ارائه مدل کارآفرینی سازمانی با رویکرد انحراف مثبت در صنایع دیجیتال نوپا
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت بازرگانیمحمد حسین صیرفی نفیس 1 , فریز طاهری کیا 2 , بهناز خوش طینت 3
1 - دانشجوی دکترای گروه مدیریت بازرکانی، واحد امارات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 - استادیار گروه مدیریت بازرگانی، واحد فیروزکوه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،، تهران، ایران
3 - استادیار گروه مدیریت بازرگانی، واحد بویئن زهرا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،بوئین زهرا،ایران
کلید واژه: کارآفرینی سازمانی, کارآفرینی, روش تحلیل مضمون, رویکرد انحراف مثبت,
چکیده مقاله :
امروزه اهمیت توجه به صنایع دیجیتال نوپا در کشورها باعث شده است تا مسائل و چالش‌های مختلفی مانند اشتغال و بیکاری کاهش پیدا کند. سازمان‌ها در محیط پویای رقابت جهانی، جهت بقا و دستیابی به موفقیت، به‌طور فزاینده‌ای به فعالیت‌های کارآفرینانه در سازمان متعهد شده اند و کارآفرینی را به عنوان یکی از ابزارهای توسعه در جهت صنایع دیجیتال نوپا به شمار می آورند. هدف پژوهش حاضر ارائه مدل کارآفرینی سازمانی با رویکرد انحراف مثبت در صنایع دیجیتال نوپا است. با استفاده از روش کیفی تحلیل مضمون و انجام مصاحبه‌های نیمه ساختاریافته با مدیران و خبرگان در زمینه کارآفرینی سازمانی با رویکرد انحراف مثبت، مدلی شامل عوامل مؤثر (متغیرهای کلیدی تأثیرگذار، میانجی و تعدیل‌گر)، پیامدها و راهبردهای ارتقای کارآفرینی سازمانی با رویکرد انحراف مثبت در صنایع دیجیتال نوپا ارائه شده است. بر اساس یافته‌های به‌دست‌آمده از مصاحبه نیمه‌ساختار یافته با 13 تن از خبرگان و مدیران، 42 مضمون سازنده شکل گرفت که می‌توان آنها را در 21 مضمون فراگیر تحت پنج عامل شامل: عوامل مؤثر، عوامل میانجی، عوامل تعدیل‌گر، پیامدها و راهبردها طبقه‌بندی کرد. نتایج بررسی نشان داد که توجه به کارآفرینی سازمانی و عوامل مؤثر بر شکل‌گیری آن با رویکرد انحراف مثبت، می‌تواند منجر به نتایجی همچون نوآوری، رشد و بهبود سازمانی گردد.
Today, the importance of paying attention to emerging digital industries in countries has led to a reduction in various issues and challenges such as employment and unemployment. In a dynamic environment of global competition, organizations are increasingly committed to entrepreneurial activities in order to survive and achieve success, and consider entrepreneurship as one of the development tools for the fledgling digital industry. The purpose of the current study was to present an organizational entrepreneurship model with a positive deviance approach in the fledgling digital industry. Using the qualitative method of content analysis and conducting semi-structured interviews with the experts in the field of organizational entrepreneurship, a model including effective factors (key influential variables, mediators and moderators), consequences and strategies to promote organizational entrepreneurship with a positive deviation approach in industry Start-up digital is provided. Based on the findings of a semi-structured interview with 15 academic experts and executives, 42 constructive themes were formed that can be categorized into 21 comprehensive themes under five factors: effective factors, mediating factors, moderating factors, consequences and strategies. The results showed that paying attention to organizational entrepreneurship and the factors affecting its formation within a positive deviation approach can lead to results such as innovation, growth and organizational improvement.
