Pre-Harvest Application of γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) and CaCl2 Improves the Vase Life of Rose cut cv. ‘Jumilia’
محورهای موضوعی : مجله گیاهان زینتی
Narges Ehsanimehr
1
(PhD Student, Department of Horticultural Science, Yasuj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yasuj, Iran)
Mehdi Hosseinifarahi
2
(Associate Professor, Department of Horticultural Science, Yasuj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yasuj, Iran)
Moslem Abdipour
3
(Assistant Professor, Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Yasuj, Iran)
Saeid Eshghi
4
(Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran)
کلید واژه: Calcium, Polyamines, Chlorophyll content, ACC synthase activity,
چکیده مقاله :
Rose is an important cut flower crop throughout the world in the floriculture industry. One of the most important problems of cut roses is their short post-harvest vase life, which imposes huge losses for cut plant production and trade in the market. This study aimed to investigate the effects of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and calcium chloride (CaCl2) on vase life and the ACC synthase activity of cut rose cv. ‘Jumilia’ flowers. A factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design (CRD) with 12 treatments and 3 replications was carried out in a soilless culture greenhouse. The treatments included GABA in four concentrations (0, 20, 40, and 60 mM) and CaCl2 in three concentrations (0, 0.75, and 1.5% as foliar application). The combined application of GABA and CaCl2 significantly prolonged the vase life of the cut rose flowers compared to the control. The results showed that the highest and lowest vase life were obtained from the flowers treated with 20, 40, or 60 mM GABA and 0.75 % CaCl2 and the untreated flowers, by 19.1, 18.86, 18.74, and 13.85 days, respectively. The pre-harvest application of GABA and CaCl2 inhibited the ACC synthase activity. The highest and lowest ACC synthase activity were observed in plants treated with 40 mM GABA and 1.5 and 0.75% CaCl2 and the untreated flowers by 3.57, 3.96, and 8.18 nmol g-1 FW, respectively. The combined application of GABA and CaCl2 increased the Ca content by 100.95% compared to the control plants. The highest and lowest total chlorophyll contents in the leaves were related to the plants treated with 60 mM GABA and 0.75 and 1.5% CaCl2 and the untreated flowers by 8.4, 8.24, and 6.22 mg g-1 FW, respectively. The foliar application of GABA and CaCl2 significantly (P < 0.01) increased the polyamines (PAs) contents, such as putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd), and spermine (Spm), in the petals of the treated rose flowers. So, the use of foliar application GABA 60 mM and CaCl2 1.5% is recommended due to the 38% increase in the vase life of cut rose flower.
این مطالعه با هدف بررسی اثرات گاما آمینو بوتیریک اسید (GABA) و کلرید کلسیم (CaCl2) بر عمر گلجایی و فعالیت آنزیم ACC سنتاز گل رز شاخه بریده رقم جومیلیا انجام شد. یک آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 12 تیمار و 3 تکرار در گلخانه کشت بدون خاک انجام شد. تیمارها شامل گابا در چهار غلظت (0، 20، 40 و 60 میلی‌مولار) و کلرید کلسیم در سه غلظت (0، 0/75 و 1.5 درصد به صورت محلول‌پاشی) بود. کاربرد ترکیبی گابا و کلرید کلسیم به طور قابل توجهی عمر گلجایی گل رز شاخه بریده را در مقایسه با شاهد افزایش داد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین و کمترین عمر گلجایی در گیاهان تیمار شده با گابا 20، 40 یا 60 میلی مولار و 0/75 درصد کلرید کلسیم کلسیم و گل های تیمار نشده به ترتیب با 19/1، 18/86، 18/74 و 13/85 روز به دست آمد. کاربرد قبل از برداشت گابا و کلرید کلسیم فعالیت آنزیم ACC سنتاز را مهار کرد. بیشترین و کمترین فعالیت ACC سنتاز در گیاهان تیمار شده با 40 میلی مولار گابا و کلرید کلسیم 1/5 و 0/75 درصد و گل های تیمار نشده به ترتیب با 3/57، 3/96 و 8/18 نانومول بر گرم وزن تر مشاهده شد. کاربرد ترکیبی گابا و کلرید کلسیم میزان کلسیم را 100/95 درصد نسبت به گیاهان شاهد افزایش داد. بیشترین و کمترین میزان کلروفیل کل در برگها مربوط به گیاهان تیمار شده با 60 میلی مولار گابا و 0/75 و 1/5 درصد کلرید کلسیم و گل های تیمار نشده به ترتیب با 8/4، 8/24 و 6/22 میلی گرم بر گرم وزن تر بود. محلول پاشی گابا و کلرید کلسیم به طور قابل توجهی (P < 0.01) باعث افزایش محتویات پلی آمین ها مانند پوترسین (Put)، اسپرمیدین (Spd) و اسپرمین (Spm) در گلبرگ های گل رز تیمار شده شد. بنابراین استفاده از محلول‌پاشی با 60 میلی مولار GABA و کلسیم کلرید 1/5 درصد به دلیل افزایش 38 درصدی عمر گل رز بریده توصیه می‌شود.
