اثر میانجی فرهنگ‌سازمانی بر رابطه بین سبک‌رهبری مدیران و خلاقیت کارکنان (مورد مطالعه: بیمارستان مدرس شهرستان ساوه)
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت بازرگانیبهزاد شوقی 1 , طهمورث آقاجانی 2 , سیدمصطفی مرتضوی 3
1 - دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد ساوه، باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان، ساوه، ایران
2 - عضو هیأت علمی(مربی) دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد شهر قدس،گروه علوم پایه، شهر قدس، ایران
3 - کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت آموزشی،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحدساوه(مدیر منابع انسانی بیمارستان مدرس شهرستان ساوه)
کلید واژه: فرهنگ سازمانی, خلاقیت, سبک رهبری, بیمارستان مدرس,
چکیده مقاله :
این پژوهش با هدف بررسی تأثیر سبک رهبری مدیران بر خلاقیت کارکنان با توجه به نقش میانجی فرهنگ سازمانی در سال 1391 در بیمارستان مدرس شهرستان ساوه انجام گرفت. جامعه آماری تحقیق شامل 299 نفر از کارکنان بود که از این میان با استفاده از فرمول کوکران و روش نمونه گیری تصادفی ساده 168 نفر به عنوان حجم نمونه در نظر گرفته شد. روش جمع آوری داده ها بر اساس سه پرسشنامه سبک رهبری MLQ، خلاقیت تورنس و فرهنگ سازمانی دنیسون انجام گرفت. تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات با استفاده از روش مدل سازی معادلات ساختاری و به کمک دو نرم افزار LISREL 8.8و Smart PLS 2 در دو بخش مدل اندازه گیری و بخش ساختاری صورت پذیرفت. در بخش مدل اندازه گیری ویژگی های فنی پرسشنامه بررسی گردید و اصلاحات لازم اعمال شد و در بخش ساختاری، ضرایب ساختاری مدل برای بررسی فرضیه های پژوهش مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. نتایج پژوهش حاکی از تأثیر مثبت و معنادار سبک رهبری مدیران بر خلاقیت کارکنان از یک سو و از سوی دیگر تأثیر معنادار متغیر میانجی فرهنگ سازمانی بر رابطه ی میان سبک رهبری و خلاقیت می باشد.
This research was conducted with the aim of studying the impact of managers' leadership style on employees' creativity with regard to the mediating role of organizational culture in Modares Hospital of Saveh in 2012. The statistical Population included 299 employees. By using Cochran formula and method of random sampling, 168 people were selected as the sample. Data collection was conducted based on three questionnaires, including leadership style questionnaire (MLQ), Torrance creativity and Denison organizational culture scales. Data analysis was conducted by using structural equations modeling method and with the help of Smart Pls 2 and LISREL 8.8 softwares in two parts of measurement model and the structural section. In the first part, technical characteristics consisting of reliability, convergent validity, and divergent validity were examined and the required modification was done. In the second part, the significant coefficients of software were used to evaluate the research hypotheses. The results showed that managers' leadership style had a positive and significant impact on employees' creativity; also, the findings showed that the mediating variable of organizational culture had a significant impact on the relationship between leadership style and creativity.
Arabic, A., Azizi, Gh., Shoghi, B., & Dehghan Najmabadi, A. (2012). Explaining the Relationship between Organizational Culture and Staff Creativity (Case Study: Pars Rubber Co.). First International Conference on Management, Innovation and National Production, (In Persian).
