توسعه شبکه‌های بین بنگاهی راهکار به‌کارگیری ظرفیت بلااستفاده بنگاه‌های کوچک و متوسط تولیدی: ارائه نظریه داده بنیاد
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت بازرگانیمحسن نظری 1 , طهمورث حسنقلی پور 2 , غلامرضا سلیمانی 3 , سیدمجتبی موسوی نقابی 4
1 - دانشیار، اقتصاد، گروه مدیریت بازرگانی، دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران
2 - دانشیار، مدیریت، گروه مدیریت بازرگانی، دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران،
3 - دکترا، مدیریت بازاریابی، معاون صنایع کوچک سازمان صنایع کوچک و شهرکهای صنعتی ایران،
4 - دانشجوی دکتری، مدیریت بازرگانی، دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران
کلید واژه: تولیدی, شبکه بین‌بنگاهی, ظرفیت بلااستفاده, به کارگیری, بنگاه‌های کوچک و متوسط,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف پژوهش حاضر، تدوین مدل بکارگیری ظرفیت بلااستفاده بنگاه های کوچک و متوسط تولیدی است، که برای این منظور از روش تحقیق نظریه داده بنیاد استفاده شده است. داده های کیفی جمع آوری شده ازطریق مصاحبه بامدیران بنگاه ها و خبرگان و همچنین مطالعه مستندات مرتبط، طی مراحل سه گانه کدگذاری باز، محوری و گزینشی مورد تحلیل قرارگرفته و مدل تحقیق تدوین گردید. بنابر نتایج تحقیق، هم عوامل سطح ملی و هم عوامل سطح بنگاه بر بلااستفاده ماندن ظرفیت تولیدی مؤثرند. همچنین بکارگیری ظرفیت های بلااستفاده، مستلزم ایجاد و توسعه شبکه های بین بنگاهی است؛ تا از این طریق امکان واگذاری ظرفیت بلااستفاده به سایر بنگاه ها فراهم آید. بنابراین، می بایست هم‌زمان استراتژی های سطح ملی بسترسازی و حمایت از توسعه شبکه های بین بنگاهی و استراتژی های سطح رشته صنعت ایجاد شبکه های بین بنگاهی اجرایی شوند. اما عوامل محیطی مانند قوانین و مقررات، عوامل اقتصادی،عوامل فرهنگی و عوامل سیاسی، بر موفقیت استراتژی های حمایت از به کارگیری ظرفیت های بلااستفاده بسیار تأثیرگذارند. پیامدهای به کارگیری ظرفیت بلااستفاده بنگاه ها نیز در دو سطح کلان و سطح بنگاه قابل شناسایی هستند. اشتغال‌زایی با صرف هزینه و زمان بسیار کمتر، اجتناب از تبعات بیکاری و افزایش بهره وری ملی ازجمله مهم ترین منافع کلان به کارگیری ظرفیت های بلااستفاده است.
Presently, the production capacity of many small and mediuminstitution are untapped. This leads to the reduction of productivity andcompetitive power both at national and institutional level. Thus, theobjective of this study was to codify a model to make use of theseuntapped capacities. To do so, the research method of grounded theorywas used. To gather the data, the managers of the institutions and expertswere interviewed. The related documentaries through the three phasic ofcoding i.e. open, axial and selective were analyzed. The result showedthat both national and institutional level factors effected the untappedproduction capacity. Using untapped capacities requires the formationand development of trans-institutional networks, so as the possibility oftransferring untapped capacities to other institutions be provided.Therefore, the national level strategies and support for trans-institutionnetworks and the strategies of industry level should be simultaneouslyimplemented. But the environmental factors such as law and order,economical, cultural, political factors affect the success of usinguntapped capacities. The outcomes of using untapped capacities wouldbe obvious on both macro and micro level, such as creating jobs,avoiding unemployment, and increasing national productivity for macroand on micro-level, cost and benefit for employers and contractors couldbe mentioned
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Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1998), Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks, USA.
