Study of Aloysia citrodora Growth as an Ornamental-Medicinal Plant in Substrates Containing Natural and Synthetic Superabsorbents
محورهای موضوعی : مجله گیاهان زینتی
Maryam Marashi
1
(Assistant Professor, Department of Soil Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran)
Saba Ghasedi
2
(Former MSc. Student, Department of Soil Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran)
Shirin Seyed Nasir
3
(Former MSc. Student, Department of Soil Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran)
کلید واژه: Field capacity, Moisture curve, Municipale waste compost, Permanent wilting point,
چکیده مقاله :
In this study, we investigated the effects of organic waste and moisture superabsorbent on the amount of available water and delay in moisture equivalent of permanent wilting point (PWP) in soil. In the first phase (soil incubation phase), 12 treatments were studied in a completely randomized design at the Soil Science Laboratory of Science and Research Branch, Tehran. The treatments consisted of 5 and 10% compost (mixture of municipale waste compost and cow manure); 5, 15 and 30 g/kg soil of zeolite and 2, 4 and 8 g/kg soil of moisture superabsorbents (A200). In the second phase (greenhouse phase), three treatments with the highest delay in permanent wilting point with a control treatment were selected as planting media and in a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design, we studied the effect of planting substrate (four substrates) and irrigation period at three levels (48, 72 and 120 hours) on Aloysia citrodora growth. The results showed that the highest amount of FC moisture equivalent was related to the treatment with 8 g superabsorbent per kg soil. The highest delay in the permanent wilting point was for 8 g superabsorbent per kg of soil with a delay of 682 h. The highest total fresh weight of plant was observed in the treatment of 10 g of zeolite per kg of soil and 48 hours irrigation round with a mean of 9.47 g. In the superabsorbent treatment, leaf dry weight was higher than the control in 3 irrigation rounds. In general, the results showed that the addition of superabsorbent to the soil by delaying the plant's wilting point could save water use by increasing irrigation rounds.
در این تحقیق اثرات ضایعات آلی و یک سوپرجاذب رطوبت بر مقدار آب قابل استفاده و تأخیر در رطوبت معادل نقطه پژمردگی دائم در خاک بررسی شد. در فاز اول تحقیق (مرحله انکوباسیون خاک)، 12 تیمار در یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی در آزمایشگاه علوم خاک دانشگاه علوم و تحقیقات تهران مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. تیمارها شامل مقادیر 5 و 10 درصد حجمی از کمپوست زباله­های شهری و کود گاوی به همراه مقادیر 5 ، 15 و 30 گرم در کیلوگرم خاک از زئولیت و مقادیر 2، 4 و 8 گرم در کیلوگرم خاک از سوپرجاذب رطوبت (A200) بودند. در فاز دوم (فاز گلخانه‌ای)، بر اساس بیشترین مدت زمان رسیدن به نقطه پژمردگی دائم، سه تیمار که بالاترین میزان تأخیر در نقطه پژمردگی را نشان دادند، به عنوان بستر کاشت انتخاب شدند و به­همراه تیمار شاهد، در یک آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی، اثر بستر کاشت ( چهار بستر) و دور آبیاری در سه سطح ( 48، 72 و 120 ساعت)، روی ویژگی­های رشد به‌لیمو مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین مقدار رطوبت معادل FC مربوط به تیمار دارای 8 گرم سوپرجاذب­ به‌ازای هر کیلوگرم خاک است. بیشترین تأخیر در نقطه پژمردگی دائم در مقدار 8 گرم سوپرجاذب به‌ازای هر یک کیلوگرم خاک، با ایجاد تأخیر به میزان 682 ساعت ایجاد شد. بالاترین وزن تر کل گیاه در تیمار 10 گرم زئولیت در یک کیلوگرم خاک و دور آبیاری 48 ساعت با میانگین 47/9 گرم مشاهده شد. در تیمار سوپرجاذب در هرسه دور آبیاری مقدار وزن خشک برگ بیشتر از شاهد بود. در کل نتایج نشان دادند که افزودن سوپرجاذب به خاک با به تاخیر انداختن زمان پژمردگی گیاه، می تواند با افزایش دور آبیاری باعث صرفه­جویی در میزان مصرف آب شود.
Abdollahian-Noghabi, M. and Baradaran, M. 2001. Introduction of rapid method of water-release curve determining. Journal of Sugar Beet, 17 (1): 66-69. (In Persian)
Ahmadee, M., Khashei Suiki, A. and Hashemi, S.R. 2014. The effect of magnetic water and calcic and potasic zeolite on the yield of Lepiduim sativum L. International Journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research, 2(6): 2051-2060.
