تبیین و ارائه الگویی برای تعیین و ارزیابی عوامل مؤثر بر انتخاب کیفیت گزارشگری مالی در ایران
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت بازرگانی
هاشم نیکو‌مرام
1
(دانشیار،واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،تهران،ایران)
یونس باد‌آور نهندی
2
(دانش آموخته دکتری حسابداری، واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،تهران،ایران)
کلید واژه: اقلام تعهدی, کیفیت گزارشگری مالی, عوامل مدیریتی, جریانهای نقدی آتی, هزینه‌های محرمانه, ویژگیهای شرکت,
چکیده مقاله :
این تحقیق عوامل مؤثر بر انتخاب کیفیت گزارشگری مالی در ایران را شناسایی و ارزیابی کرده است. جامعه آماری تحقیق، شرکتهای پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران و دوره تحقیق از سال 1378 تا 1385 می‌باشد. تحقیق حاضر جزء تحقیقات تجربی حسابداری است و برای انجام آن از روشهای تحقیق علی- مقایسه‌ای و همبستگی استفاده شده است. دراین تحقیق برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها و آزمون فرضیه‌ها از آزمون همبستگی، آزمون تفاوت میانگینها و الگوی رگرسیونی پروبیت استفاده گردیده است. نتایج آزمونهای تک‌متغیره فرضیه‌های تحقیق نشان می‌دهد کیفیت گزارشگری مالی با حاشیه سودآوری، و کارایی مدیریت شرکت رابطه مثبت و با رقابت در بازار محصول، محافظه‌کاری مدیریت، اندازه، سرمایه بر بودن فعالیت، چرخه عملیاتی و پیچیدگی محیط فعالیت شرکت رابطه منفی دارد. با این حال، بین کیفیت گزارشگری مالی با فرصتهای رشد، تمرکـز مالکیت، ساختار هیئت مدیره، مالکیت اعضای هیئت مدیره، صداقت مدیریت، و اهرم مالی شرکت رابطه‌ای مشاهده نگردید. همچنین، برمبنای آزمونهای چند‌متغیره الگوهایی ارائه گردید که امکان پیش‌بینی کیفیت گزارشگری مالی برای دوره مالی آینده را فراهم می‌کند. این الگوها مبتنی بر توزیع احتمال نرمال استاندارد (CDF) است و احتمال گزارشگری مالی با کیفیت برای دوره مالی آینده را برآورد می‌کند.
This research has determined and evaluated the factors that affect financial reporting quality choice in Iran. The statistical popultion of this research is companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE), and the research period is from 1378 to 1385. This research is considered as an empirical accounting research, and causal-comparative and correlation research methods have been used to do it. In this research, correlation test, mean-difference test, and probit regression model have been used to analyze the data and test the hypotheses. The results of unit-variable tests of hypotheses shows that, financial reporting quality is positively associated with the margin of profitability and managerial efficiency of the firm, and it is negatively associated with product market competition, managerial conservatism, size, capital intensity of business, operating cycle and complexity of the firm's operating environment. However, no association was found between financial reporting quality and growth opportunities, ownership concentration, board of directors structure, board of directors ownership, managerial integrity and financial leverage of the firm. Also, based on multi-variable tests, models were developed to predict the financial reporting quality of firms for the next financial period. These models are based on cumulative distribution function (CDF), and estimate the probability of high quality financial reporting for the next financial period.
Abdolmohammadi, M., R., Simnett, J. C., Thibodeau, and A. M. Wright, (2006), “Sell–Side Analyst’s Reports and the Current External Reporting Model”, Accounting Horizons 20, 4, 375-389.
Accounting Standards Committee. (2007). Accounting Standards. Tehran: Sazmane Hesabrasi Publication, (In Persian).
Balachandran, V. S., and P. S. Mohanram, (2004), “Conservatism and the Value Relevance of Financial Information”, Working Paper, Columbia Business School.
Baradaran, R., & Rezaee, A. (2008). Investigating the Effect of Shareholders' Composition on the Information Content of the Profits of Companies Accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange. Master's Thesis, Tabriz: Islamic Azad University, (In Persian).
Barth, M. E., D., Cram, and K., Nelson, (2001), “Accruals and the Prediction of Future Cash Flows”, the Accounting Review 76, 25-58.
