مهار زیستی پوسیدگی طوقه و ریشه تویا با استفاده از برخی باکتری های آنتاگونیست
محورهای موضوعی : مجله گیاهان زینتی
هادی رهاننده
1
(گروه زراعت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد رشت، رشت، ایران، پ. باکس 4415866865، ایران)
شعیب قدیمی
2
(دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد بیماری شناسی گیاهی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد رشت ایران)
کلید واژه: آنتاگونیست, باکتری, پوسیدگی طوقه, فیوزاریم آکسیسپورم, تویا,
چکیده مقاله :
بيماري پژمردگي و پوسيدگي ريشه و طوقه تویا با عامل Fusarium oxysporum يكي از بيماري‌هاي مهم در كشت تویا مي‌باشد. در این پژوهش اثر هشت سویه باکتریایی Bacillus licheniformis ، Bacillus megaterium ، Bacillus pumilus ، Bacillus subtilis ، Bacillus velezensis، Pseudomonas flurescens، Pseudomonas koreensi و Pseudomonas putida در مهار این بیماری در آزمایشگاه بررسی شد. در ميان آن‌ها براساس آزمون کشت متقابل و مشاهده هاله بازدارندگي، دواسترین B. velezensis و B. subtilis به ترتیب با33/9 و6/5 درصد بیشترین بازدارندگی را داشتند. در بررسي ميزان تاثير تركيبات فرار ضد قارچي غیر همزمان P. flurescens با 33/58 درصد بیشترین بازدارندگی را داشت. ترکیبات فرار همزمان باکتری های P. koreensi، P. flurescens، B. pumilus و B. megaterium بطور کامل باعث کنترل عامل بیماری شدند. در بررسي تأثير متابوليت هاي مايع خارج سلولي فيلتر شده روي رشد کلنی بيمارگر، مشاهده گرديد که با افزايش غلظت متابوليت ها، درصد بازداري از رشد پرگنه بيمارگر توسط تمامي استرين‌هاي باکتريايي افزايش مي يابد. بهترين استرين‌ها در مقابل F. oxysporum استرين های B. velezensis، B. subtilis و B. pumilus بودند که در غلظت 25%به ترتیب با50، 27/72 و 67/86 درصد، در غلظت 15% استرین B. pumilus با66/75 درصد و استرین B. velezensis با 66/46 درصد بازدارندگی و در غلظت 5% استرین B. pumilus با 44 درصد بيشترين بازداري از رشد پرگنه قارچي را به خود اختصاص دادند. در تست تولید پروتئاز در بررسی¬های به عمل آمده، تمامی جدایه ها قادر به تولید پروتئاز بودند. تنها استرين P. fluorescent قادر به توليد سيدروفور بود. در بررسي هاي ميكروسكوپي تمامي استرين‌هاي مورد بررسي باعث تغييرات مرفولوژيكي و به هم تابيدگي قسمتهاي مختلف ريسه و تخريب شدند.
Root and collar rot of Thuja caused by Fusarium oxysporum is one of the important diseases in Thuja cultivation. In this research, the effect of eight bacterial strains of Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus velezensis, Pseudomonas flurescens, Pseudomonas koreensi and Pseudomonas putida in controlling this disease was investigated in the laboratory. Among them, based on the dual culture test and observation of the inhibition zone, B. velezensis and B. subtilis had the highest inhibition with 9.33% and 5.6%, respectively. In the study of the effectiveness of non-simultaneous antifungal volatile compounds, P. flurescens had the highest inhibition with 58.33%. The simultaneous volatile compounds of P. koreensi, P. flurescens, B. pumilus, and B. megaterium completely controlled the disease agent. In the study of the effect of filtered extracellular liquid metabolites on the growth of the pathogen colony, it was observed that with the increase in the concentration of the metabolites, the inhibition percentage of the growth of the pathogen colony by all bacterial strains increases. The best strains against F. oxysporum were B. velezensis, B. subtilis, and B. pumilus strains, which in 25% concentration were 50, 72.27 and 86.67%, respectively, and in 15% concentration B. pumilus strain was 66. 75% and B. velezensis strain with 46.66% inhibition, and at 5% concentration, B. pumilus strain with 44% inhibited the growth of the fungal colony. In the protease production test, all isolates were able to produce protease. Only P. fluorescent strain was able to produce a siderophore. In the microscopic studies, all the investigated strains caused morphological changes, fusion of different parts of the filaments, and destruction.
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