The comparison of glucose and insulin concentration in elite sprint and endurance runners after an exhaustive aerobic exercise

Subject Areas : Journal of Physical Activity and Hormones

Afshar Abolhassan tash ¹ , Asghar Nikseresht ²

1 - MS in Exercise Physiology, Farhangian University, Fars Shahid Rejaei Campos, Iran
2 - Assistant Professor in Exercise Physiology, Department of Exercise Physiology, Jahrom branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran

Received: 2017-11-16 Accepted : 2018-01-02 Published : 2018-02-01

Keywords: Insulin resistance, glucose, Endurance runners, Sprint runners,

Abstract :

Introduction: The aim of present study was to comparison of glucose and insulin concentration in elite sprint and endurance runners after an exhaustive aerobic exercise. Material & Methods: Sixteen elite sprint (n=8; 3.8 ± 1.8 years experience of tournament playing, mean ± SD) and endurance (n-8; 6.2 ± 2.3 years experience of tournament playing, mean ± SD) runners volunteered to participate in this study. Blood samples were taken before, immediately, 30 and 120 min after the Bruce test. Glucose solution containing 75 g oral glucose dissolved in 250 ml of water to drink was consumed by subjects after the exercise. Results: The results showed that glucose and insulin level increased 30 and 120 min after the exercise in compare to basal level in both groups (P<0.05), while no significant difference was observed between the groups. Conclusion: In conclusion, sprint and endurance running have similar effects on glucose and insulin concentration after an exhaustive exercise.

References:

References

1. Levy-Marchal C, Arslanian S, Cutfield W, Sinaiko A, Druet C, Marcovecchio ML, et al. Insulin resistance in children: consensus, perspective, and future directions. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010; 95: 5189-5198.

2. Reaven GM. Banting lecture 1988. Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes 1988; 37: 1595-1607.

3. DeFronzo RA, Tobin JD, Andres R. Glucose clamp technique: a method for quantifying insulin secretion and resistance. Am J Physiol 1979; 237: E214-E223.

4. Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler SE, Hamman RF, Lachin JM, Walker EA, Nathan DM Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med 2002; 346: 393-403.

5. Omidi M, Moghadasi M. Regular aerobic training improves insulin resistance but not pancreatic β-cells function in female patients with type 2 diabetes. J Physic Act Horm 2017; 1: 58-70.

6. Kazemi N, Hosseini SA. Comparison the effects of aqua aerobic and resistance training on blood sugar and insulin resistance in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. J Physic Act Horm 2017; 1: 1-18.

7. Nematollahzadeh M, Shirazi-nezhad R. High intensity endurance training improves metabolic syndrome in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Physic Act Horm 2017; 1: 51-64.

8. Sigal RJ, Kenny GP, Boule NG, Wells GA, Prud'homme D, Fortier M, et al. Effects of aerobic training, resistance training, or both on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2007; 147: 357-369.

9. Gan SK, Kriketos AD, Ellis BA, Thompson CH, Kraegen EW, Chisholm DJ. Changes in aerobic capacity and visceral fat but not myocyte lipid levels predict increased insulin action after exercise in overweight and obese men. Diabetes Care 2003; 26: 1706-1713.

10. Duncan GE, Perri MG, Theriaque DW, Hutson AD, Eckel RH, Stacpoole PW. Exercise training, without weight loss, increases insulin sensitivity and postheparin plasma lipase activity in previously sedentary adults. Diabetes Care 2003; 26: 557-562.

11. DeFronzo RA, Gunnarsson R, Bjorkman O, Olsson M, Wahren J. Effects of insulin on peripheral and splanchnic glucose metabolism in noninsulin-dependent (type II) diabetes mellitus. J Clin Invest 1985; 76: 149-155.

12. Hayashi T, Wojtaszewski JF, Goodyear LJ. Exercise regulation of glucose transport in skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol 1997; 273: E1039-E1051.

13. Goodyear LJ, King PA, Hirshman MF, Thompson CM, Horton ED, Horton ES. Contractile activity increases plasma membrane glucose transporters in absence of insulin. Am J Physiol 1990; 258: E667-E672.