Barua, A., J., Legoria, and J. S., Moffitt, (2006), “Accruals Management to Achieve Earnings Benchmarks: A Comparison of Pre-managed Profit and Loss Firms”, Journal of Business Finance & Accounting 33(5) & (6), 653-670.
Bulu, Q. (2007). Cost of Equity and Profitability. Phd Thesis, Tehran: Allameh Tabatabaei University, (In Persian).
Cohen, A. D., (2004), “Financial Reporting Quality Choice: Determinants and Consequences”, A Dissertation , Northwestern University.
Demerjian, P., B., Lev, and S., McVay, (2006), “Managerial Ability and Earnings Quality”, AAA Annual Meeting, University of Michigan.
Ebrahimi Kurdler, A. (2007). The Corporate Governance System and the Role of Ownership Ownership in it. Accounting Knowledge and Research, 8, (In Persian).
Fan,Q., and X. Zhang, (2005), “Conservatism and Accounting Information Quality”, Working Paper, University of California.
FASB, (1978), “Objectives of Financial Reporting by Business Enterprise”, Statement of Financial Accounting Concepts No. 1.
Graham, R. J., C. R., Harvey, and S., Rajgopal, (2005), “The Economic Implications of Corporate Financial Reporting”, Journal of Accounting & Economics 40, 3–73.
Hagerman, L. R., and E. M. Zmijewski, (1979), “Some Economic Determinants of Accounting Policy Choice”, Journal of Accounting & Economics 1, 141 – 161.
Hermans, S., (2007), “Financial Information and Earnings Quality: A Literature Review”, Working Paper, University of Namur.
IASCF, (2007), “A Guide through International Financial Reporting Standards”, IASCF Publication Department, United Kingdom, London.
Kim, Y., C. Liu, and S. G., Rhee, (2003), “The Effects of Firm Size on Earnings Management,” Working Paper, University of Hawaii.
Mashayekh, Sh., & Esmaeili, M. (2006). The Relationship between Quality of Profit and Some Aspects of the Principles of Governance in Companies Accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange. Accounting and Auditing Reviews, 45, (In Persian).
Miller, B. W. Paul, and Paul R. Bahnson, (1999), “Quality Financial Reporting: Why You Need it and How to Implement it”, The Journal of Corporate Accounting and Finance/ Autumn.
Nouroosh, I., A., & Nazemi, M. (2006). Accrual and Profit Quality with Emphasis on the Role of Accrual Estimation Error. Accounting and Auditing Reviews, 43, (In Persian).
Pergola, M. T., W. J., Gilbert, and A., Jenzarli, (2004), “ Effects of Corporate Governance and Board Equity Ownership on Earnings Quality”, Working Paper, University of Tampa.
Rajgopal, S., and M. Venkatachalm, (2005), “Financial Reporting Quality and Idiosyncratic Return Volatility over the Last Four Decades”, Empirical Research, University of Washington.
Riahi BelkoyI, A. (2000). Theory of Accounting. Translated by: A., Parsayian, Tehran: Office of Cultural Studies, (In Persian).
Saqafi, A., & Rezazadeh, J. (2003). The Cultural Context of Professional Accountants. Accounting Studies, 1, (In Persian).
Shabahang, R. (2002). Theory of Accounting. Tehran: Sazmane Hesabrasi Publication, (In Persian).
Sun, J., (2005), “Financial Reporting Quality, Capital Allocation Efficiency, Financing Structure: An International Study”, A Dissertation, Shanghai University.
Vafeas, N., (2000), “Board Structure and the Informativeness of Earnings”, Journal of Accounting and Public Policy 19, 139 – 160.
Verdi, S., (2006), “Financial Reporting Quality and Investment Efficiency”, A Dissertation, University of Pennsylvania.
Watts, L. R., and J. L., Zimmerman, (1986), “Positive Accounting Theory”, Prentice Hall, New Jersy.
Wu, S., (2006), “Managerial Ownership and Earnings Quality”, Working Paper, University of British Columbia.
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Abdolmohammadi, M., R., Simnett, J. C., Thibodeau, and A. M. Wright, (2006), “Sell–Side Analyst’s Reports and the Current External Reporting Model”, Accounting Horizons 20, 4, 375-389.
Accounting Standards Committee. (2007). Accounting Standards. Tehran: Sazmane Hesabrasi Publication, (In Persian).
Balachandran, V. S., and P. S. Mohanram, (2004), “Conservatism and the Value Relevance of Financial Information”, Working Paper, Columbia Business School.