Bass, B. M., & Bass, R. (2008), The bass handbook of leadership: theory, research, and managerial applications (4th ed.). New York: Free Press
Bass,B.M., & Avoloo,B.J. (2000), Potential Biases in leadership Measures: How Prototypis. Leniency and General Satisfaction Relate Rating and Rankings of Transformational and Transactional Leadership Construct Educational and Psychological Measurement, Vol 49(12), pp 112-132
Bolanowski, D.(2008), The Leadership Perspective of Promoting Creativity and Innovation: A case study of an R&D organization. Uppsala University, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, M.A thesis, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Business Studies
Castiglione, J.(2008), Facilitating employee creativity in the library environment: An important managerial concern for library administrators. Library management, 29, Pp:35-52
Cho, S., &Tseng, P.F. (2009), Leadership in the 2008 financial crisis: Understanding dimensions of Transformational & Transactional leadership during financial crisis in financial institutions. M.A thesis, Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, EMM (Entrepreneurship, Marketing, Management)
Denison, D. R. (2000), Organizational culture: Can it be a key lever for driving organizational change. In S. Cartwright & C. Cooper (Eds.), the handbook of organizational culture. London: John Wiley & Sons
Denison, D; Janovics, G; Young, G; Cho, J, H. (2006), Diagnosing Organizational Cultures: Validating a Model and Method, http://www.denisonconsulting.com
Dong, W., Zhongfeng, S. and Dongtao, Y. (2011), Organizational culture and knowledge creation capability. Journal of knowledge management, 15(3),Pp: 363-373
Esposito-Vinzi, V., Wynne, W., Chin, W.W., Henseler, J., Wang, H. (Eds.), (2010), Handbook of Partial Least Squares: Concepts, Methods and Applications. Springer Verlag, New York
Gumusluoglu, L., Ilsey,A.(2009), Transformational leadership, creativity, and organizational innovation. Journal of Business Research, 62(9), PP461-473
Hair J.F.,Jr., Black W.C., Babin B.J., Anderson R. E., Tatham R.L.,(2010), Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.) New Jersy: Pearson Education
Hulland, J. (1999), ‘Use of partial least squares (PLS) in strategic management research: A review of four recent studies. Strategic Management Journal, 20(2), Pp:195–204
Jalili, F. (2007). Investigating the Relationship between Organizational Culture and Organizational Creativity from the Point of View of the Managers and Teachers of Secondary Schools in the Four Districts of Shiraz. Master's Thesis, Shiraz: Shiraz University, (In Persian).
Julia, C.(2011), Innovation or imitation? The role of organizational culture. Management Decision, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 49(1), pp: 55-72
Karmainia, R., Salimi, S. H., & Amini, A. (2010). Relationship between leadership Style and Culture and Organizational Commitment in law Enforcement Forces. Journal of Military Medicine, 12(2), 65-70, (In Persian).
Keskin, H. (2006), Learning orientation, and innovation capabilities in SMEs. Europe Journal Innovation Management, 9(4), PP: 396-417
Kline, R. B. (2010), Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3th Ed.). New York: Guilford Press
Lau, C. and Ngo, H. (2004), The HR system, organizational culture, and product innovation. International Business Review,13(6), Pp:685-703
Lim, J, Y. & Croartie, F. (2001), Transformational Leadership Organizational Culture and Organizational Effectiveness in Sport Organizations. The Sport Journal.Vol4 (2), pp: 111-169.
Makel, M. and Plucker, J. (2008), Handbook of Giftedness in Children. Pp:247-270.
Moghli, A., & Maleki Tabas, F. (2009). The Relationship between Organizational Culture and Organizational Creativity in Government Organizations. Management Research, 2(6), 97-123, (In Persian).
Nguyen, H.N. (2010), the Impact of Leadership Behaviours and Organizational Culture on Knowledge Management Practices in Small and Medium Enterprises. Doctoral Thesis, Griffith School of Engineering Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology Griffith University.
Pablo Pelayo, B. & Zheng, W. (2009), A discussion of motivation for creativity within the business context: From the perspective of the Generation Y. M.A thesis, University of Kalmar, Baltic Business School.
Pavlou, P. A., & Gefen, D. (2004), Building effective online marketplaces with institution-based trust. Information Systems Research, Vol. 15, No. 1, 35–53.
Pirikhayefi, A. (2005). Creativity: The Basics and Research Methods. Tehran: Hezareh Ghoghnos Publishing, (In Persian).
