Evaluation of Different Growing Media and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Some Morphological Traits in Spathiphyllum wallisii L.

محورهای موضوعی : مجله گیاهان زینتی

Seyyed Fazel Fazeli Kakhki ¹ , Ali Reza Sharifian ² , Nasser Beikzadeh ³

1 - Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Mashhad, Iran
2 - PhD student in Ornamental Plants, Azad University of Arak, Iran
3 - Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Mashhad, Iran

تاریخ دریافت : 1398/06/04 تاریخ پذیرش : 1398/11/01 تاریخ انتشار : 1398/12/11

کلید واژه: Root dry weight, Leaf number, Shoot dry weight, Length of petiole,

چکیده مقاله :

In order to evaluate different growing media and nitrogen fertilizer (urea) on some morphological traits of Spathiphyllum, an experiment was carried out in a split-plot arrangement based on a completely randomized block design in three replications in greenhouse conditions in 2018. The main plot was assigned to different growing media including T1: leaf-mold, T2: vermicompost, and T3: a mixed growing medium (peat moss 20% + cocopeat 50% + perlite 30%) and the subplot was assigned to urea fertilizer at different rates of 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 g/L. Results showed that the mixed growing medium plus 2 g/L urea fertilizer had significant positive effects on all traits. According to the results for the interaction effects, the highest shoot fresh weight (26.5 g/plant), shoot dry weight (3.75 g/plant), root fresh weight (35.5 g/plant), root dry weight (4.87 g/plant), length petiole (55.1 cm), and leaf number (12.1) were obtained from the mixed growing medium plus 2 g/L urea fertilizer, while the traits were the least in all studied growing media plus 0 g/L urea fertilizer. The increase in the urea fertilizer from 0 to 2 g/L increased shoot dry weight and petiole length while the urea fertilizer at the rates of 3 and 4 g/L decreased them. The growing media with an EC of 2 dS/m, high porosity, and high water holding capacity can have significant effects on improving morphologic traits of Spathiphyllum plants.

چکیده انگلیسی:

به منظورمطالعه بسترهای مختلف کشت و کود ازته با منشا اوره بر برخی صفات مورفولوژیکی گیاه زینتی اسپاتی فیلوم، آزمایشی به­صورت طرح کرت‌های خرد شده بر پایه طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار و در شرایط گلخانه در سال 1397 اجرا شد. پلات اصلی شامل محیط کشت‌های خاک برگ، ورمی‌کمپوست و یک محیط رشد مخلوط (مرکب از 20 درصد پیت موس، 50 درصد کوکوپیت و 30 درصد پرلیت) بود و پلات فرعی نیز مقادیر مختلف کود اوره (شامل 0، 1، 2، 3 و 4 گرم در لیتر) بود. نتایج نشان داد که محیط رشد مخلوط به علاوه دو گرم در لیتر کود اوره، اثر مثبت معنی‌داری بر تمام صفات دارد. با توجه به نتایج اثرات برهمکنش، بیشترین وزن تر ساقه (5/26 گرم در هر بوته)، وزن خشک ساقه (75/3 گرم در هر بوته)، وزن تر ریشه (5/35 گرم در هر بوته)، وزن خشک ریشه (87/4 گرم در هر بوته)، طول دم‌برگ (1/55 سانتی‌متر) و تعداد برگ (1/12) از محیط رشد مخلوط به علاوه دو گرم در لیتر کود اوره حاصل شد در حالی که مقدار این صفات در تمام محیط‌های رشد بدون کود اوره، حداقل بود. افزایش کود اوره از صفر به دو گرم در لیتر، باعث افزایش وزن خشک ساقه و طول دم‌برگ شد در حالی که استفاده از سه و چهار گرم در لیتر کود اوره، مقدار این صفات را کاهش داد. محیط‌های رشد با هدایت الکتریکی دو دسی زیمنس در متر، تخلخل بالا و ظرفیت نگهداری بالای آب می‌تواند اثرات قابل ملاحظه‌ای بر بهبود صفات موفولوژیکی گیاه اسپاتی‌فیلوم داشته باشد.     

منابع و مأخذ:

Aslanpour, M., Shoor, M., Ghalekahi, B., Sharifi, A. and Kharazi, M. 2019. Effects of growing medium type on growth and flowering of African violet (Saintpaulia ionantha Wendi). International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, and Applied Sciences and Technoogies, 10 (5): 597-606.

Bidarnamani, F. and Zarei, H. 2014. Comparison of different pot mixtures containing perlite on growth and morphological characteristics of pothos (Scindapsus aureum L.). Journal of Ornamental Plants, 4 (4): 29-38.

Campos, R. and Reed, D.W. 1993. Determination of constant-feed liquid fertilization rates for spathiphyllum 'Petite' and dieffenbachia 'Camille'. Environment Horticulture, 11 (1): 22-24.

Chen, J., MacConnell, D.B., Henny, R.J. and Everitt, K.C. 2018. Cultural guidelines for commercial production of interior scape spathiphyllum. University of Florida IFAS Extension, USA.

Cho, M.S., Park, Y.Y., Jun, H.J. and Chung, J.B. 2006. Growth of gerbera in mixture of coir dust and perlite. Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology, 47 (4): 211-216.

Getachew, Z., Adisu, T., Abeble, L. and Anbessa, B. 2018. Vermicompost potential of common earthworms (Eudrilus eugeniae) and red wiggler (Eisenia fetida) worm on the decomposition of vari organic wastes.  International Journal of Plant and Soil Science, 24 (3): 1-13.