AbdulMalki, J., Yousefi, M., Pirmohammadi, M., Sabkroo, M., & Mohammadi, N. (2007). Investigating the Relationship between Entrepreneurial Skills and Organizational Entrepreneurship (Case Study: Middle Managers of Iran Khodro Company), Entrepreneurship Development, 1(2), 103-129 (In Persian).
Augsdorfer, P. (2008). Managing the unmanageable. Research-Technology Management, 51(4), 41-47.
Baharvand, F., & Goran, M (2020). Explaining the Relationship Model between Spiritual Intelligence and Business Attitudes in Students, Business Management Quarterly, 45, 272-293 (In Persian).
Belousova, O., Gailly, B. and Basso, O. (2010), A conceptual model of corporate entrepreneurial behavior (Interactive paper), Journal of Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, 30 (17), pp. 1- 14.
Blake, N (2005). Social research design. Translated by Hassan Chavoshian: Published (In Persian).
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology, Qualitative Research in Psychology 3(2):77-101.
Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2014). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. Sage publications, 1-456.
Covin, J. G., & Kuratko, D. F. (2017).The concept of corporate entrepreneurship. In V. Narayanan & G. O’Connor (Eds.), The Blackwell encyclopedia of technology and innovation management. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers, 1-37.
Criscuolo, P., Salter, A., & Ter Wal, A. L. (2013). Going underground: Bootlegging and individual innovative performance. Organization Science, 25(5), 1287-1305.
Danaeifard, H., & Emami, S. M. (2007). Qualitative Research Strategies (Reflections on Foundation Data Theorizing), Management Thought, 1(2), 69-98. (In Persian).
Delavar, A. (2001). Theoretical and practical foundations of research in humanities and social sciences, Tehran: Roshd Publications, 1-464. (In Persian).
Faiz, D., Nemati, M., Jebli Javan, A., & Zangian, S. (2012). The Impact of Marketing Capabilities on the Performance Outcomes of Small and Medium-Sized Entrepreneurial Companies (Case Study: Tehran Hamburger Food Company), Quarterly Journal of Innovation and Value-Creating, 1, 156-135 (In Persian).
Frese, M., & Keith, N. (2014). Action Errors, Error Management, and Learning in Organizations, Annual Review of Psychology, 66(1): 661-687.
Galperin, B. L. (2003). Can workplace deviance be constructive? In A. Sagie, S. Stashevsky, & M. Koslowsky (Eds.), Misbehavior and dysfunctional attitudes in organizations: 154-170. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
Galperin, B. L. (2012). Exploring the nomological network of workplace deviance: Developing and validating a measure of constructive deviance. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 42(12), 2988-3025.
Galperin, B. L., & Burke, R. J. (2006). Uncovering the relationship between workaholism and workplace destructive and constructive deviance: An exploratory study. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 17(2), 331-347.
Globocnik, D., & Salomo, S. (2015). Do Formal Management Practices Impact the Emergence of Bootlegging Behavior? Journal of Product Innovation Management. 32(4), 505-521.
Golban, J., & Razghi Shirsavar, H. (2020). Application of ISM model for leveling the components of organizational culture and ranking the components using AHP method, Organizational Culture Management, 8(4), 775-798 (In Persian).
Goldstein, N. E. S., Serico, J. M., Riggsromaine, C. L., Zelechoski, A. D., albeitzer, R., Kemp, K., & Lane, C. (2013). Development of the juvenile justice anger management treatment for girls. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 20, 171-188.
Grantham, A., & Readman, J. (2005). Comparing Quality and Business Improvement Methodologies for Collaborative Working in the Product Development Process of SMEs, CENTRIM, University of Brighton, 5-6 September, pp.249-260.
Howell, J. M., Shea, C. M., & Higgins, C. A. (2005). Champions of product innovations: Defining, developing, and validating a measure of champion behavior. Journal of Business Venturing, 20, 641 -661.
Howell, J.M., & Higgins, C.A. (1990). Champions of Technological Innovation, Administrative Science Quarterly, 35, 317-41
Hulsheger, U. Anderson, N. Salgado, F. (2009). Team-Level Predictors of Innovation at Work: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Spanning Three Decades of Research, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 94, No. 5, 1128 –1145.
