Polyploid Induction in Viola acuminata Ledebour using Colchicine
محورهای موضوعی : مجله گیاهان زینتی
1 - Department of Horticultural Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
کلید واژه: Antimitotic agents, Chromosome doubling, Ornamentals breeding, Tetraploidy, Violaceae,
چکیده مقاله :
This study was aimed to obtain polyploid plants of viola (Viola acuminata Ledebour) using the antimitotic agent colchicine. Experiments consisted in using colchicine on ungerminated seeds. The seeds were plunged into colchicine solutions in concentrations of 0.01, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.20% for 24 and 48 h. Polyploidy levels (diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid) were firstly detected by chromosome counting (karyotype), and then confirmed by anatomical and morphological parameters. The greatest percentage of polyploids was induced with 0.10% colchicine for 24 h. The chromosome number was 2n = 18 in diploids, 2n = 36 in tetraploid, and 2n = 54 in hexaploid. Differences in some morphological and anatomical parameters were significant between polyploid and control plantlets. The highest number of chloroplasts in guard cells was obtained in plantlets obtained from treated seed with 0.10% colchicine for 24 h. Exposure times of 48 h did not significantly influence polyploidisation. New ornamental varieties with improved characteristics may be producedby polyploid induction.
این مطالعه با هدف به دست آوردن گیاهان پلی‌پلویید بنفشه آفریقایی با استفاده از ماده‌ی ضد میتوز کلشی‌سین انجام شد. آزمایش‌ها با استفاده از کلشی‌سین روی بذرهای جوانه‌نزده انجام شد. بذرها به درون محلول‌های کلشی‌سین با غلظت‌های 01/0، 05/0، 10/0 و 20/0 درصد به مدت 24 و 48 ساعت غوطه‌ور شدند. سطوح پلی‌پلوییدی (دیپلویید، تتراپلویید و هگزاپلویید) در ابتدا توسط شمارش کروموزوم (کاریوتایپ) تعیین شدند و سپس توسط پارامترهای تشریحی و ریخت‌شناسی تایید گردیدند. بالاترین درصد پلی‌پلوییدها با کلشی‌سین 10/0 درصد به مدت 24 ساعت القا شد. تعداد کروموزوم در دیپلوییدها 18 = n2، در تتراپلویید 36 = n2 و در هگزاپلویید 54 = n2 بود. تفاوت‌ها در برخی پارامترهای ریخت‌شناسی و تشریحی بین گیاهچه‌های پلی‌پلویید و شاهد معنی‌دار بود. بیشترین تعداد کلروپلاست‌ها در سلول‌های نگهبان، در گیاهچه‌های تیمارشده با 10/0 درصد کلشی‌سین به مدت 24 ساعت به دست آمد. زمان در معرض قرار گرفتن 48 ساعت تاثیر قابل‌توجهی روی پلی‌پلوییدکردن نداشت. ارقام زینتی جدید با ویژگی‌های اصلاح‌شده می‌تواند توسط القای پلی‌پلویید تولید گردد.
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