Akhter, J.K., Mahmood, K.A., Malik Mardan, A.M. and Iqbal, M.M. 2004. Effects of hydrogel amendement on water storage of sandy loam and loam soils and seedling growth of barley, wheat and chickpea. Plant Soil and Environment, 50 (10): 463- 469.
AL-Harbi, A.R., AL-Omran, A.M., Shalaby, .A.A. and Choudhary, M.I. 1999. Efficacy of a hydrophilic polymer declines with time in greenhouse experiments. Horticultural Science, 34 (2): 223-224.
Allah Dadi, A. 2002. Study of the effect of superabsorbent hydrogels on drought stress reduction in plants. Proceedings of the Second Specialized Training Course on Agricultural and Industrial Use of Superabsorbent Hydrogels, Tehran, p. 33-55. [In Persian]
Almasian, F., Astaraie, A. and Nasiri Mahallati, M. 2006. The effect of leachate and municipal waste compost on yield and yield components of wheat plant. Journal of Desert, 11 (1): 89-97. [In Persian]
Anupama, M.C., Singh Kumar, R., Parmar, B.S. and Kumar, A. 2005. Performance of a new superabsorbent polymer on seedling and post planting growth and water use pattern of chrysanthemum grown under controlled environment. Acta Horticulturae, 742: 43-50.
Arbona, V., Iglesias, D.J., Jacas, J., Primo- Millo, E., Talon, M. and Gomez – Adenas, A. 2005. Hydrogel substrate amendement alleviates drought effects on young citrus plants. Plant and Soil, 270 (1):73 – 82.
Ashoorzadeh, H., Mohammadi Torkashvand, A. and Mahboub Khomami, A. 2016. Choose a planting substrate and fertilization method to achieve optimal growth of Araucaria excelsa. Journal of Ornamental Plants, 6(3): 201-215.
Behbahani, M., Asadzadeh, A. and Jebeli, J. 2005. Evaluation of the effect of superabsorbent hydrogels and irrigation treatments on nutrient storage in hydroponic culture media. The third Specialized Training and Seminar on Agricultural Application of Superabsorbable Hydrogels. Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute. November 16. [In Persian]
Bresso, L.M., Koch, C., Le Bissonnais, Y., Barriuso, E. and Lecomte, V. 2001. Soil surface structure stabilization by municipal waste compost application. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 65:1804-1811.
Camberato, J.J., Gagnon, B., Angers, D.A., Chantigny, M.H. and Pan, W.L. 2006. Pulp and paper mill by – products as soil amendments and plant nutrient sources. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 86 (4): 641-653.
Chatzopoulos, F., Fugit, J.F. and Ouillous, L. 2000. Etu deocation function do different parameters dolabsption et alla desorption do Sodium retitule. European Polymer Journal, 36: 51-60.
El-Hady, O.A. and Wanas, Sh.A. 2006. Water and fertilizer use efficiency by cucumber grown under stress on sandy soil treated with acrylamid hydrogels. Journal of Appled Science Research, 2 (12): 1293- 1297.
Emerson, W.W. 1995. Water retention, organic C and soil texture. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 17: 45-56.
Ganji Khoramdel, N. 2002. The Effect of Superabsorbent on Soil Physical Properties. Third Specialized Training Course in Agricultural and Industrial Applications, Feb. 2002. Superabsorbent Hydrogels. Polymer and Petrochemical Research Institute, Tehran, Iran. [In Persian]
Gehring, J.M. and Lewis, A.J. 1980. III. Effect of hydrogel on wilting and moisture stress of bedding plants. Journal of American Society Horticultural Science, 105: 511-513.
Gholizadeh, A., Amin, M.S.M., Anuar, A.R., Esfahani, M. and Saberioon, M.M. 2010. The study on the effect of different levels of zeolite and water stress on growth, development and essential oil content of Moldavian balm (Dracocephalum moldavica L.). American Journal of Applied Sciences, 7: 33-37.
Guilherme, M.R., Aouada, F.A., Fajardo, A.R., Martins, A.F., Magali, A.T., Davi, F.T., Rubira, A.F. and Muniz, E.C. 2015. Superabsorbent hydrogels based on polysaccharides for application in agriculture as soil conditioner and nutrient carrier: A review. European Polymer Journal, 72: 365-385.
Haghighat, N., Mohammadi Torkashvand, A. and Pazira, E. 2017. Effect of natural and artificial moisture absorbents on delay of permanent wilting point coefficient. Journal of Water and Soil Resources Conservation, 6(2): 31-43.