Rafferty, A. E.,& Griffin, M.A.(2009), Dimensions of transformational leadership: conceptual and empirical extensions. The leadership quarterly, vol 15, issue 3, pp 329-359.
Rahimnia, F., & Alizadeh, M. (2009). Investigating the Dimensions of Organizational Culture based on Denison's model for the Faculty Members of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Journal of Educational Studies and Psychology, 35, 147-170, (In Persian).
Ramanaidu, S.K.(2011),Uncovering The Relationship between Transformational Leadership, Organizational Culture, Affective Commitment and Employee Performance: The Case of a Malaysian Educational Institution. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Newcastle. Faculty of Business and Law, Newcastle Business School.
Randall, F. D. (2008), Stimulate your executives to think creativity. Harvard Business Review,8(3),Pp:79-95.
Rezaei, S., & Manouchehri, M. (2008). Examine the Validity and Standardization of the Tournus Creativity Test among Teacher High School Teachers. Journal of Psychology and Education, 3, 47-68, (In Persian).
Rivard, S., and Huff, S. L. (1988), "Factors of Success for End-User Computing" Communications of the ACM (31:5), May 1988, pp. 552-561
Robbins, S. (2011). Organizational Behavior (Concepts, Theories, and Applications). Translated by: A. Parsayian & S. M. Arabi, Tehran: Publications of the Cultural Research, (In Persian).
Robbins, S. P. (2005)," Essential of organizational behavior", 8th.Ed-nj.Pearson on education.
Rowold,J.(2009), Relationship between Leadership Style and Followers Emotional Experience and Effectiveness in the Voluntary Sector. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly,38(2), pp:270-289
Samad Aghaei, G. (2009). Individual and Group Creativity Techniques. Tehran: Public Management Center for Public Administration Education, (In Persian).
Shoghi, B., & Shoghi, A. (2012). leadership Styles (Concepts, Definitions and Theories). Tehran: Razeh Nahan Publications, (In Persian).
Shoghi, B., & Mortazavi, S. M. (2012). Individual and Organizational Creativity. Tehran: Razneh Nahan Publications, (In Persian).
Shoghi, B. (2012). Relationship between Factors Affecting Enterprise Entrepreneurship in the Metal Industries of Kaveh Industrial City. Master's Thesis, Saveh: Islamic Azad University, (In Persian).
Shoghi, B., Rezaei, A., & Rezai, H. (2012). Explaining the Relationship between Transformational Leadership and Staff Creativity (Case Study: Pars Rubber Co.). First National Conference on Management and Entrepreneurship, (In Persian).
Shoghi,B. Mortazavi,S.M. (2012), The Relationship between Managers' leadership style and Employee Creativity using Sashkin Model. Archieves Des Sience Journal,65(9), Pp:118-131
Skakon, J., Nielsen, K., Borg, V., & Guzman, J. (2010), Are leaders’ wellbeing, behaviors and style associated with the affective wellbeing of their employees? A systematic review of three decades of research. Work & Stress, 24, 147-139
Subramaniam, M; Youndt, M. A. (2005), "The Influence of Intellectual Capital on the Types of Innovative Capabilities", Acad Manage J, Vol. 48, No. 3, pp: 450-463
Tseng, S. M. (2010), "The correlation between organizational culture and knowledge conversion on corporate performance", Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 14 No. 2, pp. 269-84
Valencia,N., Sanz,R. and Jimennez, J.(2010), Organization culture as determinant of product innovation. European Journal of Innovation Management,13(4), 466-480
Wang, D; Su, Z. f; Yang, D. (2011), "Organizational culture and knowledge creation capability", Journal of Knowledge Managemnet, 15, 363-373.
_||_Arabic, A., Azizi, Gh., Shoghi, B., & Dehghan Najmabadi, A. (2012). Explaining the Relationship between Organizational Culture and Staff Creativity (Case Study: Pars Rubber Co.). First International Conference on Management, Innovation and National Production, (In Persian).