Iran Entrepreneurship Monitoring and Improvement Report (2016). Ministry of Welfare, Deputy Minister of Entrepreneurship Development and Employment, Office of Entrepreneurship Development. (In Persian).
Ireland, R. Kuratko, F. Morris, M. (2006). A health audit for corporate entrepreneurship: Innovation at all levels: Part I, Journal of Business Strategy 27(1):10-17.
Jenssen, J. I., & Jørgensen, G. (2004). How do corporate champions promote innovations?. International Journal of Innovation ManagementVol. 08, No. 01, pp. 63-86
Jianga ,X., Liub, H., Feyc, C., Jiang, F. (2018). Entrepreneurial orientation, network resource acquisition, and firm performance: A network approach, Journal of Business Research 87 (2018) 46–57.
Jesarati, A., Babazadeh, H., Zanjani, S., Jesarati, A., Azizi, H., Rezapur, A. (2013), An investigation of the relationship between motivational factors and performance of education staff, European Journal of Experimental Biology, 3(3), 681-686
Kuratko, D. & Hodgetts, R. (1989). Entereprenurship:A Contemporary Approach, (3rd ed) NY:The Dryden Press.
Lechner, C., & Leyronas, C. (2012). The competitive advantage of cluster firms: The priority regional network position over extra-regional networks. Entrepreneurship & Regional Dvelopment, 24 (5-6): 457-473.
Ling, Y., López-Fernández, M. C., Serrano-Bedia, A. M., & Kellermanns, F. W. (2020). Organizational culture and entrepreneurial orientation: examination through a new conceptualization lens., International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 16, 709–737.
Luca, M. R., & Cazan, A. M. (2011). “Involvement in entrepreneurial training and personality”. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 30, 1251-1256.
Lumpkin, G.T. & Dess, G.G. (1996). Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking it to performance. Academy of Management Review, 21(1), 135–172.
Lumpkin, G.T. & Dess, G.G. (2005). Entrepreneurial orientation. In M.A. Hitt & R.D. Ireland (Eds.), The blackwell encyclopedic dictionary of entrepreneurship (Blackwell Encyclopedia of Management) (pp. 104–107). Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
Mirfakhredini, S. H., Safari, K., & Shabani, A. (2016). Investigating the effect of customer participation on new product development in Yazd ceramic tile industry. Bi-Quarterly Journal of Industrial Technology Development. 30, 46-37 (In Persian).
Modarresi Srizadi, J., Abbaspour, A., Sakhdari, K., & Ghiasi Nodoshan, S. (2020). Identifying organizational factors affecting the entrepreneurial university (with a meta-combination approach), Organizational Culture Management, 18(3), 456-425 (In Persian).
Muafi, U. (2015). Green IT Empowerment, Social Capital, Creativity and Innovation: A Case Study of Creative City, Bantul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 8(3): 719-737.
Putsom, W., Suwannarat, P., & Songsrirote, N. (2019). The Effect of Entrepreneurial Leadership, Value Creation and Automotive Parts Manufacturing Businesses Performance in Thailand. Human Resource and Organization Development Journal, 11(2): 1-33.
Rauch, A., Wiklund, J., Lumpkin, G., & Frese, M. (2009). Entrepreneurial Orientation and Business Performance: An Assessment of Past Research and Suggestions for the Future, Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice 33(3):761 – 787.
Sakhdari, K., Jalali, E., & SeyedAmiri, N. (2016). Analysis of factors affecting the formation of hidden innovation behavior in selected organizations. Technology Development Management Quarterly, 2(4), 31-50 (In Persian).
Sarmad, Z., Bazargan, A., & Hejazi, E (2000). Research Methods in Behavioral Sciences, Tehran, Agah Publications, 1-408. (In Persian).
