Genetic Analysis of Important Traits of Rapeseed Under Normal and Salinity Stress Conditions

Subject Areas : Journal of plant ecophysiology

Ali Akbar Saberi ¹ , Seyed Zabihollah Ravari ^{2 *} , Ahmad Mehrban ³ , Hamid Reza Ganjali ⁴ , Hassan Amiri Oghan ⁵

1 - aDepartment of Plant Breeding, Zah.C., Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran
2 - Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Kerman, Iran.
3 - Department of Agriculture, Zah.C., Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran
4 - Department of Agriculture, Zah.C., Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran
5 - Seed and Plant Breeding Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.

Received: 2025-05-07 Accepted : 2025-05-21 Published : 2025-05-30

Keywords: Combining ability, Heterosis, Heritability, Line × Tester ,

Abstract :

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the heritability of salinity tolerance in canola over three years, identifying potential cultivars and crosses that can enhance yield under salinity stress.

Methods: Text

In the first year, 39 rapeseed lines and cultivars were cultivated under normal and salinity irrigation conditions, and grouped based on their salt tolerance. The second year involved crossing five salinity-tolerant cultivars (lines) with three salinity-sensitive cultivars (testers) utilizing a line × tester crossing method. In the third year, the resulting plant materials were grown again under both irrigation conditions to assess performance.

Results: Text

The results indicated significant average heterosis in crosses compared to their parents under both normal and salinity stress conditions. Notably, under normal conditions, all traits except grain yield and 1000-kernel weight exhibited heterosis, while under salinity stress, all traits except pod length and the number of seeds per pod showed similar results. Lines L5 and L2 were identified as strong general combiners for grain yield under normal conditions, while L5 and T2 excelled under salinity stress. The crosses L5 × T3, L5 × T2, and L4 × T2 demonstrated the highest heterosis for grain yield per plant in both conditions, indicating their potential for breeding programs.

Conclusions:

This research provides valuable insights into the heritability of salinity tolerance in canola, highlighting specific lines and crosses that can be utilized in breeding programs to enhance yield under salinity stress, thereby contributing to sustainable agricultural practices in saline-prone areas.

References:

AMIRI-OGHAN, H., FOTOKIAN, M., JAVIDFAR, F. & ALIZADEH, B. 2012. Genetic analysis of grain yield, days to flowering, and maturity in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) using diallel crosses. International Journal of Plant Production, 3, 19-26.

AMIRI-OGHANA, H., FOTOKIANB, M., JAVIDFARA, F. & ALIZADEHA, B. 2009. Genetic analysis of grain yield, days to flowering, and maturity in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) using diallel crosses. International Journal of Plant Production, 3, 2.

Asghari, A., Mohammadnia, S. and Fallahi, H. 2018. Assessment of Salinity Tolerance in Some Canola Cultivars using Morphophysiologic Traites and ISSR Markers. Journal of Crop Breeding Vol. 9, No 24, 166-178.

BCHINI, H., CHAABANE, R., MOSBAHI, M., BEN NACEUR, M. & SAYAR, R. 2011. Application of salt tolerance indices for screening barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars. Int J Curr Res, 3, 8-13.

BOUSLAMA, M. & SCHAPAUGH JR, W. 1984. Stress tolerance in soybeans. I. Evaluation of three screening techniques for heat and drought tolerance 1. Crop Science, 24, 933-937.

BYBORDI, A. & TABATABAEI, J. 2009. Effect of salinity stress on germination and seedling properties in canola cultivars (Brassica napus L.). Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 37, 71-76.

DING, G., ZHAO, Z., LIAO, Y., HU, Y., SHI, L., LONG, Y. & XU, F. 2012. Quantitative trait loci for seed yield and yield-related traits, and their responses to reduced phosphorus supply in Brassica napus. Annals of Botany, 109, 747-759.

FARSHADFAR, E., KAZEMI, Z. & YAGHOTIPOOR, A. 2013. Estimation of combining ability and gene action for agro-morphological characters of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) using line× tester mating design. Int. J. Adv. Biol. Biom. Res, 1, 711-717.