Bass, B. M., & Bass, R. (2008), The bass handbook of leadership: theory, research, and managerial applications (4th ed.). New York: Free Press
Bass,B.M., & Avoloo,B.J. (2000), Potential Biases in leadership Measures: How Prototypis. Leniency and General Satisfaction Relate Rating and Rankings of Transformational and Transactional Leadership Construct Educational and Psychological Measurement, Vol 49(12), pp 112-132
Bolanowski, D.(2008), The Leadership Perspective of Promoting Creativity and Innovation: A case study of an R&D organization. Uppsala University, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, M.A thesis, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Business Studies
Castiglione, J.(2008), Facilitating employee creativity in the library environment: An important managerial concern for library administrators. Library management, 29, Pp:35-52
Cho, S., &Tseng, P.F. (2009), Leadership in the 2008 financial crisis: Understanding dimensions of Transformational & Transactional leadership during financial crisis in financial institutions. M.A thesis, Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, EMM (Entrepreneurship, Marketing, Management)
Denison, D. R. (2000), Organizational culture: Can it be a key lever for driving organizational change. In S. Cartwright & C. Cooper (Eds.), the handbook of organizational culture. London: John Wiley & Sons
Denison, D; Janovics, G; Young, G; Cho, J, H. (2006), Diagnosing Organizational Cultures: Validating a Model and Method, http://www.denisonconsulting.com
Dong, W., Zhongfeng, S. and Dongtao, Y. (2011), Organizational culture and knowledge creation capability. Journal of knowledge management, 15(3),Pp: 363-373
Esposito-Vinzi, V., Wynne, W., Chin, W.W., Henseler, J., Wang, H. (Eds.), (2010), Handbook of Partial Least Squares: Concepts, Methods and Applications. Springer Verlag, New York
Gumusluoglu, L., Ilsey,A.(2009), Transformational leadership, creativity, and organizational innovation. Journal of Business Research, 62(9), PP461-473
Hair J.F.,Jr., Black W.C., Babin B.J., Anderson R. E., Tatham R.L.,(2010), Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.) New Jersy: Pearson Education
Hulland, J. (1999), ‘Use of partial least squares (PLS) in strategic management research: A review of four recent studies. Strategic Management Journal, 20(2), Pp:195–204
Jalili, F. (2007). Investigating the Relationship between Organizational Culture and Organizational Creativity from the Point of View of the Managers and Teachers of Secondary Schools in the Four Districts of Shiraz. Master's Thesis, Shiraz: Shiraz University, (In Persian).
Julia, C.(2011), Innovation or imitation? The role of organizational culture. Management Decision, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 49(1), pp: 55-72
Karmainia, R., Salimi, S. H., & Amini, A. (2010). Relationship between leadership Style and Culture and Organizational Commitment in law Enforcement Forces. Journal of Military Medicine, 12(2), 65-70, (In Persian).
Keskin, H. (2006), Learning orientation, and innovation capabilities in SMEs. Europe Journal Innovation Management, 9(4), PP: 396-417
Kline, R. B. (2010), Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3th Ed.). New York: Guilford Press
Lau, C. and Ngo, H. (2004), The HR system, organizational culture, and product innovation. International Business Review,13(6), Pp:685-703
Lim, J, Y. & Croartie, F. (2001), Transformational Leadership Organizational Culture and Organizational Effectiveness in Sport Organizations. The Sport Journal.Vol4 (2), pp: 111-169.
Makel, M. and Plucker, J. (2008), Handbook of Giftedness in Children. Pp:247-270.
Moghli, A., & Maleki Tabas, F. (2009). The Relationship between Organizational Culture and Organizational Creativity in Government Organizations. Management Research, 2(6), 97-123, (In Persian).
Nguyen, H.N. (2010), the Impact of Leadership Behaviours and Organizational Culture on Knowledge Management Practices in Small and Medium Enterprises. Doctoral Thesis, Griffith School of Engineering Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology Griffith University.
Pablo Pelayo, B. & Zheng, W. (2009), A discussion of motivation for creativity within the business context: From the perspective of the Generation Y. M.A thesis, University of Kalmar, Baltic Business School.
