تبیین عملکرد سازمان براساس گرایش به کارآفرینی و سرمایه فکری: مدل معادلات ساختاری
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت بازرگانیمحمد اکبری بورنگ 1 , سمیرا پور 2 , محسن آیتی 3
1 - استادیار برنامه درسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه بیرجند
2 - دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت رفتار سازمانی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
3 - دانشیار گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه بیرجند
کلید واژه: سرمایه فکری, گرایش به کارآفرینی, عملکردسازمان, صنایع چوب, محصولات چوبی,
چکیده مقاله :
بنابر دیدگاه مبتنی بر منابع، عملکرد برتر سازمان ها می تواند از منابع منحصر به فرد آنها، یکپارچگی منابع و یا توانایی پاسخ گویی به محیط ناشی شود. بر اساس این دیدگاه، تفاوت در عملکرد سازمان ها به دلیل این است که سازمان های موفق دارای منابع استراتژیکی (فیزیکی، انسانی و سازمانی) هستند که رقبای آن ها فاقد آن منابع هستند. بنابراین، تفاوت در منابع، نقش مهمی در ایجاد سود برای سازمان دارد. از جمله منابع سازمان، سرمایه فکری است که دارای سه بعد سرمایه انسانی، ساختاری و ارتباطی می باشد. در این مطالعه به بررسی نقش سرمایه فکری و گرایش به کارآفرینی و تأثیرات آنها بر عملکرد سازمان پرداخته شد. مطالعه حاضر، توصیفی و از نوع پیمایشی– تحلیلی است که از روش سرشماری بهره می برد . داده های جمع آوری شده در این بررسی از میان شرکت های فعال در واحدهای کوچک و متوسط صنایع چوب و محصولات چوبی شهر مشهد با استفاده از نرم افزار آماری PLS مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. نتایج حاصل از این مطالعه نشان داد که گرایش به کارآفرینی بر عملکرد سازمان تاثیر معناداری دارد و از میان ابعاد سه گانه سرمایه فکری، بالاترین میزان اثرگذاری بر عملکرد سازمان، مربوط به سرمایه ارتباطی می باشد.
According to the viewpoint based on resources, the superior performanceof organizations can result from their unique resources, integration ofresources and ability to respond to the user's environment. According to thisviewpoint, the difference in organizations performance is due to the fact thatsuccessful organizations possess the strategic resources (physical, human,and organizational) that their competitors lack. Thus, differences inresources have an important role in creating profit for the organization.Among the firm's resources is intellectual capital, which has threedimensions: human, structural and communicational Hence, this studyinvestigates the role of intellectual capital and tendency to entrepreneurshipand their effects on the firm performance. The study is a descriptive, surveyanalysis, which draws on census – taking method .The data were collectedfrom the small and medium firms of Wood and Wood Products industries inMashhad and analyzed through the use of PLS software. The resultsindicated that tendency to entrepreneurship has a significant effect on firmperformance. In addition, they showed that of the three dimensions ofintellectual capital, the communicational capital has the highest rate of effecton the performance of the organization
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Ağca, V., Topal, Y., & Kaya, H. (2012), Linking intrapreneurship activities to multidimensional firm performance in Turkish manufacturing firms: an empirical study. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 8(1), 15-33.
Benzing, C., Chu, H. M., & Callanan, G. (2005), A Regional Comparison of the Motivation and Problems of Vietnamese Entrepreneurs. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 10(1), 3-27.
Bhartesh, K. R. (2005), Intellectual Capital: Concept and its Measurement. Finance India Journal, 19(4), 1365- 1374.
Bontis, N. (1998), Intellectual capital: an exploratory study that develops measures and Models. Management decision, 36(2), 63-67.
Bontis N. Keow, W. A. (2000), Intellectual capital and Business performance in Malaysian Industries. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 1(1), 85-100.
Boore, J. & Porter, S. (2011), Education for entrepreneurship in nursing. Nurse Education Today, 31 (2), 184-191.
Bozbura, F. (2000), Measurement and application of intellectual capital in Turkey. Intellectual capital, 357–367.
Casson, M. (2003), the Entrepreneur: An Economic Theory (Second Ed.). Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc.
Choi, B. (2003), An empirical investigation of KM styles and their effect on corporate performance. Information & Management, 40(2), 403−417.
Covin, J. G., & Miles, M. P. (1999), Corporate Entrepreneurship and the Pursuit of Competitive Advantage. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 47-63.
Davidsson, P., Delmar, F., & Wiklund, J. (2002), Entrepreneurship as Growth: Growth as Entrepreneurship. In M. A. Hitt, R. D. Ireland, S. M. Camp & D. L. Sexton (Eds.), Strategic Entrepreneurship: Creating a New Mindset (pp. 1-16). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
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Farahani, H., Shabani, R., & Ghafari, H. (2013). Investigating the effect of entrepreneurship tendency and marketing information on the performance of small and medium enterprises in Markazi province. Journal of Marketing Management, 21, 63-77, (In Persian).