FERNANDEZ, G. C. Effective selection criteria for assessing plant stress tolerance. Proceeding of the International Symposium on Adaptation of Vegetables and other Food Crops in Temperature and Water Stress, Aug. 13-16, Shanhua, Taiwan, 1992, 1992. 257-270.

FISCHER, R. & MAURER, R. 1978. Drought resistance in spring wheat cultivars. I. Grain yield responses. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 29, 897-912.
FLOWERS, T. & YEO, A. 1995. Breeding for salinity resistance in crop plants: where next? Functional Plant Biology, 22, 875-884.

GAVUZZI, P., RIZZA, F., PALUMBO, M., CAMPANILE, R., RICCIARDI, G. & BORGHI, B. 1997. Evaluation of field and laboratory predictors of drought and heat tolerance in winter cereals. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 77, 523-531.

HEFNY, M. M., METWALI, E. M. R. & MOHAMED, A. I. 2013. Assessment of genetic diversity of sorghum ('Sorghum bicolor'L. Moench) genotypes under saline irrigation water based on some selection indices. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 7, 1935-1945.

HOSSAIN, A., SEARS, R., COX, T. S. & PAULSEN, G. 1990. Desiccation tolerance and its relationship to assimilate partitioning in winter wheat. Crop Science, 30, 622-627.

IZADDOOST, H., SAMIZADEH, H., RABIEI, B. & ABDOLLAHI, S. 2013. Evaluation of salt tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars and lines with emphasis on stress tolerance indices. Cereal Research, 3, 167-180.

JI, H., PARDO, J. M., BATELLI, G., VAN OOSTEN, M. J., BRESSAN, R. A. & LI, X. 2013. The salt overly sensitive (SOS) pathway: established and emerging roles. Molecular plant, 6, 275-286.

KAMKAR, B., KAFI, M. & MAHALLATI, A. N. 2004. Determination of the most sensitive developmental period of wheat (Triticum aestivum) to salt stress to optimize saline water utilization. Crop Sci. Cong, 6.

Kaboosi, K., Faraji, A. and Shamiati M. 2017. Study of Tolerance Indices of Different Cultivars of Canola under Salinity Stress. Research Achievement for Improvement Crop Production.

KANG, S. A., SAEED, F. & RIAZ, M. 2013. Breeding for improving the seed yield and yield contributing traits in Brassica napus L. by using line× tester analysis. Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics, 1, 111-116.

KEMPTHORNE, O. 1957. An introduction to genetic statistics.

KHATTAK, G., HAQ, M., ASHRAF, M., TAHIR, G. & MARWAT, E. 2001. Detection of epistasis, and estimation of additive and dominance components of genetic variation for synchrony in pod maturity in mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek). Field Crops Research, 72, 211-219.

MONIRIFAR, H. 2016. Development and evaluation of a synthetic alfalfa variety for tolerance to salinity. Journal of Crop Breeding, 8, 176-182.

MUHAMMAD, A., RAZIUDDIN, M. A., RAZA, H., RAHMAN, A. U. & ALI, I. 2014. Combining ability and heritability studies for important traits in F2 of Brassica napus. Int. J. Basic Appl. Sci, 14, 7-11.

MUNNS, R., HUSAIN, S., RIVELLI, A. R., JAMES, R. A., CONDON, A. T., LINDSAY, M. P., LAGUDAH, E. S., SCHACHTMAN, D. P. & HARE, R. A. Avenues for increasing salt tolerance of crops, and the role of physiologically based selection traits. Progress in Plant Nutrition: Plenary Lectures of the XIV International Plant Nutrition Colloquium: Food security and sustainability of agro-ecosystems through basic and applied research, 2002. Springer, 93-105.

NDUWUMUREMYI, A., TONGOONA, P. & HABIMANA, S. 2013. Mating designs: a helpful tool for quantitative plant breeding analysis. Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics, 1, 117-129.

