ارائه مدلی به‌منظور سنجش اقتصاد دانش‌بنیاد در ایران
محورهای موضوعی : اقتصاد
ناصرعلی عظیمی
1
(استادیار گروه اقتصاد علم، مرکز تحقیقات سیاست علمی کشور، تهران، ایران.)
کلید واژه: توسعه اقتصادی, اقتصاد دانش‌بنیان, مدل‌های سنجش اقتصاد دانش‌بنیان,
چکیده مقاله :
توسعه دانش در اقتصادهای امروزی به‌عنوان جزء جدایی‌ناپذیر برنامه‌های توسعه اقتصادی شناخته می‌شود. عرصه رقابتی اقتصاد جهانی موجب شده است که نقش دانش بیش از گذشته مورد توجه سیاست‌گذاران توسعه اقتصادی قرار گیرد. تجارب کشورهای پیشرو در توسعه اقتصادی، نشان می‌دهد که بنیان‌های توسعه دانش در اقتصاد نقش اساسی در افزایش توان رقابتی در اقتصاد جهانی دارد. از این‌رو شناسایی نقاط ضعف و قوت توسعه دانش در اقتصاد برای کشورها به‌عنوان یک ابزار برای تصمیم‌گیری‌های صحیح در راستای افزایش جایگاه رقابتی‌شان مطرح می‌شود. برای دستیابی به این هدف، توسعه روش‌های سنجش اقتصاد دانش‌بنیاد از دهه 1990 مورد توجه نهادهای بین‌المللی و منطقه‌ای قرار گرفته است. مشخصه اصلی مدل‌های رایج تمرکز بر مشخصات کشورهای توسعه‌یافته است. در این مقاله با هدف دستیابی به روش سنجش کارا برای اقتصاد دانش‌بنیاد در ایران، مدل پیشنهادی در قالب چهار بنیان اصلی و دوازده بُعد و چهل و سه شاخص قابل‌اندازه‌گیری با به‌کارگیری روش تطبیقی و پرسشنامه‌ای ارائه شده‌است. مدل پیشنهادی از مشخصاتی نظیر جامعیت، قابلیت اندازه‌گیری، کارایی، مقایسه‌پذیری و غیره برخوردار است. این مدل می‌تواند به‌عنوان مدل بومی برای سنجش میزان آمادگی بنیان‌های اقتصاد دانش‌بنیاد و توسعه این بنیان‌ها در مقایسه با سایر کشورها برای ایران به کار گرفته شود.
an indispensable part of economic development programs in today's economies is considered to be Knowledge development. The competitive world economy has highlighted the role of knowledge for economic development policymakers than ever before. The experiences of leading prosperous countries that have reached economic development show that knowledge development foundations play a key role in increasing competitiveness in the global economy. Therefore, identifying the strengths and weaknesses of economic knowledge development is a prerequisite tool for making the right decisions to increase national economic competitiveness. To achieve this goal, international and regional institutions have attempted to design measurement methods to assess the knowledge-based economy since the 1990s. The main feature of existing models is their exclusive focus on the specifications in developed countries. The current study, however, deals with achieving an efficient measurement method for the knowledge-based economy in Iran. The proposed model is reliant on four main bases, 12 dimensions and 43 measurable indicators using a comparative method and a questionnaire. It comprises features such as comprehensiveness, measurability, efficiency, comparability, etc. and can be used as a native model to measure the comparative readiness and development of Iranian knowledge-based economy foundations.
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Azizi, F., & Moradi, F. (2018). Calculating the Index and Sub-Indices of Knowledge-Based Economy for Iran. Quarterly Journal of Economic Research and Policies-270-243,(85)26.[In Persian]
Bank, W. (2008). Measuring Knowledge In the World’s Economics. Washington, D, 1-12.
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Chen, D. H., & Dahlman, C. J. (2004). Knowledge and Development, a Cross-Section Approach, . World Bank Policy Research, Working Paper 3366, Washington, DC: World Bank, 1-88.
Chen, D., & Dahlman, C. (2005). The knowledge economy, the KAM methodology and World Bank operations. . World Bank Institute Working, 1-42.
Dahlman, Carl J., (2002). Knowledge for Development, Opportunities, WBI Development Studies, Washington, DC: World Ban
Krisciunas, K & Daugeliene, R. (2006), the Assessment Models of Knowledge-Based Economy Penetration, Enegineering Economics, 5)50).
Landefeld, J., & Fraumeni, B. M. (2000). / J.S., Landefeld, B. M., Fraumeni, Paper presented at the May 5, 2000. meeting of the BEA Advisory Committee.
Machlup, F. (1984). Knowledge: Its Creation, Distrubution and Economic Significance. Princeton University Press, 1-304.
