Relationship between Physico-Chemical Soil Properties and Drying of Coniferous Trees in the South of Tehran and Alborz by Multiple Linear Regression Models
محورهای موضوعی : مجله گیاهان زینتی
Afsoon Ahmadipour
1
(Ph.D. Student, Department of Soil Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.)
Ali Mohammadi Torkashvand
2
(Professor, Department of Soil Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran)
Abbas Ahmadi
3
(Associate Professor, Department of Soil Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran)
Raheleh Ebrahimi
4
(Assistant Professor, Department of Horticultural Science and Agronomy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran)
کلید واژه: pine, drying, MLR, Dryness, Eldarica,
چکیده مقاله :
In recent years, as a result of environmental stress, a large number of pine trees in parks and forestry in Tehran and Alborz provinces have dried up, that has conditions provided for contamination by secondary pests such as pine bark beetles (Orthotomicus erosus). In one hundred pine growing locations, three trees were randomly selected in each location, and in these locations, the average percentage of trees canopy dryness (three trees), the percentage of soil area under the trees canopy and the number of irrigations during in growing season (spring and summer) were measured; and thus the soils were sampled from the root activity zone at two depths of 0-30 and 30-60 cm. The percentage of coarse particles (> 2 mm) was measured in the soil samples after being dried in the vicinity of air, pounded and passed through a 2 mm sieve. In each soil sample, soil texture (percentage of sand, silt and clay particles), soil pH, electrical conductivity (ECe), equivalent calcium carbonate (CCE), organic matter and available concentration of sodium, potassium and phosphorus elements were measured. At a depth of 30-60 cm (subsurface soil), a soil sample was taken with a cylinder in order to measure the bulk density and soil porosity. Regression analysis was carried out using three methods: Enter, stepwise by backward and forward with 15 series of variables as input variables to estimate or predict the percentage of pine drying (dryness of tree canopy). In total, the forward stepwise regression model, with R2=0.757 and RMSE=15.02% error, the most suitable model is the most appropriate model for assessing the percentage of tree drying, with two variables, the percentage of subsurface sand of the soil (30-60 cm) and coarse material (> 2 mm) of soil surface depth (0-30 cm), a more suitable model was recognized.
در سال‌های اخیر در نتیجه تنش های محیطی تعداد زیادی از درختان کاج دراین پارک ها و جنگل کاری های استان های تهران و البرز دچار خشکی شده و شرایط را برای آلودگی آفات ثانویه نظیر سوسک های پوست خوار کاج (Orthotomicus erosus) فراهم نموده است. در یکصد محل رویش کاج، در هر محل، سه درخت به تصادف انتخاب شد و در این محل ها، میانگین درصد خشکیدگی درختان، درصد پهنه خاک زیر تاج پوشش و تعداد آبیاری در طول فصل رشد (بهار و تابستان) سنجش شد و نسبت به نمونه برداری از منطقه فعالیت ریشه در دو عمق 30- 0 و 60- 30 سانتی متری اقدام گردید. در نمونه های خاک پس از خشک شدن در مجاورت هوا، کوبیده شدن و عبور از الک 2 میلی متری، درصد ذرات درشت اندازه گیری شد. در هر نمونه خاک، بافت خاک (درصد ذرات شن، سیلت و رس)،pH خاک، قابلیت هدایت الکتریکی، کربنات کلسیم معادل، ماده آلی و غلظت قابل جذب عناصر سدیم، پتاسیم و فسفر اندازه گیری شدند. در عمق 60 -30 سانتیمتری (خاک زیرسطحی) نیز به منظور اندازه گیری جرم مخصوص ظاهری و تخلخل خاک، با سیلندر از خاک نمونه برداری شد. تجزیه و تحلیل رگرسیونی به سه روش Enter، گام به گام پس و پیش رونده با 15 سری متغیر به عنوان متغیرهای ورودی برای برآورد یا پیشبینی درصد خشکیدگی کاج انجام شد. در مجموع مدل رگرسیون گام به گام پیش رونده، با R2=0.757 و خطای RMSE=15.02، مناسب ترین مدل در برآرود درصد خشکیدگی درخت است که با دو متغیر درصد شن عمق زیر سطحی خاک (cm 60- 30) و مواد درشت عمق سطحی خاک (cm 30- 0)، مدل مناسب تری تشخیص داده شد.
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