Abdolmaleki, M., Khosh Khui, M., Eshghi, S. and Ramezanian, A. 2015. Improvement in vase life of cut rose cv.“Dolce Vita” by preharvest foliar application of calcium chloride and salicylic acid. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, 2(2): 55-66. https://doi.org/10.22059/ijhst.2015.54264
Aghdam, M., Asil, M.H., Ghasemnezhad, M. and Mirkhalaei, S.A.A.M. 2019. Effects of pre-harvest applications of different source of calcium on the cell wall fractions and stem bending disorder of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii L.) cultivar flowers. Advances in Horticultural Science, 33(1): 57-65. doi:10.13128/ahs-23328
Aghdam, M.S., Hassanpouraghdam, M.B., Paliyath, G. and Farmani, B. 2012. The language of calcium in postharvest life of fruits, vegetables and flowers. Scientia Horticulturae, 144: 102-115. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2012.07.007
Al Shoffe, Y., Nock, J.F., Zhang, Y. and Watkins, C.B. 2021. Pre- and post-harvest γ-aminobutyric acid application in relation to fruit quality and physiological disorder development in ‘Honeycrisp’ apples. Scientia Horticulturae, 289. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2021.110431
Babarabie, M., Zarei, H. and Eskandari, A. 2019. The impact of pre-harvest treatment with gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and salicylic acid on vase life and post-harvest traits of tuberose cut flowers. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus, 18(4): 83-92. doi:10.24326/asphc.2019.4.8
Chamani, E. and Wagstaff, C. 2018. Response of cut rose flowers to relative humidity and recut during postharvest life. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, 5(5): 145-157. doi:10.22059/ijhst.2018.251634.214
Choi, H.Y., Bang, I.H., Kang, J.H. and Min, S.C. 2019. Development of a microbial decontamination system combining washing with highly activated calcium oxide solution and antimicrobial coating for improvement of Mandarin storability. Journal of Food Science, 84(8): 2190-2198. doi:10.1111/1750-3841.14719
Datta, S.K. 2022. Rose. In: Datta, S.K., Gupta, Y.C. (eds). Floriculture and ornamental plants. Handbooks of Crop Diversity: Conservation and Use of Plant Genetic Resources. Springer, Singapore. pp. 153-180. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3518-5_8
Deng, Y., Xu, L., Zeng, X., Li, Z., Qin, B. and He, N. 2010. New perspective of GABA as an inhibitor of formation of advanced lipoxidation end-products: It's interaction with malondiadehyde. Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology, 6(4): 318-324.
Fazli, M. and Ahmadi, N. 2024. The effect of methyl jasmonate on postharvest quality and expression of RhLAC and RhPIP2 genes in cut rose, ‘Red Alert’. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, 11(1): 15-24. https://doi.org/10.22059/ijhst.2023.353307.605
García-González, A., Soriano-Melgar, L.d.A.A., Cid-López, M.L., Cortez-Mazatán, G.Y., Mendoza-Mendoza, E., Valdez-Aguilar, L.A. and Peralta-Rodríguez, R.D. 2022. Effects of calcium oxide nanoparticles on vase life of gerbera cut flowers. Scientia Horticulturae, 291: 110532.
Gaurav, A.K., Namita Raju, D.V.S., Ramkumar, M.K., Singh, M.K., Singh, B., Krishnan, S.G., Panwar, S. and Sevanthi, A.M. 2021. Genetic diversity analysis of wild and cultivated Rosa species of India using microsatellite markers and their comparison with morphology based diversity. Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 31(1): 61-70. doi:10.1007/s13562-021-00655-3
Han, S., Liu, H., Han, Y., He, Y., Nan, Y., Qu, W. and Rao, J. 2021. Effects of calcium treatment on malate metabolism and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) pathway in postharvest apple fruit. Food Chemistry, 334: 127479. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127479.
