Effect of Heat Stress Duration on Growth, Flowering and Electrolyte Leakage in Four Cultivars of Calendula officinalis

محورهای موضوعی : مجله گیاهان زینتی

Tayebeh Nazdar ¹ (Department of Horticultural Science and Landscape, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Iran.)
Ahmad Nezami ² (Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Iran)
Ali Tehranifar ³ (Professor, Department of Horticultural Science and landscape, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran)
Hosein Nemati ⁴ (Department of Horticultural Science and Landscape, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Iran.)
Leila Samiei ⁵ (Department of Ornamental Plants, Research Center for Plant Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Iran)

تاریخ دریافت : 1395/03/14 تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/12/13 تاریخ انتشار : 1396/03/11

کلید واژه: Morphology, High temperature, Bedding plants, Thermotolerance,

چکیده مقاله :

In the floriculture industry, the need for heat tolerant bedding plant cultivars is increasing because of the rising temperature around the world. A pot experiment was carried out to examine the impacts of four heat stress durations (0, 7, 14 and 21 days) on growth and ornamental traits to determine the relative heat tolerance of four cultivars of calendula (Calendula officinalis). Growth and development were quantified by measuring plant height, total leaf area, shoot and root fresh weight, shoot and root dry weight, time to flowering, flower number, average flower size, and flower longevity. Plant height, leaf area, and shoot and root growth at 35-42°C were significantly lower than those at normal temperatures (20-30°C). Time to flowering increased with temperature. Flower number, size and longevity were reduced by heat stress, so that among all durations, plants exposed to heat stress for 21d had the least mean. Longer heat stress reduced the plant height, leaf area, shoot and root growth, SPAD value, flower diameter and flower longevity of all cultivars., However, the range percentage reduction in growth and flowering parameters were different among cultivars. Experiment to determine the membranedamageshowed an increasein percent electrolyte leakage with exposure of plants to higher temperatures. The studied cultivars differed in their sensitivity to heat stress. The results indicated that better cell membrane stability, higher shoot and root growth, and later flowering led to greater heat tolerance in ‘Indian Prince’ compared to other cultivars.

چکیده انگلیسی:

به دلیل افزایش دمای کره زمین نیاز به تولید ارقام گیاهان فصلی متحمل به گرما در حال افزایش است. به منظور بررسی اثرات طول دوره دمای بالا (صفر، 7، 14 و 21 روز) بر صفات رشدی و زینتی جهت تعیین تحمل نسبی چهار نوع ژنوتیپ همیشه بهار (Calendula officinalis) آزمایش گلدانی انجام شد. صفات ارتفاع گیاه، سطح برگ، وزن تر و خشک شاخه، وزن تر و خشک ریشه،  زمان گلدهی، تعداد گل، میانگین قطر گل و دوام گل جهت بررسی رشد و نمو مورد اندازه­ گیری قرار گرفتند. ارتفاع، سطح برگ و رشد شاخه و ریشه در دمای 42 - 35 درجه سانتی­گراد نسبت به دمای 30-20 درجه سانتی­گراد به طور معنی­ داری کمتر بود. افزایش دما باعث افزایش روز تا گلدهی (گلدهی دیرتر) شد. همچنین تنش گرمایی تعداد گل، اندازه و دوام گل را کاهش داد، به­ طوری که کمترین میانگین این صفات در بین طول دوره­ های مختلف دمای بالا، مربوط به 21 روز بود. افزایش دوره تنش گرمایی در تمام ارقام باعث کاهش ارتفاع، سطح برگ، رشد شاخه و ریشه، شاخص SPAD، قطر و دوام گل گردید، اما درصد کاهش پارامترهای رشد و گلدهی در بین ارقام متفاوت بود. با افزایش مدت تنش گرما، میزان نشت یونی برگ افزایش یافت. نتایج نشان داد ارقام مورد بررسی از نظر حساسیت به تنش دمای بالا تفاوت داشتند و رقم ‘Indian Prince’ به دلیل ثبات غشای سلولی بالاتر، رشد بهتر شاخساره و ریشه و گلدهی دیرتر نسبت به سه رقم دیگر تحمل گرمایی بالاتری دارد.

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