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_||_Basant, R. (2002), Knowledge flows and industrial clusters: an analytical review of literature.
Bazargan, A. (2009), Sociology of information society. Tehran: Didar Publishers, (In Persian).
Birks, M., & Mills, J. (2011), Grounded theory: A practical guide: Sage publications.
Ceglie, G. (2003), Cluster and network development: examples and lessons from UNIDO experience. In Proceedings of the Conference on Clusters, Industrial Districts and Firms: The Challenge of Globalization, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena.
Chen, Y. F., Drezner, Z., Ryan, J. K., & Simchi-Levi, D. (2000), Quantifying the Bullwhip Effect in a Simple Supply Chain: The Impact of Forecasting, Lead Times and Information. Management Science, 46, 436-443.
Chetty, S., & Blankenburg, H. D. (2000), Internationalisation of small to medium-sized manufacturing firms: a network approach. International Business Review, 9(1), 77-93.
Cooke, P. (2002), Knowledge economies: Clusters, learning and cooperative advantage. Routledge.
Creswell, J. W. (2007), Qualitative Inquiry & Research Design-Choosing among Five Approaches: Sage Publications. Thousand Oaks, California.
Danaeifard, H., & Emami, S. M. (2007), Strategies of Qualitative Research: A Reflection on Grounded Theory, Strategic Management Thought. 2. 69-97, (In Persian).
De Beuckelaer, A., & Wagner, S. M. (2007), Qualitative and quantitative international research: The issue of overlooking alternative explanations. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 13(3), 213-215.
De Maeseneire, W., & Claeys, T. (2012), SMEs, foreign direct investment and financial constraints: The case of Belgium. International Business Review, 21(3), 408-424.
Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2011), The SAGE handbook of qualitative research: Sage.
Dey, I. (2007), Grounding categories. The Sage handbook of grounded theory.
Eaves, Y. D. (2001), A synthesis technique for grounded theory data analysis. Journal of advanced nursing, 35(5), 654-663.
Felzensztein, C., & Gimmon, E. (2008), Industrial Clusters and Social Networking for enhancing inter-firm cooperation: The case of natural resources-based industries in Chile. Journal of business market management, 2(4), 187-202.
Flint, D., Gammelgaard, B., Manuj, I., & Pohlen, T. L. (2012), A reviewer's guide to the grounded theory methodology in logistics and supply chain management research. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 42(8/9), 784-803.
Gilmore, A., Carson, D., & Rocks, S. (2006), Networking in SMEs: Evaluating its contribution to marketing activity. International Business Review, 15(3), 278-293.
Giuliani, E. (2007), The selective nature of knowledge networks in clusters: evidence from the wine industry. Journal of economic geography, 7(2), 139-168.
Glaser, B., & Strauss, A. (1967), The discovery grounded theory: strategies for qualitative inquiry. Aldin, Chicago.
Glaser, B. G. (1978), Theoretical sensitivity: Advances in the methodology of grounded theory: Sociology Pr.
Goulding, C. (2002), Grounded theory: A practical guide for management, business and market researchers: Sage.
Hood, J. C., Bryant, A., & Charmaz, K. (2007), Orthodoxy vs. power: The defining traits of grounded theory. The Sage handbook of grounded theory, 151-164.
Iran Small Industries and Industrial Parks Organization (ISIPO), (2016),Accessed at:http://isipo.ir/?part=menu&inc=menu&id=67 /, (In Persian).
Jones, O., & Tilley, F. (2003), Competitive advantage in SMEs: Organising for innovation and entrepreneurship: Chichester: Wiley.
kagarbarzi, A., jalaei, S. A., & pourrezagholi, H. (2015), The effect of unemployment on occurence of crime in Kerman Province (Case study: theft),. Knowledge Disciplinary of Kerman, 9. 18-30, (In Persian).