Han, S., Nan, Y., Qu, W., He, Y., Ban, Q., Lv, Y. and Rao, J. 2018. Exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid treatment that contributes to regulation of malate metabolism and ethylene synthesis in apple fruit during storage. Journal of Agricultural and food chemistry, 66(51): 13473-13482.
Hayat, F., Khan, U., Li, J., Ahmed, N., Khanum, F., Iqbal, S., Altaf, M.A., Ahmad, J., Javed, H.U., Peng, Y., Ma, X., Tu, P., Chen, J. and Shahid, M.A. 2023. γ -Aminobutyric acid (GABA): A key player in alleviating abiotic stress resistance in horticultural crops: Current insights and future directions. Horticulturae, 9(6): 647. doi:10.3390/horticulturae9060647
Heidari Krush, G. and Rastegar, S. 2022. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) Inhibits the enzymatic browning of cut Narcissus tazetta cv. ‘Shahla-e-Shiraz’ flowers during vase life. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 42(4): 2602-2612. doi:10.1007/s00344-022-10730-1
Hosseini Farahi, M. and Aboutalebi Jahromi, A. 2018. Effect of pre-harvest foliar application of polyamines and calcium sulfate on vegetative characteristics and mineral nutrient uptake in Rosa hybrida. Journal of Ornamental Plants, 8(4): 241-253.
Hosseini Farahi, M., Kholdebarin, B., Eshghi, S., Jamali, B. and Reza Roosta, H. 2019. Changes in plant growth substances, contents and flower quality of rose cv. ‘Dolce Vita’ in response to nitrogen sources under soilless culture conditions. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 42(9): 1047-1060. doi:10.1080/01904167.2019.1578373
Hu, X., Xu, M., Xu, W., Li, J., Zhao, N., and Zhou, Y. 2015. Application of γ-aminobutyric acid demonstrates a protective role of polyamine and GABA metabolism in muskmelon seedlings under Ca (NO3)2 stress. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 92: 1-10.
Jiang, W.B., Mayak, S. and Halevy, A.H. 1994. The mechanism involved in ethylene-enhanced ethylene synthesis in carnations. Plant growth regulation, 14: 133-138.
Jowkar, M., Hassanzadeh, N., Kafi, M. and Khalighi, A. 2017. Comprehensive microbial study on biocide application as vase solution preservatives for cut ‘Cherry Brandy’rose flower. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, 4(1): 89-103.
Kaspal, M., Kanapaddalagamage, M.H. and Ramesh, S.A. 2021. Emerging roles of γ aminobutyric acid (GABA) gated channels in plant stress tolerance. Plants (Basel), 10 (10): 2178. doi: 10.3390/plants10102178
Kaur, R., Kaur Zhawar, V., Kaur, G. and Asthir, B. 2020. Gamma-amino butyric acid effect in the alleviation of saline–alkaline stress conditions in rice. Cereal Research Communications, 49 (3): 355-363.
Khalaj, M.A., Azimi, M.H., Edrisi, B. and Sayyad-Amin, P. 2023. Growth, flowering, and durability of gladiolus affected by foliar application of calcium from different sources and at different doses. Journal of Ornamental Plants, 13(1): 53-65.
Li, Z., Wang, L., Xie, B., Hu, S., Zheng, Y. and Jin, P. 2020. Effects of exogenous calcium and calcium chelant on cold tolerance of postharvest loquat fruit. Scientia Horticulturae, 269: 109391. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109391
Loranty, A., Rembiałkowska, E., Rosa, E.A. and Bennett, R.N. 2010. Identification, quantification and availability of carotenoids and chlorophylls in fruit, herb and medicinal teas. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 23(5): 432-441.
Mahjoory, F., Ebrahimzadeh, A., Hassanpouraghdam, M.B. and Aazami Mavaloo, M.A. 2019. Effects of postharvest γ-aminobutyric acid treatment on vase life and antioxidant enzymes activity of Anthurium cv. Sirion under chilling stress. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, 20(4): 435-446.
Mahjoory, F., Ebrahimzadeh, A., Hassanpouraghdam, M.B. and Aazami Mavaloo, M.A. 2019. Postharvest GABA application effects on some biochemical characteristics of anthurium cut flowers under cold storage conditions. Journal of Ornamental Plants, 9(2): 115-127.