Pavlou, P. A., & Gefen, D. (2004), Building effective online marketplaces with institution-based trust. Information Systems Research, Vol. 15, No. 1, 35–53.
Pirikhayefi, A. (2005). Creativity: The Basics and Research Methods. Tehran: Hezareh Ghoghnos Publishing, (In Persian).
Rafferty, A. E.,& Griffin, M.A.(2009), Dimensions of transformational leadership: conceptual and empirical extensions. The leadership quarterly, vol 15, issue 3, pp 329-359.
Rahimnia, F., & Alizadeh, M. (2009). Investigating the Dimensions of Organizational Culture based on Denison's model for the Faculty Members of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Journal of Educational Studies and Psychology, 35, 147-170, (In Persian).
Ramanaidu, S.K.(2011),Uncovering The Relationship between Transformational Leadership, Organizational Culture, Affective Commitment and Employee Performance: The Case of a Malaysian Educational Institution. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Newcastle. Faculty of Business and Law, Newcastle Business School.
Randall, F. D. (2008), Stimulate your executives to think creativity. Harvard Business Review,8(3),Pp:79-95.
Rezaei, S., & Manouchehri, M. (2008). Examine the Validity and Standardization of the Tournus Creativity Test among Teacher High School Teachers. Journal of Psychology and Education, 3, 47-68, (In Persian).
Rivard, S., and Huff, S. L. (1988), "Factors of Success for End-User Computing" Communications of the ACM (31:5), May 1988, pp. 552-561
Robbins, S. (2011). Organizational Behavior (Concepts, Theories, and Applications). Translated by: A. Parsayian & S. M. Arabi, Tehran: Publications of the Cultural Research, (In Persian).
Robbins, S. P. (2005)," Essential of organizational behavior", 8th.Ed-nj.Pearson on education.
Rowold,J.(2009), Relationship between Leadership Style and Followers Emotional Experience and Effectiveness in the Voluntary Sector. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly,38(2), pp:270-289
Samad Aghaei, G. (2009). Individual and Group Creativity Techniques. Tehran: Public Management Center for Public Administration Education, (In Persian).
Shoghi, B., & Shoghi, A. (2012). leadership Styles (Concepts, Definitions and Theories). Tehran: Razeh Nahan Publications, (In Persian).
Shoghi, B., & Mortazavi, S. M. (2012). Individual and Organizational Creativity. Tehran: Razneh Nahan Publications, (In Persian).
Shoghi, B. (2012). Relationship between Factors Affecting Enterprise Entrepreneurship in the Metal Industries of Kaveh Industrial City. Master's Thesis, Saveh: Islamic Azad University, (In Persian).
Shoghi, B., Rezaei, A., & Rezai, H. (2012). Explaining the Relationship between Transformational Leadership and Staff Creativity (Case Study: Pars Rubber Co.). First National Conference on Management and Entrepreneurship, (In Persian).
Shoghi,B. Mortazavi,S.M. (2012), The Relationship between Managers' leadership style and Employee Creativity using Sashkin Model. Archieves Des Sience Journal,65(9), Pp:118-131
Skakon, J., Nielsen, K., Borg, V., & Guzman, J. (2010), Are leaders’ wellbeing, behaviors and style associated with the affective wellbeing of their employees? A systematic review of three decades of research. Work & Stress, 24, 147-139
Subramaniam, M; Youndt, M. A. (2005), "The Influence of Intellectual Capital on the Types of Innovative Capabilities", Acad Manage J, Vol. 48, No. 3, pp: 450-463
Tseng, S. M. (2010), "The correlation between organizational culture and knowledge conversion on corporate performance", Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 14 No. 2, pp. 269-84
Valencia,N., Sanz,R. and Jimennez, J.(2010), Organization culture as determinant of product innovation. European Journal of Innovation Management,13(4), 466-480
Wang, D; Su, Z. f; Yang, D. (2011), "Organizational culture and knowledge creation capability", Journal of Knowledge Managemnet, 15, 363-373.