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. (1981), Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(2), 39–50.
Haenlein, M., Kaplan A. M. (2004), A Beginner’s Guide to Partial Least Squares Analysis. Understanding statistics, 3(4), 283–297.
Hsu, Y. H. F. (2008), Intellectual capital and new product development performance: The mediating role of organizational learning capability. Technol. Forecast. Soc, 1(4), 59-73.
Hulland, J. (1999), Use of partial least square (PLS) in strategic management research: a review of four recent studies. Strategic Manage, 20, 195–204.
Javanmard, H., & Sakhaii, F. (2009). The Relationship between Individual Skills, Organizational Learning, Innovation and Organizational Performance in Small and Medium Industries of Markazi Province. Basirat Quarterly, 16(44), (In Persian).
Lauria, E. J. M., & Duchessi, P. J. (2007), A methodology for developing Bayesian networks: An application to information technology (IT) implementation. European Journal of Operational Research, 179(1), 234–252.
Lopez, D. C. (2008), Intellectual Capital in high-tech firms the case of Spain. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 9(1), 25-36.
Lumpkin, G.T., & Dess, G. G. (2001), Linking Two Dimensions of Entrepreneurial Orientation to Firm Performance: The Moderating Role of Environment and Industry Life Cycle. Journal of Business Venturing, 16, 429-451.
Marr, B. M. (2005), Defining Intellectual Capital: A Three-dimensional Approach. Management Decision, 43(9), 65-79.
Martinsons, M. G. (1995), Knowledge-based systems leverage human resource management expertise. International Journal of Manpow. 16(2), 17–34.
Pew Tan, H. H. (2007), Intellectual Capital and financial returns of companies. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 8(1), 76-95.
Preece, S. B., Miles, G., & Baetz, M. C. (1998), Explaining the international intensity and global diversity on early-stage technology-based firms. Journal of Business Venturing, 14, 259-281.
Rastogi, P. (2002), Knowledge management and intellectual capital as a paradigm of value creation. Human Systems Management, 21(3), 229-40.
Rauch, A., Wiklund, J., Lumpkin, G.T., & Frese, M. (2009), Entrepreneurial orientation and business performance: An assessment of past research and suggestion for the future. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33, 761–781.
Rothberg, G. S. (2009), Intellectual capital in business-to-business markets. Industrial Marketing Management, 2(1), 19-34.
Safdari, A., Azabans, M., Heratzadeh, S., & Shafiei, A. R. (2010). The Study of the Effect of Organizational Learning on Organizational Entrepreneurship among Organizations in Qazvin Province. Entrepreneurship Contest in Iran 1404, (In Persian).
Rashidi, M. M. (2010). The Relationship between Intellectual Capital and Organizational Learning Capabilities in the Institute of International Energy Studies. Quarterly of Management and Human Resources in the Oil Industry, 11, 59-76, (In Persian).
Tajeddini K. & Mueller S.L. (2012), corporate entrepreneurship in Switzerland: evidence from a case study of Swiss watches manufacturers. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 8(3), 355-372 .
Yang, B., Watkins, K. E. & Marsick, V. J. (2004), the construct of the learning organization: Dimensions, Measurement, and validation, Human Resources Development Quarterly, 15, 30-31.
Yang, S. & Kang, Hsin-Hong. (2008), Is synergy always good? Clarifying the effect of innovation capital and customer capital on firm performance in two contexts. Technovation 28, 667–678.
Zali, M. R., & Mokhabber, M. (2009). Entrepreneurial Learning of a New Approach to Organizational Learning. Social, Economic, and Scientific and Cultural Work and Society Monthly, (In Persian).
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Abeysekera, I. (2006), The project of intellectual capital disclosure: researching the research. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 7(1), 61-77.
Ağca, V., Topal, Y., & Kaya, H. (2012), Linking intrapreneurship activities to multidimensional firm performance in Turkish manufacturing firms: an empirical study. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 8(1), 15-33.
Benzing, C., Chu, H. M., & Callanan, G. (2005), A Regional Comparison of the Motivation and Problems of Vietnamese Entrepreneurs. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 10(1), 3-27.
Bhartesh, K. R. (2005), Intellectual Capital: Concept and its Measurement. Finance India Journal, 19(4), 1365- 1374.
Bontis, N. (1998), Intellectual capital: an exploratory study that develops measures and Models. Management decision, 36(2), 63-67.
Bontis N. Keow, W. A. (2000), Intellectual capital and Business performance in Malaysian Industries. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 1(1), 85-100.
Boore, J. & Porter, S. (2011), Education for entrepreneurship in nursing. Nurse Education Today, 31 (2), 184-191.