Seidman, W., & and Michael, M. (2008). Positive Deviants Rule. Cutter IT Journal, 21(7):16-20.
Sharaei, F., & Kalabi, A. (2020). The Impact of Entrepreneurial Marketing Position on the Sustainability of Knowledge-Based Companies with Emphasis on Strategy Modernization, Entrepreneurship Development, 13(3),421-440. (In Persian).
Shojaei, Z., & Alizadeh, R. (2020). Investigating the Barriers to Entrepreneurship in Islamic Azad University and the Role of Entrepreneurs in Economic and Social Development, Iranian Journal of Social Development Studies, 12(2), 151-162. (In Persian).
Taybi Abolhassani, S., & Ayoubi, M. (2016). Factors Affecting Business Attitudes Among Basij Students, Basij Strategic Studies, 20(75), 66- 88. (In Persian).
Todorovic, Z. W., & Ma, J. (2011). Entrepreneurial and market orientation relationship to performance, the multicultural perspective, Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy 2, pp 21-36.
Vadera, A. K., Pratt, M. G., & Mishra, P. (2013). Constructive Deviance in Organizations: Integrating and Moving Forward. Journal of Management. 39(5), 1221-1276.
Vafaie, R., & Shafei, E. (2010). Investigating the role of organizational factors in increasing the entrepreneurship of small industrial companies, Lecturer of Humanities-Management Research in Iran, 14(69), 257-233 (In Persian).
Zanjani, S., Iranzadeh, S., Khadivi, A., Feghhi Farahmand, N. (2020), Designing a Corporate Growth Strategy Based on Ansoff Matrix Using Fuzzy Inference System, nnovation Management in Defense Organizations, 3(2), 151-178.
Zakai, S. (2001). Theory and research in qualitative methods, Social Sciences Quarterly, Allameh Tabatabai University. 9 (17), 69-41 (In Persian).
_||_AbdulMalki, J., Yousefi, M., Pirmohammadi, M., Sabkroo, M., & Mohammadi, N. (2007). Investigating the Relationship between Entrepreneurial Skills and Organizational Entrepreneurship (Case Study: Middle Managers of Iran Khodro Company), Entrepreneurship Development, 1(2), 103-129 (In Persian).
Augsdorfer, P. (2008). Managing the unmanageable. Research-Technology Management, 51(4), 41-47.
Baharvand, F., & Goran, M (2020). Explaining the Relationship Model between Spiritual Intelligence and Business Attitudes in Students, Business Management Quarterly, 45, 272-293 (In Persian).
Belousova, O., Gailly, B. and Basso, O. (2010), A conceptual model of corporate entrepreneurial behavior (Interactive paper), Journal of Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, 30 (17), pp. 1- 14.
Blake, N (2005). Social research design. Translated by Hassan Chavoshian: Published (In Persian).
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology, Qualitative Research in Psychology 3(2):77-101.
Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2014). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. Sage publications, 1-456.
Covin, J. G., & Kuratko, D. F. (2017).The concept of corporate entrepreneurship. In V. Narayanan & G. O’Connor (Eds.), The Blackwell encyclopedia of technology and innovation management. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers, 1-37.
Criscuolo, P., Salter, A., & Ter Wal, A. L. (2013). Going underground: Bootlegging and individual innovative performance. Organization Science, 25(5), 1287-1305.
Danaeifard, H., & Emami, S. M. (2007). Qualitative Research Strategies (Reflections on Foundation Data Theorizing), Management Thought, 1(2), 69-98. (In Persian).
Delavar, A. (2001). Theoretical and practical foundations of research in humanities and social sciences, Tehran: Roshd Publications, 1-464. (In Persian).
Faiz, D., Nemati, M., Jebli Javan, A., & Zangian, S. (2012). The Impact of Marketing Capabilities on the Performance Outcomes of Small and Medium-Sized Entrepreneurial Companies (Case Study: Tehran Hamburger Food Company), Quarterly Journal of Innovation and Value-Creating, 1, 156-135 (In Persian).
