کارایی عصاره‌ی Melia azedarach همراه با دوز پایین استامی‌پرید علیه شته کلم در مناظر شهری
محورهای موضوعی : مجله گیاهان زینتی
کمال احمدی
1
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احمد عبداله زاده زرندی
2
1 - گروه گیاه پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، ایران
2 - بخش گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان
کلید واژه: مدیریت شته, آفت‌کش‌های زیستی, هم‌افزایی حشره‌کش‌ها, مدیریت تلفیقی آفات, کنترل آفات شهری,
چکیده مقاله :
شته مومی کلم (L. Brevicoryne brassicae) که یکی از آفات مهم محصولات خانواده کلمیان محسوب می‌شود، معمولاً با استفاده از آفت‌کش‌های شیمیایی کنترل می‌گردد. بااین‌حال، استفاده بیش‌ازحد از این ترکیبات منجر به بروز مقاومت در آفات، آلودگی‌های زیست‌محیطی و مخاطرات بهداشتی می‌شود. ترکیب آفت‌کش‌های مصنوعی با عصاره‌های گیاهی طبیعی می‌تواند منجر به کاهش میزان مصرف آفت‌کش‌ها شود، درحالی‌که اثربخشی کنترل آفات همچنان حفظ گردد. در این پژوهش، کارایی ترکیب حشره‌کش استامی‌پرید با عصاره اتانولی-آبی میوه زیتون تلخ Melia azedarach L. از خانوادهMeliaceae در کنترل شته کلم و تولید پوره‌های آن مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که تیمار ترکیبی استامی‌پرید با غلظت 100 پی پی ام و عصاره اتانولی-آبی زیتون تلخ با غلظت 2000 پی پی ام در تمامی مراحل کمترین میانگین جمعیت را نشان داد؛ به‌طوری‌که تعداد شته‌ها در روز هفتم 64/0 ± 75/2، در روز چهاردهم 78/2 ± 60/10 و در روز بیست و یکم 15/8 ± 5/29 شته بود. میزان کل تولید پوره طی ده روز در تیمار شاهد بیشترین مقدار را داشت (27/1 ± 67/33)، درحالی‌که کمترین میزان تولید پوره در تیمار ترکیبی استامی‌پرید با غلظت 10 پی پی ام و زیتون تلخ با غلظت 2000 پی پی ام مشاهده شد (6/1 ± 98/26). علاوه بر این، میزان مرگ‌ومیر تجمعی طی ده روز نشان داد که ترکیب اخیر بالاترین درصد مرگ‌ومیر(21/4 ± 0/60) را در بین تیمارها ایجاد کرده است، درحالی‌که گروه شاهد کمترین میزان مرگ‌ومیر (47/4±0/30) را نشان داد. این نتایج بیانگر آن است که ترکیب آفت‌کش‌ها با عصاره‌های گیاهی ممکن است منجر به کاهش میزان مصرف آفت‌کش‌ها گردد، درحالی‌که کنترل مؤثر آفات همچنان حفظ شود؛ هرچند، انجام تحقیقات بیشتر برای تأیید این یافته‌ها ضروری است.
Brevicoryne brassicae L., a major pest of brassica crops, is typically controlled with chemical pesticides; however, excessive use leads to resistance development, environmental contamination, and health hazards. Combining synthetic pesticides with botanical extracts offers a promising strategy to reduce pesticide doses while maintaining efficacy. This study evaluates the combined effect of acetamiprid and an ethanolic-water extract of Melia azedarach L. (Meliaceae) on cabbage aphids and their nymph production. Results showed that the treatment with acetamiprid (100 ppm) and M. azedarach ethanolic-water extract (2000 ppm) had the lowest population averages at all-time points: 2.75±0.64 aphids on day 7, 10.60 ± 2.78 on day 14, and 29.5 ± 8.15 on day 21. The total nymph production over ten days was highest in the control treatment (33.67 ± 1.27), while the lowest average was observed in the acetamiprid (10 ppm) and M. azedarach (2000 ppm) treatment (26.98 ± 1.6). Furthermore, the total mortality percentages over ten days showed that the combination of acetamiprid (10 ppm) and M. azedarach (2000 ppm) caused the highest cumulative mortality (60.0 ± 4.21%), while the control group exhibited the lowest mortality (30.0 ± 4.47%). These findings indicate that combining pesticides with plant extracts may reduce the required pesticide dosage while maintaining effective pest control, although further research is needed to confirm these findings.
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