Bozbura, F. (2000), Measurement and application of intellectual capital in Turkey. Intellectual capital, 357–367.
Casson, M. (2003), the Entrepreneur: An Economic Theory (Second Ed.). Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc.
Choi, B. (2003), An empirical investigation of KM styles and their effect on corporate performance. Information & Management, 40(2), 403−417.
Covin, J. G., & Miles, M. P. (1999), Corporate Entrepreneurship and the Pursuit of Competitive Advantage. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 47-63.
Davidsson, P., Delmar, F., & Wiklund, J. (2002), Entrepreneurship as Growth: Growth as Entrepreneurship. In M. A. Hitt, R. D. Ireland, S. M. Camp & D. L. Sexton (Eds.), Strategic Entrepreneurship: Creating a New Mindset (pp. 1-16). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
Davis, J. L., Greg Bell, R., Tyge Payne, G. & Kreiser, P. M. (2010), Entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance: the moderating role of managerial power. American Journal of Business, 25 (2), 41-54.
Farahani, H., Shabani, R., & Ghafari, H. (2013). Investigating the effect of entrepreneurship tendency and marketing information on the performance of small and medium enterprises in Markazi province. Journal of Marketing Management, 21, 63-77, (In Persian).
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. (1981), Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(2), 39–50.
Haenlein, M., Kaplan A. M. (2004), A Beginner’s Guide to Partial Least Squares Analysis. Understanding statistics, 3(4), 283–297.
Hsu, Y. H. F. (2008), Intellectual capital and new product development performance: The mediating role of organizational learning capability. Technol. Forecast. Soc, 1(4), 59-73.
Hulland, J. (1999), Use of partial least square (PLS) in strategic management research: a review of four recent studies. Strategic Manage, 20, 195–204.
Javanmard, H., & Sakhaii, F. (2009). The Relationship between Individual Skills, Organizational Learning, Innovation and Organizational Performance in Small and Medium Industries of Markazi Province. Basirat Quarterly, 16(44), (In Persian).
Lauria, E. J. M., & Duchessi, P. J. (2007), A methodology for developing Bayesian networks: An application to information technology (IT) implementation. European Journal of Operational Research, 179(1), 234–252.
Lopez, D. C. (2008), Intellectual Capital in high-tech firms the case of Spain. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 9(1), 25-36.
Lumpkin, G.T., & Dess, G. G. (2001), Linking Two Dimensions of Entrepreneurial Orientation to Firm Performance: The Moderating Role of Environment and Industry Life Cycle. Journal of Business Venturing, 16, 429-451.
Marr, B. M. (2005), Defining Intellectual Capital: A Three-dimensional Approach. Management Decision, 43(9), 65-79.
Martinsons, M. G. (1995), Knowledge-based systems leverage human resource management expertise. International Journal of Manpow. 16(2), 17–34.
Pew Tan, H. H. (2007), Intellectual Capital and financial returns of companies. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 8(1), 76-95.
Preece, S. B., Miles, G., & Baetz, M. C. (1998), Explaining the international intensity and global diversity on early-stage technology-based firms. Journal of Business Venturing, 14, 259-281.
Rastogi, P. (2002), Knowledge management and intellectual capital as a paradigm of value creation. Human Systems Management, 21(3), 229-40.
Rauch, A., Wiklund, J., Lumpkin, G.T., & Frese, M. (2009), Entrepreneurial orientation and business performance: An assessment of past research and suggestion for the future. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33, 761–781.
Rothberg, G. S. (2009), Intellectual capital in business-to-business markets. Industrial Marketing Management, 2(1), 19-34.
Safdari, A., Azabans, M., Heratzadeh, S., & Shafiei, A. R. (2010). The Study of the Effect of Organizational Learning on Organizational Entrepreneurship among Organizations in Qazvin Province. Entrepreneurship Contest in Iran 1404, (In Persian).
Rashidi, M. M. (2010). The Relationship between Intellectual Capital and Organizational Learning Capabilities in the Institute of International Energy Studies. Quarterly of Management and Human Resources in the Oil Industry, 11, 59-76, (In Persian).
Tajeddini K. & Mueller S.L. (2012), corporate entrepreneurship in Switzerland: evidence from a case study of Swiss watches manufacturers. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 8(3), 355-372 .
Yang, B., Watkins, K. E. & Marsick, V. J. (2004), the construct of the learning organization: Dimensions, Measurement, and validation, Human Resources Development Quarterly, 15, 30-31.
Yang, S. & Kang, Hsin-Hong. (2008), Is synergy always good? Clarifying the effect of innovation capital and customer capital on firm performance in two contexts. Technovation 28, 667–678.
Zali, M. R., & Mokhabber, M. (2009). Entrepreneurial Learning of a New Approach to Organizational Learning. Social, Economic, and Scientific and Cultural Work and Society Monthly, (In Persian).