Mansfield, E. (1995). Intellectual property protection, direct investment, and technology transfer: Germany, Japan, and the United States. The World Bank.
OECD.(1996). the Knowledge Based Economy. Paris, 1-34.
Shamsi, M., & Nourmohammadi, H. (2018). An Analytical Study of Evaluative Indicators and Models of Science and Technology in order to Offer a Model for Measuring and Evaluating the Performance of Science and Technology Knowledge-based Companies in Iran. Iranian Journal of Information Processing and Management, 2(34),534-517. [In Persian]
Shapira, Philip, Youtie, Jan & Yogeesvaran, K, (2005) Knowledge Economy Measurement: Methods, Results and Insights from Malaysian Knowledge Content Study, Triple Helix 5 Conference, Italy,, 1-20.
Trewin, D. (2002). Measuring a Knowledge-based economy and society-An Australian frame work. Australian Bureau of statistics. Discussion paper.
UNECE, .. (2002). Towards a Knowledge-based Economy, Country Readiness Assessment Report: Concept, Outline, Benchmarking and Indicators. New York – Geneva, p. 72,.
APEC Economic Committee, (2000), Towards a Knowledge Based Economy- Europe and Central Asia: Internet Development and Governance, Switzerand, 1-228.
World Bank, Knowledge for Development (K4D), Booklet, Washington, DC, 2008.
_||_APEC.(2000). Towards Knowledge-Based Economy in APEC. Singapore.
APEC. (2002). the New Economy in APEC: Innovations, Digital, Divide and Policy. Singapore, 1-228.
Atkinson, R. (2002). The 2002 state new economy index: Benchmarking economic transformation in the states. Progressive Policy Institute, 1-58.
Azizi, F., & Moradi, F. (2018). Calculating the Index and Sub-Indices of Knowledge-Based Economy for Iran. Quarterly Journal of Economic Research and Policies-270-243,(85)26.[In Persian]
Bank, W. (2008). Measuring Knowledge In the World’s Economics. Washington, D, 1-12.
Barkhordari, S., & Azimi, N.(2009). Human Capital, Knowledge-Based Economy and Iran's Position among Developing Countries. International Conference on Intellectual Capital,. Zanjan. [In Persian]
Barkhordari, S., & Azimi, N. (2010). Foundations of Knowledge-Based Economics. Tehran: National Scientific Policy Research Center. [In Persian]
Chen, D. H., & Dahlman, C. J. (2004). Knowledge and Development, a Cross-Section Approach, . World Bank Policy Research, Working Paper 3366, Washington, DC: World Bank, 1-88.
Chen, D., & Dahlman, C. (2005). The knowledge economy, the KAM methodology and World Bank operations. . World Bank Institute Working, 1-42.
Dahlman, Carl J., (2002). Knowledge for Development, Opportunities, WBI Development Studies, Washington, DC: World Ban
Krisciunas, K & Daugeliene, R. (2006), the Assessment Models of Knowledge-Based Economy Penetration, Enegineering Economics, 5)50).
Landefeld, J., & Fraumeni, B. M. (2000). / J.S., Landefeld, B. M., Fraumeni, Paper presented at the May 5, 2000. meeting of the BEA Advisory Committee.
Machlup, F. (1984). Knowledge: Its Creation, Distrubution and Economic Significance. Princeton University Press, 1-304.
Mansfield, E. (1995). Intellectual property protection, direct investment, and technology transfer: Germany, Japan, and the United States. The World Bank.
OECD.(1996). the Knowledge Based Economy. Paris, 1-34.
Shamsi, M., & Nourmohammadi, H. (2018). An Analytical Study of Evaluative Indicators and Models of Science and Technology in order to Offer a Model for Measuring and Evaluating the Performance of Science and Technology Knowledge-based Companies in Iran. Iranian Journal of Information Processing and Management, 2(34),534-517. [In Persian]
Shapira, Philip, Youtie, Jan & Yogeesvaran, K, (2005) Knowledge Economy Measurement: Methods, Results and Insights from Malaysian Knowledge Content Study, Triple Helix 5 Conference, Italy,, 1-20.
Trewin, D. (2002). Measuring a Knowledge-based economy and society-An Australian frame work. Australian Bureau of statistics. Discussion paper.
UNECE, .. (2002). Towards a Knowledge-based Economy, Country Readiness Assessment Report: Concept, Outline, Benchmarking and Indicators. New York – Geneva, p. 72,.
APEC Economic Committee, (2000), Towards a Knowledge Based Economy- Europe and Central Asia: Internet Development and Governance, Switzerand, 1-228.
World Bank, Knowledge for Development (K4D), Booklet, Washington, DC, 2008.