بررسی مبانی و شاخصهای اقتصاد دانش محور در کشور های اسلامی منطقه خاورمیانه و شمال آفریقا
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت بازرگانی
علیرضا بافنده
1
(عضو هیأت علمی گروه مدیریت،واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،تبریز،ایران)
غلامرضا سلطانی فسقندیس
2
(دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت صنعتی دانشگاه آزاد تبریز، عضو باشگاه پژوهشگران شعبه تبریز)
کلید واژه: نوآوری, فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات, اقتصاد دانش محور, شاخص های اندازه گیری, کشورهای اسلامی منطقه خاورمیانه وشمال آفریقا,
چکیده مقاله :
اقتصاد دانش محور اقتصادی است که در آن تولید، توزیع و بکارگیری دانش به عنوان عامل اصلی رشد، تولید و اشتغال در یک اقتصاد کلان شناخته می شود. در این مقاله به بررسی وتعریف دانش و اقتصاد دانش محور، پایه های چارچوب اقتصاد دانش محور، شبکه های دانش و شاخص های اندازه گیری اقتصاد دانش محور پرداخته و درادامه وضعیّت شاخص اقتصاد دانش محور در کشورهای اسلامی منطقه خاورمیانه و شمال آفریقا را با استفاده از داده های بانک جهانی و بوسیله آمارهای توصیفی (نمودار راداری و میانگین) مورد بررسی قرار می دهیم. نتیجه بررسی ها نشان می دهد کشورهای اسلامی منطقه خاورمیانه و شمال آفریقا در زمینه اقتصاد دانش محور دروضعیّت پایینی نسبت به میانگین جهانی قرار دارند وتنها در سه مؤلفه شاخص، از میانگین جهانی بالاتر هستند . همچنین عدم توازن در شاخص اقتصاد دانش محور کشور های اسلامی منطقه به خوبی قابل مشاهده است.
A knowledge based economy is the one in which production, dissemination and the use of knowledge is known as main factor for growth, production and engagement in a macro-economy. This study deals with knowledge definition, knowledge based economy, pillars of knowledge based economy framework, knowledge networks and measurement indices of knowledge based economy in Islamic countries in Middle-East and north.Africa, using theWorld Bank data and descriptive statistics (radar charts and means). The results showed that the aforementioned countries,in comparison with world mean are in lower position,though they are higher in three indices.The imbalance in knowledge based economy index is clearly visible.
Adams, James D. (1990)," Fundamental stocks of knowledge and Productivity Growth", Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 98, No.4, pp.673-702.
APEC (2000), "Towards knowledge-Based Economy in APEC", Report by APEC Economic Committee.
Barro,Robert.(1991),"Economic Growth in across-section of countries", Journal of Economy, Vol.106, No.2, pp.407-443.
Chen, Derek H.C. & Carl J Dahlman.(2005)."The knowledge Economy, the KAM Methodology and world bank operations", The world bank, Washington DC, pp.5-8.
Dahlman, Carl J. (2002)."Challenges for MENA countries from the knowledge revolution", World Bank, Washington D.C
Aubert, Eric& Louis Reiffers.(2003)."Knowledge Economies in the Middle East and North Africa: Toward New Development Startegies", World Bank, Washington D.C, pp.1-5
Emadzadeh, M., & Shahnazi, R. (2007). Investigating the Bases and Indicators of Knowledge-Based Economy and its Position in Selected Countries Compared with Iran. Journal of Economic Research, 4, 148-146, (In Persian).
Entezari, Y. (2004). The Emergence of the Knowledge Economy and the Need for Change in Iran's Education. National Proceedings of Education Reform Engineering, (In Persian).
Hanushek, EricA. & Dennis D. kimko.(2000)."Schooling labor-Force Quality, and the Growth of nations", American Economic Review, Vol.90, No.5, pp.1184-1208.
Imadzadeh, M., R., Shahnazi, & Dehghan Shabani, Z. (2006). A Study on the Realization of the Knowledge-Driven Economy in Iran (Comparative Comparison with Three Neighboring Countries). Economic Quarterly Journal, 2, 107-105, (In Persian).
Lundvall, B.A (1992)."National systems of Innovation", London.
Memarnezhad, A. (2005). The Economics of Basic Knowledge; Requirements, Indicators, Iran's Situation, Challenges and Solutions. Journal of Economics and Business Novin, 1, 85-84, (In Persian).
Niwendi, F. (2004). Introduction to Knowledge Economy. Tehran: Ministry of Industry and Mines, (In Persian).
Nobakht, M. B. (2008). The Study of the Labor Market in Iran and the Effect of Oil Price Increase in this Market Compared with the Countries of the Middle East and North Africa. Labor Market Weekly, 382, (In Persian).
Oliner, S. D., & Daniel, E. S. (2000)."The resurgence of Growth in the late 1990s: Is Information Technology the story? ", Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol.14, No.4, pp.3-22
Pilat, Dirk and Frankc Lee (2001)."Productivity Growth in ICT producing and ICT-Using Industries: A source of Growth Differentials in the OECD?"STI working paper.
