Screening of Eleven Festuca arundinaceaNative Populations for NaCl Tolerance in Order to Use in Green Space
محورهای موضوعی : مجله گیاهان زینتیAzadeh Mousavi Bazaz 1 , Ali Tehranifar 2 , Mohammad Kafi 3 , Ali Gazanchian 4 , Mahmood Shoor 5
1 - Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, I.R. Iran
2 - Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, I.R. Iran
3 - Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, I.R. Iran
4 - Resources Research Center of Khorassan. I.R. Iran
5 - Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, I.R. Iran
کلید واژه: Growth Parameter, salt tolerance, Native Population, tall fescue,
چکیده مقاله :
In the turfgrass industry, the need for salinity tolerant turfgrasses is increasing because of the increased use of saline and non-potable water. Greenhouse container experiments were conducted to determine the relative salinity tolerance and growth responses of eleven native populations of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schrub) (TF), including: Semirom, Mashhad, Sanandaj, Yasuj, Yazd Abad, Daran, Kamyaran, Gandoman, Borujen, Nasir Abad and Alborz to 8 weeks of salinity stress. Also, commercial TF was usedas control. Four salinity levels of irrigation water (0, 45, 90, 135 mM NaCl) were applied to turfgrasses. Results showed shoot and root dry weight, total leaf area, leaf length, leaf width and leaf firing percentage was significantly affected by salinity for all turfgrasses. The lowest leaf firing percentage at 90 and 135 mM, was related to Sanandaj population and commercial TF, and the highest leaf firing percentage was related to Alborz at 45 mM and Gandoman population at 90 and 135 mM. Shoot dry weight, total leaf area and leaf length of Sanandaj population was less affected by salinity compared to other populations. Based on data on growth parameters, the salinity tolerance ranking of selected populations was: Sanandaj >Daran >Yasuj>Kamyaran >Nasir Abad >Semirom >Mashhad >Alborz >Yazd Abad >Borujen >Gandoman . These results showed the potential and competetive role of TF native populations compared to commercial TF.
نیاز به تولید گرا سهای متحمل به دلیل استفاده فزاینده از آب شور و غیرقابل مصرف در حال افزایش است. آزمای شهای گلدانی به صورت گلخان های جهت تعیین تحمل نسبی و)Festuca arundinacea Schrub( پاس خهای رشدی به شوری 11 توده بومی فستوکا بلند شامل: سمیرم، مشهد، سنندج، یاسوج، یزد آباد، داران، کامیاران، گندمان، بروجن، نصیرآباد و البرز به مدت 8 هفته مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. همچنین فستوکا تجاری به عنوان شاهد مورد در گراس های )NaCl 90 و 135 میلی مولار ،45 ، استفاده قرار گرفت. چهار سطح آب شور ) 0کشت یافته در گلدان های پلاستیکی پر شده از ماسه خالص به عنوان بستر، مورد استفاده قرار گرفت و محلول هوگلند جهت تغذیه به کار رفت. نتایج نشان داد که صفات بیوماسقسمت هوایی، بیوماس ریشه، سطح برگ کل، طول برگ، عرض برگ و درصد خسارت برگ به طور معنی داری با افزایش شوری، افزایش یافت. کمترین درصد خسارت برگی در سطوح90 و 135 میلی مولار مربوط به توده سنندج و فستوکا تجاری بود، همچنین بیشترین درصد90 و 135 میلی مولار به ترتیب مربوط به تود ههای البرز، ، خسارت برگی در سطوح 45گندمان و گندمان بود. بیوماس قسمت هوایی، سطح برگ کل و طول برگ توده سنندج درمقایسه با سایر تود ههای بومی، کمتر تحت تاثیر شوری قرار گرفت. بر اساس داد ههای حاصلاز پارامترهای رشدی )بیوماس ریشه و قسمت هوایی، خسارت برگی، عرض برگ، طول برگ وسطح برگ(، رتبه بندی توده های بومی برای تحمل به شوری، عبارتند از: سنندج، داران، یاسوج،کامیاران، نصیرآباد، سمیرم، مشهد، البرز، یزدآباد، بروجن و گندمان. این نتایج بیانگر پتانسیل وتوان رقابتی توده های بومی با نوع تجاری آن می باشد.
Adavi, Z., Razmjoo, K. and Mobli, M. 2006. Salinity tolerance of bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.
L.C. Rich.) cultivars and shoot Na, K and Cl contents under a high saline environment.
Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 81: 1074–1078.
Alshammary, S.F., Qian, Y.L. and Wallner, S.J. 2004. Growth response of four turfgrass species to
salinity. Agriculture Water Management, 66: 97–111.
Bayat, H., Alirezaie M., Neamati, H. and Abdollahi Saadabad, A. 2013. Effect of silicon on growth
and ornamental traits of salt-stressed calendula (Calendula officinalis L.). Journal of Ornamental
Plants, 3 (4): 207-214.
Ben Amor, N., Ben Hamed, K., Debez, A., Grignon, C. and Abdelly, C. 2005. Physiological and
antioxidant responses of the perennial halophyte Crithmum maritimum to salinity. Plant
Science, 168: 889-899.
