The Morphological and Physiological Traits of Periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus L.) as an Ornamental-Medicinal Plant Species in Response to Salinity Stress and Biochar

محورهای موضوعی : مجله گیاهان زینتی

Seyedeh Fatemeh Mohammadi Kabari ¹ , Hossein Ali Asadi-Gharneh ² , Vahid Tavallali ³ , Vahid Rowshan ⁴

1 - Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
2 - Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
3 - Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University (PNU), P.O. Box: 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran
4 - Department of Natural Resources, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Shiraz, Iran, PO Box 71555-617

تاریخ دریافت : 1402/06/23 تاریخ پذیرش : 1402/09/07 تاریخ انتشار : 1402/09/10

کلید واژه: environmental stress, Proline, Soil fertility, Active carbon, Antioxidant enzymes,

چکیده مقاله :

Biochar is a sort of organic fertilizer derived from the pyrolysis of plant residuals and crop waste and is recommended for improving soil fertility and modifying saline soils. In this regard, the effect of biochar on moderating the effects of salinity stress on growth and some physiological traits Catharanthus roseus L. was explored in a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with two treatments including salinity stress (0, 1000, 2000, and 3000 mg/kg NaCl) and biochar (0, 2, and 4%) in 3 replications, 36 plots, and 6 plants per plot. The study was conducted in pots in the spring of 2021. The results showed that salinity negatively influenced all studied morphological traits and relative water content (RWC) whereas biochar, especially at the rate of 2%, helped their preservation and improvement. With increasing the salinity level, the proline content and total soluble solids (TSS) increased versus the control. The highest level of proline (346.48 mmol/kg FW) and TSS (1.42°Brix) were recorded for NaCl3000 mg/kg × biochar0%. A decline was recorded in malondialdehyde (MDA) with the application of 2% biochar at all four NaCl levels, but biochar at the rate of 4% failed to alleviate salinity effects at the highest level of NaCl (3000 mg/kg) and this treatment exhibited the highest MDA level. The highest activities of peroxidase (POD) (1.56 IU/g FW/min) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) (9.40 IU/g FW/min) were observed in the treatment of NaCl1000 mg/kg × biochar2%. With increasing the NaCl level (2000 and 3000 mg/kg), POD and APX activities decreased, which was accompanied by an increased accumulation of MDA. Based on the results, it can be concluded that by applying 2% biochar at the salinity level of 1000 or 2000 mg/kg, periwinkle plants with acceptable morphophysiological traits can be produced.

چکیده انگلیسی:

بیوچار نوعی کود آلی حاصل بقایای گیاهی و ضایعات کشاورزی است که جهت تقویت حاصلخیزی خاک و همچنین اصلاح خاک‌های شور پیشنهاد می‌شود. در این راستا جهت بررسی تاثیر بیوچار بر تعدیل آثار تنش شوری بر رشد و برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک پریوش آزمایشی فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با دو تیمار شامل تنش شوری  (0، 1000، 2000 و 3000 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم خاک کلرید سدیم) و بیوچار (0، 2 و 4 درصد) در سه تکرار، 36 پلات و 6 بوته در هر پلات انجام شد. این آزمایش در بهار 1401 بصورت گلدانی انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که شوری تاثیر منفی و کاهشی بر تمامی صفات مورفولوژیک ارزیابی شده و محتوای نسبی آب برگ داشت درحالی‌که بیوچار بخصوص 2 درصد موجب حفظ و بهبود صفات فوق شد. با افزایش سطح شوری مقدار پرولین و مواد جامد محلول نسبت به شاهد افزایش یافت و بیشترین مقدار پرولین (346.48 میلی مول درکیلوگرم وزن تر) و مواد جامد محلول (1.42 درجه بریکس)برای NaCl3000mg/kg × Biochar0% ثبت شد. کاهش تجمع مالون‌دی‌آلدهید (MDA) با مصرف 2 درصد بیوچار در هر 4 سطح کلرید سدیم ثبت شد اما در بالاترین سطح کلرید سدیم (NaCl3000mg/kg) بیوچار 4 درصد قادر به کاهش آثار شوری نبود و بیشترین مقدار MDA را بخود اختصاص داد. بیشترین فعالیت آنزیم پراکسیداز (1.56 واحد آنزیم در هر گرم وزن تر در دقیقه) و آسکوربات پراکسیداز (9.40 واحد آنزیم در هر گرم وزن تر در دقیقه) برای NaCl1000mg/kg×Biochar2% ثبت شد. با افزایش سطح کلرید سدیم (2000 و 3000 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم خاک) فعالیت آنزیم‌‌های پراکسیداز و آسکوربات پراکسیداز نیز کاهش یافت که با افزایش تجمع MDA در این تیمارها همراه بود. با توجه به نتایج حاصل می‌توان بیان کرد که در شوری 1000 یا 2000 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم با کاربرد 2 درصد بیوچار، می‌توان گیاهانی از پریوش با صفات مورفو- فیزیولوژیکی قابل قبول تولید نمود.

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