اثر سالسیلیک اسید بر صفات مرتبط با دانه و عملکرد و برخی از ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیک سینگل کراس 704 ذرت در شرایط متفاوت آبیاری
محورهای موضوعی : مجله علمی- پژوهشی اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی
مهرداد یارنیا
1
(گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران)
پرستو آق مسجدی
2
(دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران)
کلید واژه: رژیم آبیاری, محلول پاشی, بلال, تشتک تبخیر,
چکیده مقاله :
این بررسی با هدف مطالعه تاثیر تیمارهای آبیاری در مراحل رشدی و محلول پاشی اسید سالسیلیک بر رشد و عملکرد ذرت (Zea mays L.) در سه تکرار به صورت کرت های دوبارخردشده با طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تبریز و با تیمار های اسید اسکوربیک در دو سطح و تنش آبی در سه سطح انجام پذیرفت. اعمال کم آبی در تمامی مراحل رشدی، کاهش معنی داری در عملکرد دانه ذرت باعث شد. اعمال تیمار آبیاری پس از 110 میلی متر در مرحله پر شدن دانه تاثیری بر عملکرد دانه نداشت، ولی با تشدید کم آبی، کاهشی 6/25 درصد در عملکرد دانه بدست آمد. کاهش مشابهی با اعمال کم آبی در مرحله ظهور گل نر وجود داشت و در مرحله ظهور گل نر با اعمال رژیم های آبیاری پس از 110 و 150 میلی متر از عملکرد دانه بترتیب 3/23 و 7/29 درصد کاسته شد. بیشترین کاهش عملکرد با اعمال کم آبی در مرحله رشد رویشی بدست آمد و اعمال رژیم آبیاری پس از 150 میلی متر ، 9/53 درصد از عملکرد دانه ذرت کاست. محلول‌پاشی اسید سالسیلیک افزایش 7/17 درصدی را در عملکرد دانه ذرت را با میزان 1013 گرم در متر مربع باعث شد. در این بررسی کاهش سطح برگ و میزان کلروفیل، از عوامل مهم کاهنده عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ذرت تحت تاثیر کم آبی بود ولی مصرف اسید سالسیلیک با تاثیر مثبت بر این صفات از خسارات تنش کم آبی کاهش داد.
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of irrigation treatments at different growth stages and foliar spray of salicylic acid on growth and yield of corn (CV SC704). The field experiment was carried out as split split plots arranged in randomized complete blocks design with three replications in 2014. Water stress at all growth stages significantly reduced seed yield. Irrigating after 110 mm at kernel filling stage had no effect on grain yield, but further water stress reduced 25.6 % of seed yield. Similar decrease was obtained with water stress at tassel emergence stage. Grain yield reduced up to 23.3 and 29.7% with irrigation after 110 and 150 mm at tassel emergence stage, respectively. The highest decline of grain yield was achieved with water stress at vegetative stage and irrigation after 150 mm which decreased grain yield up to 53.9%. Foliar spray of salicylic acid increased 17.7% in grain yield. Among the yield components, 100-grain weight was not affected by water stress, but grains per ear showed significant reduction by water stress. In this study, leaf area and chlorophyll contents were important reducer factors in corn yield and yield components under water stress but salicylic acid consumption with a positive impact on these traits reduced drought stress losses.
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