Baradaran, R., & Rezaee, A. (2008). Investigating the Effect of Shareholders' Composition on the Information Content of the Profits of Companies Accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange. Master's Thesis, Tabriz: Islamic Azad University, (In Persian).
Barth, M. E., D., Cram, and K., Nelson, (2001), “Accruals and the Prediction of Future Cash Flows”, the Accounting Review 76, 25-58.
Barua, A., J., Legoria, and J. S., Moffitt, (2006), “Accruals Management to Achieve Earnings Benchmarks: A Comparison of Pre-managed Profit and Loss Firms”, Journal of Business Finance & Accounting 33(5) & (6), 653-670.
Bulu, Q. (2007). Cost of Equity and Profitability. Phd Thesis, Tehran: Allameh Tabatabaei University, (In Persian).
Cohen, A. D., (2004), “Financial Reporting Quality Choice: Determinants and Consequences”, A Dissertation , Northwestern University.
Demerjian, P., B., Lev, and S., McVay, (2006), “Managerial Ability and Earnings Quality”, AAA Annual Meeting, University of Michigan.
Ebrahimi Kurdler, A. (2007). The Corporate Governance System and the Role of Ownership Ownership in it. Accounting Knowledge and Research, 8, (In Persian).
Fan,Q., and X. Zhang, (2005), “Conservatism and Accounting Information Quality”, Working Paper, University of California.
FASB, (1978), “Objectives of Financial Reporting by Business Enterprise”, Statement of Financial Accounting Concepts No. 1.
Graham, R. J., C. R., Harvey, and S., Rajgopal, (2005), “The Economic Implications of Corporate Financial Reporting”, Journal of Accounting & Economics 40, 3–73.
Hagerman, L. R., and E. M. Zmijewski, (1979), “Some Economic Determinants of Accounting Policy Choice”, Journal of Accounting & Economics 1, 141 – 161.
Hermans, S., (2007), “Financial Information and Earnings Quality: A Literature Review”, Working Paper, University of Namur.
IASCF, (2007), “A Guide through International Financial Reporting Standards”, IASCF Publication Department, United Kingdom, London.
Kim, Y., C. Liu, and S. G., Rhee, (2003), “The Effects of Firm Size on Earnings Management,” Working Paper, University of Hawaii.
Mashayekh, Sh., & Esmaeili, M. (2006). The Relationship between Quality of Profit and Some Aspects of the Principles of Governance in Companies Accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange. Accounting and Auditing Reviews, 45, (In Persian).
Miller, B. W. Paul, and Paul R. Bahnson, (1999), “Quality Financial Reporting: Why You Need it and How to Implement it”, The Journal of Corporate Accounting and Finance/ Autumn.
Nouroosh, I., A., & Nazemi, M. (2006). Accrual and Profit Quality with Emphasis on the Role of Accrual Estimation Error. Accounting and Auditing Reviews, 43, (In Persian).
Pergola, M. T., W. J., Gilbert, and A., Jenzarli, (2004), “ Effects of Corporate Governance and Board Equity Ownership on Earnings Quality”, Working Paper, University of Tampa.
Rajgopal, S., and M. Venkatachalm, (2005), “Financial Reporting Quality and Idiosyncratic Return Volatility over the Last Four Decades”, Empirical Research, University of Washington.
Riahi BelkoyI, A. (2000). Theory of Accounting. Translated by: A., Parsayian, Tehran: Office of Cultural Studies, (In Persian).
Saqafi, A., & Rezazadeh, J. (2003). The Cultural Context of Professional Accountants. Accounting Studies, 1, (In Persian).
Shabahang, R. (2002). Theory of Accounting. Tehran: Sazmane Hesabrasi Publication, (In Persian).
Sun, J., (2005), “Financial Reporting Quality, Capital Allocation Efficiency, Financing Structure: An International Study”, A Dissertation, Shanghai University.
Vafeas, N., (2000), “Board Structure and the Informativeness of Earnings”, Journal of Accounting and Public Policy 19, 139 – 160.
Verdi, S., (2006), “Financial Reporting Quality and Investment Efficiency”, A Dissertation, University of Pennsylvania.
Watts, L. R., and J. L., Zimmerman, (1986), “Positive Accounting Theory”, Prentice Hall, New Jersy.
Wu, S., (2006), “Managerial Ownership and Earnings Quality”, Working Paper, University of British Columbia.