Frese, M., & Keith, N. (2014). Action Errors, Error Management, and Learning in Organizations, Annual Review of Psychology, 66(1): 661-687.
Galperin, B. L. (2003). Can workplace deviance be constructive? In A. Sagie, S. Stashevsky, & M. Koslowsky (Eds.), Misbehavior and dysfunctional attitudes in organizations: 154-170. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
Galperin, B. L. (2012). Exploring the nomological network of workplace deviance: Developing and validating a measure of constructive deviance. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 42(12), 2988-3025.
Galperin, B. L., & Burke, R. J. (2006). Uncovering the relationship between workaholism and workplace destructive and constructive deviance: An exploratory study. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 17(2), 331-347.
Globocnik, D., & Salomo, S. (2015). Do Formal Management Practices Impact the Emergence of Bootlegging Behavior? Journal of Product Innovation Management. 32(4), 505-521.
Golban, J., & Razghi Shirsavar, H. (2020). Application of ISM model for leveling the components of organizational culture and ranking the components using AHP method, Organizational Culture Management, 8(4), 775-798 (In Persian).
Goldstein, N. E. S., Serico, J. M., Riggsromaine, C. L., Zelechoski, A. D., albeitzer, R., Kemp, K., & Lane, C. (2013). Development of the juvenile justice anger management treatment for girls. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 20, 171-188.
Grantham, A., & Readman, J. (2005). Comparing Quality and Business Improvement Methodologies for Collaborative Working in the Product Development Process of SMEs, CENTRIM, University of Brighton, 5-6 September, pp.249-260.
Howell, J. M., Shea, C. M., & Higgins, C. A. (2005). Champions of product innovations: Defining, developing, and validating a measure of champion behavior. Journal of Business Venturing, 20, 641 -661.
Howell, J.M., & Higgins, C.A. (1990). Champions of Technological Innovation, Administrative Science Quarterly, 35, 317-41
Hulsheger, U. Anderson, N. Salgado, F. (2009). Team-Level Predictors of Innovation at Work: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Spanning Three Decades of Research, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 94, No. 5, 1128 –1145.
Iran Entrepreneurship Monitoring and Improvement Report (2016). Ministry of Welfare, Deputy Minister of Entrepreneurship Development and Employment, Office of Entrepreneurship Development. (In Persian).
Ireland, R. Kuratko, F. Morris, M. (2006). A health audit for corporate entrepreneurship: Innovation at all levels: Part I, Journal of Business Strategy 27(1):10-17.
Jenssen, J. I., & Jørgensen, G. (2004). How do corporate champions promote innovations?. International Journal of Innovation ManagementVol. 08, No. 01, pp. 63-86
Jianga ,X., Liub, H., Feyc, C., Jiang, F. (2018). Entrepreneurial orientation, network resource acquisition, and firm performance: A network approach, Journal of Business Research 87 (2018) 46–57.
Jesarati, A., Babazadeh, H., Zanjani, S., Jesarati, A., Azizi, H., Rezapur, A. (2013), An investigation of the relationship between motivational factors and performance of education staff, European Journal of Experimental Biology, 3(3), 681-686
Kuratko, D. & Hodgetts, R. (1989). Entereprenurship:A Contemporary Approach, (3rd ed) NY:The Dryden Press.
Lechner, C., & Leyronas, C. (2012). The competitive advantage of cluster firms: The priority regional network position over extra-regional networks. Entrepreneurship & Regional Dvelopment, 24 (5-6): 457-473.
Ling, Y., López-Fernández, M. C., Serrano-Bedia, A. M., & Kellermanns, F. W. (2020). Organizational culture and entrepreneurial orientation: examination through a new conceptualization lens., International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 16, 709–737.
Luca, M. R., & Cazan, A. M. (2011). “Involvement in entrepreneurial training and personality”. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 30, 1251-1256.