Karaev, A., Koh, S. C. L., & Szamosi, L. T. (2007), The cluster approach and SME competitiveness: a review. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 18(7), 818-835.
Kendall, J. (1999), Axial coding and the grounded theory controversy. Western journal of nursing research, 21(6), 743-757.
Kothari, C. (2004), Research methodology: Methods and techniques: New Age International.
kuzegari mameghani, Z. (2015),Survey planning and analysis of break-even and profit levers. International Conference on Accounting and Management, (In Persian).
Lake, P. W. (2004), Business networks within a regional industrial cluster. University of Southern Queensland.
Lee, J. (2001), A grounded theory: integration and internalization in ERP adoption and use.
Lodge, M., & Hood, C. (2005), Symposium introduction: competency and higher civil servants. Public administration, 83(4), 779-787.
Martin, V. B., & Gynnild, A. (2011), Grounded theory: the philosophy, method, and work of Barney Glaser: Universal-Publishers.
McCann, B. T., & Folta, T. B. (2008), Location matters: where we have been and where we might go in agglomeration research. Journal of Management, 34(3), 532-565.
McFerran, K. S., & Saarikallio, S. (2014), Depending on music to feel better: Being conscious of responsibility when appropriating the power of music. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 41(1), 89-97.
Mesquita, L. F. (2007),Starting over when the bickering never ends: Rebuilding aggregate trust among clustered firms through trust facilitators. Academy of Management Review, 32(1), 72-91.
Miller, D. C., & Salkind, N. J. (2002), Handbook of research design and social measurement: Sage.
Miller, N. J., Besser, T. L., & Sattler Weber, S. (2010), Networking as marketing strategy:a case study of small community businesses. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal,13(3), 253-270.
Mjøset, L. (2005), Can grounded theory solve the problems of its critics. Sosiologisk tidsskrift, 13(4), 379-408.
Newman, L. R. (2015), Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. A. Faghihi. & A. Aghaz. Tehran: Termeh Publishers, (In Persian).
Nwankwo, S., & Gbadamosi, T. (2010), Entrepreneurship marketing: principles and practice of SME marketing: Routledge.
O'Dwyer, M., Gilmore, A., & Carson, D. (2009), Innovative marketing in SMEs: a theoretical framework. European Business Review, 21(6), 504-515.
Oktay, J. S. (2012), Grounded theory: Oxford University Press.
Padgett, D. (2004), The qualitative research experience: Wadsworth/ Thomson Learning.
Schreiber, R. S., & Stern, P. N. (2001), Using grounded theory in nursing: Springer Publishing Company.
Scott, H. (2009), Data analysis: Getting conceptual. The grounded theory review, 8(2), 89-112.
Strauss, A. & Corbin, J. M. (2013), Basics of qualitative research: grounded theory procedures and techniques. A. Ebrahim. Tehran: Ney Publishers, (In Persian).
Shajari, H., Ostadi, H., & Sorayya, SH. (2014), A Survey of effective factors on Total Factor Productivity (TFP) (The Case Study of petrochemical Industries in Iran). Financial Economics and Development (Economics Journal), 27. 65-88, (In Persian).
Smith, K. (2008), A Grounded Theory Analysis of how College Students Search for Health Information on the Internet: The Case of HIV/AIDS: ProQuest.
Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1998), Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks, USA.
Suddaby, R. (2006), From the editors: What grounded theory is not. Academy of management journal, 49(4), 633-642.
Thornton, S. C., Henneberg, S. C., & Naudé, P. (2013), Understanding types of organizational networking behaviors in the UK manufacturing sector. Industrial Marketing Management, 42(7), 1154-1166.
Wagner, S. M., Lukassen, P., & Mahlendorf, M. (2010), Misused and missed use-Grounded Theory and Objective Hermeneutics as methods for research in industrial marketing. Industrial Marketing Management, 39(1), 5-15.
Zaheer, A., Gulati, R., & Nohria, N. (2000), Strategic networks. Strategic management journal, 21(3), 203.