14. Christ-Roberts CY, Pratipanawatr T, Pratipanawatr W, Berria R, Belfort R, Kashyap S, et al. Exercise training increases glycogen synthase activity and GLUT4 expression but not insulin signaling in overweight nondiabetic and type 2 diabetic subjects. Metabolism 2004; 53: 1233-1242.

15. Houmard JA, Tyndall GL, Midyette JB, Hickey MS, Dolan PL, Gavigan KE, et al. Effect of reduced training and training cessation on insulin action and muscle GLUT-4. J Appl Physiol 1996; 81: 1162-1168.

16. Houmard JA, Shinebarger MH, Dolan PL, Leggett-Frazier N, Bruner RK, McCammon MR, et al. Exercise training increases GLUT-4 protein concentration in previously sedentary middle-aged men. Am J Physiol 1993; 264: E896-E901.

17. Jackson AS, Pollock ML. Practical assessment of body composition. Physic Sport Med 1985; 13: 76-90.

18. Coggan AR, Coyle EF. Carbohydrate ingestion during prolonged exercise: effects on metabolism and performance. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 1991; 19: 1-40.

19. Plowman SA, Smith DL. Exercise physiology for health, fitness and performance. 3^rd Ed. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2011; 219-246.

20. Bosch AN, Dennis SC, Noakes TD. Influence of carbohydrate ingestion on fuel substrate turnover and oxidation during prolonged exercise. J Appl Physiol 1994; 76: 2364-2372.

21. Knudsen SH, Karstoft K, Pedersen BK, van Hall G, Solomon TP. The immediate effects of a single bout of aerobic exercise on oral glucose tolerance across the glucose tolerance continuum. Physiol Rep 2014; 2: e12114.

22. Mohebbi H. The effect of glucose and insulin on energy expenditure and substrate oxidation during prolonged intense exercise. Olympic 2004; 11: 51-66.

23. King DS, Baldus PJ, Sharp RL, Kesl LD, Feltmeyer TL, Riddle MS. Time course for exercise‐induced alterations in insulin action and glucose tolerance in middle‐aged people. J Appl Physiol 1995; 78: 17-22.

24. Kjaer M, Farrell PA, Christensen NJ, Galbo H. Increased epinephrine response and inaccurate glucoregulation in exercising athletes. J Appl Physiol 1986; 61: 1693-1700.

25. Sherwin RS, Sacca L. Effect of epinephrine on glucose metabolism in humans: contribution of the liver. Am J Physiol 1984; 247: E157-E165.

26. Lund S, Holman GD, Schmitz O, Pedersen O. Contraction stimulates translocation of glucose transporter GLUT4 in skeletal muscle through a mechanism distinct from that of insulin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995; 92: 5817-5821.

27. Rose AJ, Howlett K, King DS, Hargreaves M. Effect of prior exercise on glucose metabolism in trained men. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2001; 281: E766-E771.

28. Aschenbach JR, Borau T, Gabel G. Glucose uptake via SGLT‐1 is stimulated by beta(2)‐adrenoceptors in the ruminal epithelium of sheep. J Nutr 2002; 132: 1254-1257.

29. Osali A, Kordi M, Azad A. The effects of carbohydrates and branched chain amino acid supplements consumption in recovery period on secretion of insulin and preserving the performance of wrestlers. J Sport Bioscience 2009; 1: 129-144.

30. Bataille D. Molecular mechanisms of insulin secretion. Diabetes Metab 2002; 28: 4S7-13.

31. Pestell RG, Ward GM, Galvin P, Best JD, Alford FP. Impaired glucose tolerance after endurance exercise is associated with reduced insulin secretion rather than altered insulin sensitivity. Metabolism 1993; 42: 277-282.

32. Krotkiewski M, Gorski J. Effect of muscular exercise on plasma C‐peptide and insulin in obese non‐diabetics and diabetics, type II. Clin Physiol 1986; 6: 499-506.