wanke, P., & Barros, C. P. (2016), Efficiency Drivers in Brazilian Insurance: A Two-Stage DEA Meta Frontier-Data Mining Approach. Economic Modelling, 53, 8-22.
Yasuda, Y. (2016), Impacts of Deregulation on Property and Casualty Insurers' Pricing and Risk Taking: Empirical Evidence in Japan.
Yuan, Y., & Phillips, R. D. (2008), Financial Integration and Scope efficiency in U.S. Financial Services, Post gram-Leach-Bliley. Working Paper.