Romer, Paul M (1986),"Increasing Returns and long- Run Growth ", Journal of political economy, Vol.94, October, pp.102-1037
Shafia, M. A., Motavalliyan, S. R., & Rahnamafard, S.M. (2007). Presentation of Applied Model in Comprehensive Organizational Knowledge Management Planning. First National Conference on Knowledge Management, (In Persian).
Sharma S and Gupta S (2004)."Knowledge, Economy and Intelligent Enterprises: Intelligent Enterprises of the 21st century", Idea Group Publishing, PP.1-10.
Solow, Robert. (1957)."Technical change and the Aggregate Production Function" Review of Economic and statistics, Vol.39, pp312-320
Vahidi, P. (2002). Knowledge Economy and the Role of Research and Development on it, The Conference on Challenges and Perspectives of Iran's Development, (In Persian).
World Bank (2003)."Engendering ICT: Ensuring Gender Equality in ICT for Development ", Washington D.C.
World Bank (2003)."ICT and MDGs: A World bank group perspective, Washington D.C.
World Bank (2008), KEI and KI Indexes (KAM2008) http://info.worldbank.org/etools/kam2/KAM-page.asp.
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Adams, James D. (1990)," Fundamental stocks of knowledge and Productivity Growth", Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 98, No.4, pp.673-702.
APEC (2000), "Towards knowledge-Based Economy in APEC", Report by APEC Economic Committee.
Barro,Robert.(1991),"Economic Growth in across-section of countries", Journal of Economy, Vol.106, No.2, pp.407-443.
Chen, Derek H.C. & Carl J Dahlman.(2005)."The knowledge Economy, the KAM Methodology and world bank operations", The world bank, Washington DC, pp.5-8.
Dahlman, Carl J. (2002)."Challenges for MENA countries from the knowledge revolution", World Bank, Washington D.C
Aubert, Eric& Louis Reiffers.(2003)."Knowledge Economies in the Middle East and North Africa: Toward New Development Startegies", World Bank, Washington D.C, pp.1-5
Emadzadeh, M., & Shahnazi, R. (2007). Investigating the Bases and Indicators of Knowledge-Based Economy and its Position in Selected Countries Compared with Iran. Journal of Economic Research, 4, 148-146, (In Persian).
Entezari, Y. (2004). The Emergence of the Knowledge Economy and the Need for Change in Iran's Education. National Proceedings of Education Reform Engineering, (In Persian).
Hanushek, EricA. & Dennis D. kimko.(2000)."Schooling labor-Force Quality, and the Growth of nations", American Economic Review, Vol.90, No.5, pp.1184-1208.
Imadzadeh, M., R., Shahnazi, & Dehghan Shabani, Z. (2006). A Study on the Realization of the Knowledge-Driven Economy in Iran (Comparative Comparison with Three Neighboring Countries). Economic Quarterly Journal, 2, 107-105, (In Persian).
Lundvall, B.A (1992)."National systems of Innovation", London.
Memarnezhad, A. (2005). The Economics of Basic Knowledge; Requirements, Indicators, Iran's Situation, Challenges and Solutions. Journal of Economics and Business Novin, 1, 85-84, (In Persian).
Niwendi, F. (2004). Introduction to Knowledge Economy. Tehran: Ministry of Industry and Mines, (In Persian).
Nobakht, M. B. (2008). The Study of the Labor Market in Iran and the Effect of Oil Price Increase in this Market Compared with the Countries of the Middle East and North Africa. Labor Market Weekly, 382, (In Persian).
Oliner, S. D., & Daniel, E. S. (2000)."The resurgence of Growth in the late 1990s: Is Information Technology the story? ", Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol.14, No.4, pp.3-22
Pilat, Dirk and Frankc Lee (2001)."Productivity Growth in ICT producing and ICT-Using Industries: A source of Growth Differentials in the OECD?"STI working paper.
Romer, Paul M (1986),"Increasing Returns and long- Run Growth ", Journal of political economy, Vol.94, October, pp.102-1037
Shafia, M. A., Motavalliyan, S. R., & Rahnamafard, S.M. (2007). Presentation of Applied Model in Comprehensive Organizational Knowledge Management Planning. First National Conference on Knowledge Management, (In Persian).
Sharma S and Gupta S (2004)."Knowledge, Economy and Intelligent Enterprises: Intelligent Enterprises of the 21st century", Idea Group Publishing, PP.1-10.
Solow, Robert. (1957)."Technical change and the Aggregate Production Function" Review of Economic and statistics, Vol.39, pp312-320
Vahidi, P. (2002). Knowledge Economy and the Role of Research and Development on it, The Conference on Challenges and Perspectives of Iran's Development, (In Persian).
World Bank (2003)."Engendering ICT: Ensuring Gender Equality in ICT for Development ", Washington D.C.
World Bank (2003)."ICT and MDGs: A World bank group perspective, Washington D.C.
World Bank (2008), KEI and KI Indexes (KAM2008) http://info.worldbank.org/etools/kam2/KAM-page.asp.