Lumpkin, G.T. & Dess, G.G. (1996). Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking it to performance. Academy of Management Review, 21(1), 135–172.
Lumpkin, G.T. & Dess, G.G. (2005). Entrepreneurial orientation. In M.A. Hitt & R.D. Ireland (Eds.), The blackwell encyclopedic dictionary of entrepreneurship (Blackwell Encyclopedia of Management) (pp. 104–107). Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
Mirfakhredini, S. H., Safari, K., & Shabani, A. (2016). Investigating the effect of customer participation on new product development in Yazd ceramic tile industry. Bi-Quarterly Journal of Industrial Technology Development. 30, 46-37 (In Persian).
Modarresi Srizadi, J., Abbaspour, A., Sakhdari, K., & Ghiasi Nodoshan, S. (2020). Identifying organizational factors affecting the entrepreneurial university (with a meta-combination approach), Organizational Culture Management, 18(3), 456-425 (In Persian).
Muafi, U. (2015). Green IT Empowerment, Social Capital, Creativity and Innovation: A Case Study of Creative City, Bantul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 8(3): 719-737.
Putsom, W., Suwannarat, P., & Songsrirote, N. (2019). The Effect of Entrepreneurial Leadership, Value Creation and Automotive Parts Manufacturing Businesses Performance in Thailand. Human Resource and Organization Development Journal, 11(2): 1-33.
Rauch, A., Wiklund, J., Lumpkin, G., & Frese, M. (2009). Entrepreneurial Orientation and Business Performance: An Assessment of Past Research and Suggestions for the Future, Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice 33(3):761 – 787.
Sakhdari, K., Jalali, E., & SeyedAmiri, N. (2016). Analysis of factors affecting the formation of hidden innovation behavior in selected organizations. Technology Development Management Quarterly, 2(4), 31-50 (In Persian).
Sarmad, Z., Bazargan, A., & Hejazi, E (2000). Research Methods in Behavioral Sciences, Tehran, Agah Publications, 1-408. (In Persian).
Seidman, W., & and Michael, M. (2008). Positive Deviants Rule. Cutter IT Journal, 21(7):16-20.
Sharaei, F., & Kalabi, A. (2020). The Impact of Entrepreneurial Marketing Position on the Sustainability of Knowledge-Based Companies with Emphasis on Strategy Modernization, Entrepreneurship Development, 13(3),421-440. (In Persian).
Shojaei, Z., & Alizadeh, R. (2020). Investigating the Barriers to Entrepreneurship in Islamic Azad University and the Role of Entrepreneurs in Economic and Social Development, Iranian Journal of Social Development Studies, 12(2), 151-162. (In Persian).
Taybi Abolhassani, S., & Ayoubi, M. (2016). Factors Affecting Business Attitudes Among Basij Students, Basij Strategic Studies, 20(75), 66- 88. (In Persian).
Todorovic, Z. W., & Ma, J. (2011). Entrepreneurial and market orientation relationship to performance, the multicultural perspective, Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy 2, pp 21-36.
Vadera, A. K., Pratt, M. G., & Mishra, P. (2013). Constructive Deviance in Organizations: Integrating and Moving Forward. Journal of Management. 39(5), 1221-1276.
Vafaie, R., & Shafei, E. (2010). Investigating the role of organizational factors in increasing the entrepreneurship of small industrial companies, Lecturer of Humanities-Management Research in Iran, 14(69), 257-233 (In Persian).
Zanjani, S., Iranzadeh, S., Khadivi, A., Feghhi Farahmand, N. (2020), Designing a Corporate Growth Strategy Based on Ansoff Matrix Using Fuzzy Inference System, nnovation Management in Defense Organizations, 3(2), 151-178.
Zakai, S. (2001). Theory and research in qualitative methods, Social Sciences Quarterly, Allameh Tabatabai University. 9 (17), 69-41 (In Persian).