The Impact of Different Levels of Azocompost on Growth Medium Chemical Characteristics, Growth and Nutrition of Zinnia elegans
محورهای موضوعی : مجله گیاهان زینتی
Maryam Marashi
1
(Assistant Professor, Department of Soil Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran)
Davood Shafaghatian
2
(Former MSc. Student, Department of Horticulture, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran)
Ali Mahboub Khomami
3
(Soil and Water Research Department, Gilan, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Rasht, Iran)
کلید واژه: nitrogen, Nutrition, environment, phosphorus, Potassium, Nutrient,
چکیده مقاله :
Excessive accumulation of azolla in the wetlands of Guilan is currently an environmental problem. To this aim, a study was conducted to investigate the effect of Azolla compost on the growth medium of Zinnia ornamental plant. The treatment was a sandy loam soil and Azolla compost was replaced with 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% by volume. The research was performed based on a completely randomized design with three replications and 54 pots. The chemical properties of the substrate including electrical conductivity, acidity, nitrogen content and phosphorus and potassium levels were measured. Growth indices including fresh and dry weight of leaves, stems, roots and flowers, and leaf chlorophyll content were also measured. Nutrient concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the leaves of zinnia plant were measured. The results showed that the highest growth rate was observed in 20 and 30 % treatments of Azolla compost and the lowest growth rate was observed in control treatments. Azolla compost increased the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the leaves, which indicated an increase in the quality of plant nutrition. Higher amounts of compost (40 and 50%) reduced plant growth indices compared to 20 and 30% compost treatments, but in the same treatments, plant growth was significantly higher than the control. In general, it can be concluded that Azolla compost can be used as a suitable organic matter in zinnia medium.
تجمع بیش از حد آزولا در تالاب های گیلان، در حال حاضر یک مشکل زیست محیطی است. به همین منظور ، مطالعه­ای برای بررسی تأثیر کمپوست آزولا بر روی محیط رشد گیاه زینتی آهار (Zinnia elegans) انجام شد. تیمار شاهد یک خاک لوم شنی بود که کمپوست آزولا در مقادیر 10 ، 20 ، 30 ، 40 و 50 درصد حجم جایگزین خاک شدند. این تحقیق بر اساس یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار و سه عدد از هر گیاه با 54 گلدان انجام شد. خصوصیات شیمیایی بستر شامل هدایت الکتریکی، اسیدیته، مقدار نیتروژن و میزان فسفر و پتاسیم اندازه­گیری شد. شاخص­های رشد گیاه شامل وزن تر و خشک برگ، ساقه، ریشه و گل و مقدار کلروفیل برگ و غلظت عناصر غذایی نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم در برگ­های گیاه آهار اندازه­گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین میزان رشد در تیمارهای 20 و 30 درصد کمپوست آزولا و کمترین میزان رشد در تیمار شاهد مشاهده شد. کمپوست آزولا باعث افزایش غلظت نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم در برگ­ها شد که این نشان­دهنده افزایش کیفیت تغذیه گیاه است. مقادیر بیشتر کمپوست (40 و 50 درصد) باعث کاهش شاخص­های رشد گیاه در مقایسه با تیمارهای 20 و 30 درصد کمپوست شد، اما در تیمارهای مشابه، رشد گیاه به طور قابل توجهی بیشتر از شاهد بود. به­طورکلی می توان نتیجه گرفت که کمپوست آزولا می­تواند به­عنوان ماده آلی مناسبی در محیط کشت آهار مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.
Abad, M., Noguera, P. and Bures, S. 2001. National inventory of organic wastes for use as growing media for ornamental potted plant production: Case study in Spain. Bioresource Technology, 77: 197–200.
Ashoorzadeh, H., Mohammadi Torkashvand, A. and Mahboub Khomami, A. 2016. Choose a planting substrate and fertilization method to achieve optimal growth of Araucaria excelsa. Journal of Ornamental Plants, 6(3): 201-215.
Atiyeh, R.M., Arancon, N., Edwards, C.A. and Metzeger, J.D. 2000. Influence of earth worm–processed pig manure on the growth and yield of greenhouse tomatoes. Bioresource Technology, 75:175-180.
Brenzel, K.N. 2012. Sunset western garden book, U.S.A. Time Home Entertainment, Inc. 661 pages.
Carter, C.T. and Grieve, C.M. 2010. Growth and nutrition of two cultivars of Zinnia elegans under saline conditions. Journal of HortScience, 45(7): 1058–1063.
Chen, Y., Inbar, Y. and Hadar, Y. 1988. Composted agricultural wastes as potting media for ornamental Plants. Soil Science, 145 (4): 298- 303.
Emami, A. 1996. Plant analysis method, Volume 2, Technical Journal No. 982, Soil and Water Research Institute, Iran. (in Persian)
Fred, D.R., Hariss, H.M., Watanabe, R. and Stanley, R.W. 1997. Plant growth in potting media using compost. Horticulture Research Note. University of Hawaii. pp 4.
Gayasinghe, G.Y., Liyana Arachchi, I.D. and Tokashiki, Y. 2010. Evaluation of containerized substrates developed from cattle manure compost and synthetic aggregates for ornamental plant production as a peat alternative. Resources Conservation and Recycling, 54: 1412–1418.
Ghasemi Ghahsareh, M. and Kafi, M. 2009. Floriculture. Author Publication, 313 pages.
Goos, R.J. 1995. A laboratory exercise to demonstrate nitrogen mineralization and immobilization. Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education, 24: 68-70.
Grigatti, M., Ciavatta, C. and Giorgioni, M.E. 2008. Growth and nutritional status of bedding plants on compost-based growing media. Acta Horticulturae, 779: 607-614.