Ghasemi Ghahsareh, M. and Kafi, M. 2010. Floriculture (Scientific and practical).Tehran University Press, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian).

Habib, A.M. 2012. Effect of NPK and growing media on growth and chemical composition of fishtail palm (Caryota mitis Lour). Life Science Journal, 9 (4): 3159-3168.

Honfi, P., Gaspar, T.G. and Szabo-Erdelyi, E. 2010. Application of coir in cut lily production. Kertgazdasag Horticulture, 42, 93-100.

Hopkins, W.G. 2004. Introduction to plant physiology (3rd Ed.). John Wiley and Sons. New York. USA.

Isfendiyaroglu, M., Ozeker, E. and Baser, S. 2009. Rooting of 'Ayvalik' olive cuttings in different media. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 7 (1): 165-172.

Jabbar, A., Tahranifar, A., Shuor, M. and Nemati, S.H. 2018. Effect of different media on some growth, flowering and biochemical parameters of two cultivars of gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.) under soilless conditions. Journal of Ornamental Plants, 8 (3): 205-215.

Kakoei, F. and Salehi, H. 2013. Effects of different pot mixture on spathiphyllum (Spathiphyllum wallisii Regel) growth and development. Journal of Central European Agriculture, 14 (2): 140-148.

Khalaj, M.A., Amiri, M. and Sindhu, S.S. 2011. Study on the effect of different growing media on the growth and yield of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii L.). Journal of Ornamental and Horticultural Plants, 1 (3): 185-189.

Khayyat, M., Nazari, F. and Salehi, H. 2007. Effects of different pot mixtures on pothos (Epipremnum aureum Lindl. and Andre 'Golden Pothos') growth and development. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Science, 2: 341-348.

Mamba, B. and Wahome, P.K. 2010. Propagation of geranium (Perlagonium hortorum)
using different rooting medium components. American-Eurasian Journal of
Agricultural, Environmental Science, 7: 497-500.

Mashinchian, M., Kafi, M. and Kalatehjari, S. 2017. Effects of expanded clay (Leca) and styrofoam as inorganic growing media substances on growth and development of Spathiphyllum wallisii. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science, 7: 27-33. (In Persian).

Mobini, S.H., Ismail, M.R. and Arouiee, H. 2009. Influence of ventilation and media on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuberization and its growth characteristics. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8 (10): 2232-2241.

Papadopoulos, E., Gerasopoulos, D. and Maloupa, E. 1996. Effect of substrate and frequency of irrigation on growth, yield and quality of Gerbera jamesonii Bolus. cultivated in pots. Agricultura Mediterranea, 126 (3): 297-302.

Parviz, R. and Ali, S.S. 2014. Effect of different media on growth, sucker and chlorophyll of Pandanus spp. in under system mist. International Journal of Farming and Allied Sciences, 3 (3): 285-288.

Pathma, J. and Sakthivel, N. 2012. Microbial diversity of vermicompost bacteria that exhibit useful agricultural traits and waste management potential. SpringerPlus, 1: 26.

Paul, L.C. and Metzger, J.D. 2005. Impact of vermicompost on vegetable transplant quality. HortScience, 40 (7): 2020-2023.

Rajkumar, R., Gora, J.S., Kumar, R., Singh, A., Kumar, A. and Gajender, G. 2017. Effect of different growing media on the rooting of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cv. 'Phule Arakta' cuttings. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 9 (2): 715-719.

Razi Kordmahaleh, L., Asgharzadeh, A., Malakouti, M.J. and Kafi, M. 2005. Quality indices of compost. Sana Publication, Tehran, Iran.

Saberi, Z. 2005. Application zeolite, mika and other material as a culture media in tomato plant on hydroponic culture. MSc. Thesis, College of Agriculture, Industrial University of Isfahan.

Samartzidis, C., Awada, T., Maloupa, E., Radoglou, K. and Constantinidou, H.I.A. 2005. Rose productivity and physiological responses to different substrates for soilless culture. Scientia Horticulturae, 106: 203-212.

Sardoei, A.S. and Rahbarian, P. 2014. Effect of different media on chlorophyll and carotenoids of ornamental plants under system mist. European Journal of Experimental Biology, 4 (2): 366-369

Seyed Nasir, S. and Nikfarjam, H. 2017. Investigation growth of Araucaria excels L. in different methods of fertilization. Journal of Ornamental Plants, 7 (4): 257-262.

Simek, M. and Pizl, V. 1989. The effects of earthworms on nitrogenase activity. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 7: 370-373.

Taiz, L. and Zeiger, E. 2002. Plant physiology. 3rd Edition, Sinauer Associates, Inc. Publishers, Sunderland, MA, USA.

Taiz, L., Zeiger, E., Moller, I.M. and Murphy, A. 2014. Plant physiology and development. 6^th Edition. Sinauer Associates is an imprint of Oxford University Press.

Treder, J. 2008. The effect of cocopeat and fertilization on growth and flowering of oriental lily cv. Star Gazer. Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research, 16: 361-370.

Yahya, A., Shaharom, A.S., Mohamad, R. and Selamat, A. 2009. Chemical and physical characteristics of cocopeat-based media mixtures and their effects on the growth and development of Celosia cristata. American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, 4 (1): 63-71.