Mirzaei Mashhoud, M., Aelaei, M. and Mortazavi, S.N. 2016. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) treatment improved postharvest indices and vase-life of ‘Red Naomi’ rose cut flowers. Acta Horticulturae, 1131: 33-40. doi:10.17660/ActaHortic.2016.1131.5
Mittler, R. 2002. Oxidative stress, antioxidants and stress tolerance. Trends in Plant Science, 7(1): 405-410. doi: 10.1016/s1360-1385(02)02312-9
Mohammadi, M., Aelaei, M. and Saidi, M. 2020. Pre-harvest and pulse treatments of spermine, γ- and β-aminobutyric acid increased antioxidant activities and extended the vase life of gerbera cut flowers ‘Stanza’. Ornamental Horticulture, 26(2): 306-316. 10.1590/2447-536x.v26i2.2120
Mohammadi, M., Aelaei, M. and Saidi, M. 2021. Pre-harvest spray of GABA and spermine delays postharvest senescence and alleviates chilling injury of gerbera cut flowers during cold storage. Scientific Report, 11(1): 14166. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-93377-4
Molaei, M., Farahmand, H. and Nasibi, F. 2021. Vase life and antioxidant status of two carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) cultivars affected by gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) treatments. Journal of Horticulture and Postharvest Research, 4(4): 497-508. doi:10.22077/jhpr.2021.4309.1207
Nazoori, F., Zamani Bahramabadi, E., Mirdehghan, S.H. and Rafie, A. 2020. Extending the shelf life of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) by GABA coating application. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 14(5): 2760-2772.
Pun, U. and Ichimura, K. 2003. Consideration of factors for vase life evaluation of cut flowers: A review. Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, 24: 1-4.
Rasouli, O., Ahmadi, N., Behmanesh, M. and Nergi, M.D. 2015. Effects of BA and TDZ on postharvest quality and expression of laccase and aquaporin genes in cut rose ‘Sparkle’. South African Journal of Botany, 99: 75-79.
Ren, T., Zheng, P., Zhang, K., Liao, J., Xiong, F., Shen, Q., Ma, Y., Fang, W. and Zhu, X. 2021. Effects of GABA on the polyphenol accumulation and antioxidant activities in tea plants (Camellia sinensis L.) under heat-stress conditions. Plant Physioligy and Biochemistry, 159: 363-371. doi:10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.01.003
Samadzadeh, H. and Kamiab, F. 2017. Effects of silver and calcium nanoparticles on vase life and some physiological traits of ٬Konst Coco٫ Alstroemeria cut flower. Journal of Water and Soil Science, 8: 75-89.
Saeedi, M., Mirdehghan, S.H., Nazoori, F., Esmaeilizadeh, M. and Saba, M.K. 2022. Impact of calcium and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on qualitative attributes and shelf life characteristics of fresh in-hull pistachio during cold storage. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 187: 111863. doi:10.1016/j.postharvbio.2022.111863
SAS Institute, C., NC. 2017. Base SAS 9.4 Procedures Guide: Statistical Procedures. SAS Institute.
Schmitzer, V., Veberic, R. and Stampar, F. 2012. Prohexadione-Ca application modifies flavonoid composition and color characteristics of rose (Rosa hybrida L.) flowers. Scientia Horticulturae, 146: 14-20. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2012.07.035
Soleimani Aghdam, M., Naderi, R., Sarcheshmeh, M.A.A. and Babalar, M. 2015. Amelioration of postharvest chilling injury in anthurium cut flowers by γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) treatments. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 110: 70-76. doi:10.1016/j.postharvbio.2015.06.020
Tassoni, A., Accettulli, P. and Bagni, N. 2006. Exogenous spermidine delays senescence of Dianthus caryophyllus flowers. Plant Biosystems, 140(1): 107-114.
Vardien, W., Jacobs, G. and Hoffman, E.W. 2018. The efficacy ofγ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as a postharvest treatment in Protea, to enhance vase life and maintain quality. Acta Horticulturae, 1201: 413-418. doi:10.17660/ActaHortic.2018.1201.55
Yang, A., Cao, S., Yang, Z., Cai, Y. and Zheng, Y. 2011. γ-Aminobutyric acid treatment reduces chilling injury and activates the defence response of peach fruit. Food Chemistry, 129(4): 1619-1622. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.06.018
Yu, C., Zeng, L., Sheng, K., Chen, F., Zhou, T., Zheng, X. and Yu, T. 2014. γ-Aminobutyric acid induces resistance against Penicillium expansum by priming of defence responses in pear fruit. Food Chemistry, 159: 29-37.
Zhu, J., Li, C., Sun, L., Cheng, Y., Hou, J., Fan, Y. and Ge, Y. 2022. Application of γ-aminobutyric acid induces disease resistance in apples through regulation of polyamine metabolism, GABA shunt and reactive oxygen species metabolism. Scientia Horticulturae, 291: 110588. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2021.110588