Hameeda, B., Harini, G., Rupela, O.P. and Reddy, G. 2007. Effect of composts or vermicompost sorghum growth and mycorrhizal colonization. African Journal of Biotechnology, 6: 009-012.
Higaki, T. and Imamura, J.S. 1985. Performance of wood products as media for culture of Anthurium. College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii, Research Series 040-09.85 (3m).
Jankauskien, J. and Brazaity, A. 2008. The influence of various substratum on the quality of cucumber seedlirg and photosynthesis paramerers. Lithuanian Institute of Horticulture, 126 (3): 288- 303.
Kalemba, D. and Kunica, A. 2003. Antibacterial and antifungal properties of essential oils. Current Medicinal Chemistry, (10): 813-82.
Lumpkin, T.A. 1987. Environmental requirements for successful Azolla growth. In: Azolla tilization. Proceeding of the Workshop on Azolla Use, Fuzhou, China, pp. 88-97.
Mahboob Khomami, A. and Padasht Dehkaei, M.N. 2009. Effect of composted azolla in different growth media on growth and nutrient elements compasition in Ficus benjamina plant cv. Starlight. Seed and Plant Production, 25 (4): 417-430.
Mohammadi Torkashvand, A., Alidoust, M. and Mahboub Khomami, A. 2015. The reuse of peanut organic wastes as a growth medium for ornamental plants. International Journal Recycling Organic Waste Agriculture, 4: 85–94.
Mohammadi Torkashvand, A., Deljooy-e-Tohidi, T. and Hashemabadi, D. 2015. Effect of different growth media and fertilization methods on growth characteristics and yield of English daisy. Journal of Soil and Plant Interactions, 5 (4): 95-109
Mohammadi Torkashvand, A., Khanjani, H. and Sedaghathoor, S. 2015. The effect of cow manure compost in cultivation bed and irrigation water salinity on the growth of Strelitzia reginae. Trakia Journal of Sciences, 2: 137-142.
Murphy, J. and Riley, J.P. 1962. A modified single solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters. Analytica Chimica Acta, 27: 31–36.
Page, A.L., Miller, R.H. and Keeney, D.R. 1982. Methods of soil analysis. Part 2, Chemical and microbiological properties. American Society of Agronomy, Inc. Soil Science of America, Inc. Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Papafotiou, M., Phsyhalou, M., Kargas, G., Chatzipavlidis, I. and Chronopoulos, J. 2005. Olive-maill waste compost as growth medium component for the production of poinsettia. Horticultural Sciences, 102:167-175.
Peyvast, Gh., Olfati, J.A., Madeni, S., Forghani, A. and Samizadeh, H. 2008. Vermicompost as a soil supplement to improve growth and yield of parsley. International Journal of Vegetable Science, 14 (1): 82-92.
Poorghadir, M., Mohammadi Torkashvand, A., Mirjalili, S.A. and Moradi, P. 2021. Interactions of amino acids (proline and phenylalanine) and biostimulants (salicylic acid and chitosan) on the growth and essential oil components of savory (Satureja hortensis L.). Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 30: 101815. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101815
Rahmani Khalili, M., Asadi, M.S., Mohammadi Torkashvand A. and Pazira, E. 2020. Regression analysis for yield comparison of saffron as affected by physicochemical properties of the soil, case study in Northeast of Iran. Agricultural Research, DOI 10.1007/s40003-020-00455-6
Ramezanzadeh, F., Mohammadi Torkashvand, A. and Khakipour, N. 2014. The effect of organic substrates in growth media and fertilization method on the yield of Bellis perennis L. and nutrients uptake. Journal of Ornamental Plants, 4 (3): 133-144.
Rani, R. and Srivastava, O.P. 1997. Vermicompost: A potential supplement to nitrogenous fertilizer in rice nutrition. International Rice Research Notes, 22 (3): 30-31.
Reilly, A. 1978. Park’s success with seeds. South Caroline: Park Seed Co., Inc. 269 pages.
Scharpenseel, H.W. and Knuth, K. 1985. Use and importance of Azolla-Anabaena in industrial countries. In: Azolla utilization. Proceeding of the Workshop on Azolla Use, Fuzhou, China, pp. 154–167.
Shadanpur, F., Mohammadi Torkashvand, A. and Hashemi Majd, K. 2011. Marigold: The possibilty using vermicompost as the growth medium. Journal of Ornamental Plants, 1 (3): 153-160.
Tashakori, F., Mohammadi Torkashvand, A., Ahmadi, A. and Esfandiari, M. 2020. Comparison of different metthods of estimating saffron yield based on soil properties in Golestan province. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 51(13): 1767-1779.
Tofighi Alikhani, S.J., Tabatabaei, A., Mohammadi Torkashvand, A. and Khalighi, A. 2021. Effects of silica nanoparticles and calcium chelate on the morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii L.) under hydroponic condition. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 44(7): 1039-1053.
Verdonck, O. and Gabriels, R. 1992. I. Reference method for the determination of physical properties of plant substrates. II. Reference method for the determination of chemical properties of plant substrates. Acta Horticulturae, 302: 169-179.
Walker, D.J. and Bernal, M.P. 2008. The effecfs of olive mill waste compost and poultry manure on the availability and plant uptake of nutrients in a highly saline soil. Bioresource Technology, 99: 396 - 403.
Zaller, J.G. 2007. Vermicompost as a substitute for peat in potting media: Effects on germination, biomass allocation, yields and fruit quality of three tomato varieties. Scientia Horticulturae, 112: 191–199.