Chen, J., Yan, J., Qian, Y., Jiang, Y., Zhang, T., Guo, H., Guo, A. and Liu, J. 2009. Growth responses
and ion regulation of four warm season turfgrasses to long-term salinity stress. Scientia
Horticulturae, 122: 620– 625.
Dean, D.E., Devitt, D.A., Verchick, L.S. and Morris, R.L. 1996. Turfgrass quality, growth, and water
use influenced by salinity and water stress. Agronomy Journal, 88: 844– 849.
Dianati Tilaki, G.A., Shakarami, B., Tabari, M. and Behtari, B. 2010. Increased salt tolerance in
tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schrub.) by seed priming techniques during germination
and early growth. The Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, 44 (3): 177 – 182.
Diedhiou, C.J., Popova, O.V. and Golldack, D. 2009. Transcript profiling of the salt-tolerant Festuca
rubra ssp. litoralis reveals aregulatory network controlling salt acclimatization. Journal of
Plant Physiology, 166: 697-711.
Horst, G.L. and Taylor, R.M. 1983. Germination and initial growth of kentucky bluegrass in soluble
salts. Agronomy Journal, 75: 679- 681.
Hu, Y. and Schmidhalter, U. 2007. Effect of salinity on the composition, number and size of epidermal
cells along the mature blade of wheat leaves. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 49: 1016–1023.
Iqbal, M., Ashraf, M., Jamil, A. and Shafiq, U.R. 2006. Does seed priming induce changes in the
levels of some endogenous plant hormones in hexaploid wheat plants under salt stress?
Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 48: 181-189.
Lee, G., Carrow, R.N. and Duncan, R.R. 2004. Photosynthetic responses to salinity stress of halophytic
seashore paspalum ecotypes. Plant Science, 166: 1417–1425.
Luo, Q.,Yu, B. and Liu, Y. 2005. Differential sensitivity to chloride and sodium ions in seedlings
of Glycine max and G. soja under NaCl stress. Journal of Plant Physiology, 162: 1003-1012.
Marcum, K.B. 1999. Salinity tolerance mechanisms of grasses in the subfamily Chloridodeae.
Crop Science, 39: 1153–1160.
Marcum, K.B. 2006. Use of saline and non-potable water in the turfgrass industry: Constraints
and developments. Agriculture Water Manage, 80: 132–146.
Marcum, K.B. and Murdoch, C.L. 1994. Salinity tolerance mechanisms of six C4 turfgrasses. Journal
of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 119: 779–784.
Montaigne, F. 2002. Water pressure. National Geographic, 202 (3): 2–33.
Munns, R. 2002. Comparative physiology of salt and water stress. Plant Cell and Environment,
25: 239-250.
Neves-Piestun, B.G. and Bernstein, N. 2005. Salinity-induced changes in the nutritional status of
expanding cells may impact leaf growth inhibition in maize. Functional Plant Biology, 32: 141–152.
Qian, Y.L., Wilhelm, S.J. and Marcum, K.B. 2001. Comparative responses of two kentucky bluegrass
cultivars to salinity stress. Crop Science, 41: 1890–1895.
Sharbatkhari, M., Galeshi, S., Shobbar, Z.S., Nakhoda, B. and Shahbazi, M. 2013. Assessment of
agro-physiological traits for salt tolerance in drought-tolerant wheat genotypes. International
Journal of Plant Production, 7: 437- 454.
Simkunas, A., Valasinaite, S. and Pasakinskiene, I. 2007. Root growth characteristics of Festuca,
Lolium and Festulolium in relation to stress tolerance. Biologija, 18: 64–68.
Tarchoune, I., Sgherri, C., Izzo, R., Lachaal, M., Ouerghi, Z. and Navari-Izzo, F. 2010. Antioxidative
responses of Ocimum basilicum to sodium chloride or sodium sulphate salinization. Plant
Physiology and Biochemistry, 48: 772-777.
Uddin, K., Juraimi, A.S., Ismail, R., Hossain, A., Othman, R. and Abdul Rahim, A. 2012. physiological
and growth responses of six turfgrass species relative to salinity tolerance. The Scientific
World Journal, Volume 2012 (2012), Article ID 905468, 10 pages.
Whetherly, P.E. 1950. Studies in the water relation of cotton plants. The field measurement of water
deficit in leaves. New Phytology, 49: 81–87.
Wu, G., Chen, J., Hu, Z., Lang, C., Chen, X., Wang, F., Jin, W. and Xta, Y. 2006. Production of
transgenic tall fescue plants with enhanced stress tolerances by Agrobacterium tumefaciens
mediated transformation. Agricultural Sciences in China, 5(5): 330-338.
Zhao, J., Zhi, D., Xue, Z., Liu, H. and Xia, G. 2007. Enhanced salt tolerance of transgenic progeny
of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) expressing a vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter gene from
Arabidopsis. Journal of Plant Physiology, 164: 1377- 1383.