NEMATI, M., ASGHARI, A., SOFALIAN, O., RASOULZADEH, A. & MOHAMADDOUST CHAMANABAD, H. 2012. Effect of water stress on rapeseed cultivars using morpho-physiological traits and their relations with ISSR markers. Journal of Plant Physiology and Breeding, 2, 55-66.

PAZIRA, E. & SADEGHZADEH, K. National review document on optimizing soil and water use in Iran. Workshop of ICISAT, Sahelian Center, 1998. 13-18.

RAMEEH, V. 2010. Combining ability and factor analysis in F2 diallel crosses of rapeseed varieties. Plant Breeding and Seed Science, 62, 73.

RAMEEH, V. 2011. Heritability and other genetic parameters assessment for flowering associated stress indices in oil seed rape varieties. International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics, 5, 268-276.

RAMEEH, V. 2012. Combining ability analysis of plant height and yield components in spring type of rapeseed varieties (Brassica napus L.) using line× tester analysis. International journal of agriculture and forestry, 2, 58-62.

RAMEEH, V. 2016. Line× tester analysis in rapeseed: Identification of superior parents and combinations for seed yield and its components. Open Agriculture, 1, 74-78.

RAVARI, S., DEHGHANI, H. & NAGHAVI, H. 2016. Assessment of salinity indices to identify Iranian wheat varieties using an artificial neural network. Annals of Applied Biology, 168, 185-194.

ROSIELLE, A. & HAMBLIN, J. 1981. Theoretical aspects of selection for yield in stress and non‐stress environment 1. Crop Science, 21, 943-946.

ROZEMA, J. & SCHAT, H. 2013. Salt tolerance of halophytes, research questions reviewed in the perspective of saline agriculture. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 92, 83-95.

SABAGHNIA, N., DEHGHANI, H., ALIZADEH, B. & MOHGHADDAM, M. 2010a. Diallel Analysis of Oil Content and Some Agronomic Traits in Rapeseed ('Brassica napus' L.) Based on the Additive-Dominance Genetic Model. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 4, 609-616.

SABAGHNIA, N., DEHGHANI, H., ALIZADEH, B. & MOHGHADDAM, M. 2010b. Heterosis and combining ability analysis for oil yield and its components in rapeseed. Australian journal of crop science, 4, 390-397.

SAS Institute Inc., (2011). SAS/STAT user’s guide, second edition. SAS institute Inc., Cary, Nc.

SHAPIRO, S. S. & WILK, M. B. 1965. An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples). Biometrika, 52, 591-611.

SHEN, J.-X., FU, T.-D., YANG, G.-S., TU, J.-X. & MA, C.-Z. 2006. Prediction of heterosis using QTLs for yield traits in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Euphytica, 151, 165-171.

SHI, J., LI, R., QIU, D., JIANG, C., LONG, Y., MORGAN, C., BANCROFT, I., ZHAO, J. & MENG, J. 2009. Unraveling the complex trait of crop yield with quantitative trait loci mapping in Brassica napus. Genetics, 182, 851-861.

SINGH, S., KAKANI, V., BRAND, D., BALDWIN, B. & REDDY, K. 2008. Assessment of cold and heat tolerance of winter‐grown canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars by pollen‐based parameters. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 194, 225-236.

SOFI, P., RATHER, A. & VENKATESH, S. 2006. Triple test cross analysis in maize (Zea mays L.). Indian Journal of Crop Science, 1, 191-193.

TUNCTURK, M. & CIFTCI, V. 2007. Relationships between yield and some yield components in rapeseed (Brassica napus ssp. oleifera L.) cultivars by using correlation and path analysis. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 39, 81.

VAN GINKEL, M., CALHOUN, D., GEBEYEHU, G., MIRANDA, A., TIAN-YOU, C., PARGAS LARA, R., TRETHOWAN, R., SAYRE, K., CROSSA, J. & RAJARAM, S. 1998. Plant traits related to the yield of wheat in early, late, or continuous drought conditions. Euphytica, 100, 109-121.

YADAV, S. K. 2010. Cold stress tolerance mechanisms in plants. A review. Agronomy for sustainable development, 30, 515-527.