ارزیابی تاثیر محلولپاشی نانوذرات‌کیتوسان و سالیسیلیک اسید بر روی روند کاهش پیری گلبرگ‌ها و افزایش کیفیت پس از برداشت گل‌های شاخه بریده رز رقم سامورایی
محورهای موضوعی : مجله گیاهان زینتیویدا جودی 1 , منصور مطلوبی 2 , اصغر ابراهیم زاده 3 , غلامرضا مهدوی نیا 4
1 - دانشجوی دکترای رشته علوم باغبانی دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، ایران
2 - گروه علوم باغبانی. دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران
3 - دانشیار گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه، ایران
4 - استاد گروه شیمی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه مراغه، ایران
کلید واژه: رز بریده, عمر گلجائی, سالسیلیک اسید , کیتوسان, تیمار اسپری,
چکیده مقاله :
افزایش عمر پس از برداشت گل‌های شاخه بریده، اهمیت بسیاری در صنعت گل و گیاهان زینتی دارد. در مطالعه حاضر، اثربخشی نانوذرات کیتوسان و سالیسیلیک اسید در تأخیر پیری گلبرگ‌های گل رز شاخه بریده مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. این تحقیق در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با 9 تیمار در شش تکرار انجام گردید که اعمال تیمارها به روش محلولپاشی گلبرگی هر سه روز یکبار صورت گرفت. تیمار نانوذره کیتوسان با دو غلظت (0/1 و 0/5 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر) و سالیسیلیک اسید با دو غلظت (0/1 و 0/3 میلی‌مولار) بر کیفیت گل‌های شاخه بریده رز بررسی گردید. صفات بیوشیمیایی و آنزیمی طی دوره زمانی 15 روزه (1، 4، 7، 11، 15 روز پس از برداشت) و صفات عمر گلجایی و جذب نسبی آب و نشت الکترولیت روزانه و تا پایان عمر گل‌ها اندازه‌گیری شدند. حداکثر عمر گلجائی 17/8 روز بود و در گل‌هایی که تحت محلولپاشی گلبرگی با ترکیب تیماری 0/5 میلی‌گرم در لیتر نانوذرات کیتوزان با 0/3 میلی‌مولار سالیسیلیک اسید قرار گرفتند، بیشترین عمر پس از برداشت و در تیمار شاهد (آب مقطر) کمترین عمر گلجائی (13/5 روز) مشاهده گردید. همچنین میزان آب جذب شده نسبی گلبرگ‌ها و محتوای فلاونوئید در گلبرگ‌های تیمار شده توسط تیمار ترکیبی 0/5 میلی‌گرم در لیتر نانوذرات کیتوسان با 3/0 میلی‌مولار سالیسیلیک اسید به طور چشمگیری افزایش یافت. تیمارهای حاوی نانوذرات کیتوسان به ویژه تیمار ترکیبی 0/5 میلی‌گرم در لیتر نانوذرات کیتوسان با 0/3 میلی‌مولار سالیسیلیک اسید باعث کاهش میزان نشت الکترولیت با حفظ شاخص غشایی گلبرگ ها و افزایش عمر گلجایی گردید. ضمنا فعالیت آنزیمه ای آنتی اکسیدانتی از جمله گایاکول پراکسیداز، پلی فنول اکسیداز، پراکسیداز و هیدروژن پراکسید در گل های محلولپاشی شده با ترکیب تیماری 0/5 میلی‌گرم در لیتر نانوذرات کیتوسان با 0/3 میلی‌مولار سالیسیلیک اسید، کمترین میزان را نشان دادند. در میان غلظت های نانوذرات کیتوسان، طولانی‌ترین عمر گلجایی (15 روز) مربوط غلظت 0/5 میلی گرم در لیتر کیتوسان بود که افزایش 11 درصدی را در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد نشان داد، در حالی که بین تیمارهای اسید سالسیلیک، موثرترین تیمار برای افزایش عمر گلجایی با 6 % افزایش نسبت به شاهد مربوط به تیمار 0/3 میلی‌مولار کیتوسان بود. در نهایت تیمارهای ترکیبی نانوذرات کیتوسان و سالیسیلیک اسید در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد ضمن افزایش کیفیت پس از برداشت رزهای شاخه بریده رقم "Samuraie" باعث افزایش چشمگیر 31 درصدی عمر گلجائی رزها در مقایسه با گل‌های تیمار نشده گردیدند.
Extending the flower vase life is very important in the floriculture industry. In present study, the effectiveness of chitosan and salicylic acid nanoparticles in delaying of the senescence of cut roses was evaluated. Experiments were performed in a completely randomized design with 9 treatments in six repetitions, and the treatments were applied by petal spraying every three days. Chitosan nanoparticles with two concentrations (0.1 and 0.5 mg/L) and SA with two concentrations (0.1 and 0.3 mM) on the postharvest quality of cut roses were tested. Biochemical and enzymatic traits were measured during a period of 15 days (1, 4, 7, 11, 15 days after harvest), whereas, the vase life, RWU and electrolyte leakage were recorded till the end of flowers vase life. The maximum vase life (17.8 days) observed in flowers subjected to foliar spraying of 0.5 mg L-1 of chitosan nanoparticles with 0.3 mM salicylic acid, while shortest flower longevity (13.5 days) obtained in untreated flowers. Also, the amount of relative solution uptake absorption of flowers and flavonoid content with significant increase were observed in 0.5 mg/L chitosan nanoparticles with 0.3 mM salicylic acid treatment. Treatments containing chitosan nanoparticles, especially the combined treatment of 0.5 mg/L of chitosan nanoparticles with 0.3 mM SA, reduced the amount of electrolyte leakage of the petals and increasing the vase life. Moreover, the lowest activity of antioxidant enzymes including GPX, PPO, POD and hydrogen peroxide were observed in flowers sprayed with 0.5 mgL-1 chitosan nanoparticles + 0.3 mM SA. Among chitosan nanoparticle treatments, the longest vase life was related to 0.5 mgL-1 (15 days), which increased flowers vase life by 11% compared to the control. Between SA treatments, the concentration of 0.3 mM was the most effective with a 6% increase in flowers vase life comparing untreated flowers. Finally, the combined treatments of chitosan nanoparticles and SA beside improving postharvest quality of cut roses, caused a 31% increase in flower longevity comparing untreated flowers.
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