Hamblin, A.P. 1981. Filter-paper method for routine measurement of field water potential. Journal of Hydrology, 53: 355-360
Huttermann, A., Reise, K. and Zommoradi, M. 1999. Addition of hydrogels to soil for prolonging the survival of Pinus halepensis seedlings subjected to drought. Soil Tillage Research, 50: 295-304.
Khodaverdilo, H. and Homaei, M. 2002. The derivation of soil transfer functions by estimating the characteristic moisture curve. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 10 (3): 35-46.
Jandaghian, M. 1996. The effect of polyacrylic copolymers on rooting of Philodendron (Phylodendron scandens S) and geranium growth (Pelargonium hortorum L.). Master's Degree in Horticulture, Islamic Azad University of Jahrom, p. 95.
Jazaeri Nushabadi, M.R., Rezaei, A.M., 2007. Evaluation of relations between parameters in oat cultivars in water stress and non- stress conditions. Journal of Agriculture Sciences and Natural Sources. 11 (1), 265-278. [In Persian]
Karimi, S., Nasri, M., Ghooshchi, F., Khalatbari, M., 2012. Effect of zeolite application on yield and yield component of sunflower under drought stresses. 12th Iranian Crop Sciences Congress, Islamic Azad University, Karaj. [In Persian]
Kazemian, H., 2004. Introduction to zeolites, minerals Magic, Behesht Publication. 126 p. [In Persian]
Khashei Suiki, A., Ahmadee, M., 2015. Zeolites: Introduction, Properties and its Application. In press. 139 pp. [In Persian]
Martinez, F.X., Comreras, F. and Lopez, N. 2001. Influence of polyacrylamide on physical properties of a peat-perlite mix and on the growth of Argyranthemum coronopifolium. Acta Horticulture, 554: 59-66.
Mohammadi Torkashvand, A. and Shadparvar, V. 2013. Effect of some organic waste and zeolite on water holding capacity and PWP delay of soil. International Journal of Biology, Pharmacy and Allied Science, 2 (4): 857-865.
Mohammadi Torkashvand, A., Karami A., Mahboub Khomami, A. and Shadparvar, V. 2012. Zeolite: an appropriate alternative to peat in the growth medium of ornamental plants. Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences, 2 (1): 127-132.
Mohammadi Torkashvand, A., Khanjani, H. and Sedaghat Hoor, S. 2015a. The effect of cow manure compost in cultivation bed and irrigation water salinity on the growth of Strelitzia reginae. Trakia Journal of Sciences, 2: 137-142.
Mohammadi Torkashvand, A., Misaghi, M. and Ramezanzadeh Bisheh Gahi, F. 2015b. The effect of growth bed containing organic substrates and irrigation period on the growth of Araucaria excelsa L. Journal of Ornamental Plants, 5 (4): 231-238.
Mohammadi Torkashvand, A., Sedaghat Hoor, S. and Jamalpour, H. 2016. Effects of some organic matter and an artificial moisture absorbent on soil available water, delay of permanent wilting point and the growth of Lysimachia Nummularia cv. Aurea. Journal of Water and Soil Science, 20 (75): 87-99.
Moldes, A., Cendon, Y. and Barral, M.T. 2007. Evaluation of municipal solid waste compost as a plant growing media component, by applying mixture design. Bioresour Technology, 98: 3069-3075.
Morlat, R. and Chaussod, R. 2008. Long- term additions of organic amendments in a Loire Valley vineyard. I. Effects on properties of a calcareous sandy soil. American Journal of Ecology and Viticulture, 59 (4): 353-363.
Munns, R. and James, R.A. 2003. Screening methods for salinity tolerance: a case stud with tetraploid wheat. Plant and Soil, 253: 201-218. 80-93.
Page, R., Miller, H. and Keaney D.R. 1986. Methods of Soil Analysis. Number 9 Part 2, Am. Soc. of Agron.
Paradelo, R., Moldes, A.B. and Barral, M.T. 2009. Amelioration of the physical properties of slate processing fines using grape marc compost and vermicompost. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 73 (4): 1251-1260.
Paranychianakis, N.V. and Chartzoulakis, K.S. 2005. Irrigation of mediterranean crops with saline water: From physiology to management practices. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 106: 171-187.
Patil, S.V., Salunka, B.K, Patil, C.D. and Salunkhe, R.B. 2011. Studies on amendment of different biopolymers in sandy loam and their effect on germination. Applied Biochemisty and Biotechnology, 163 (6):780-91.
Reddy, B.G. and Reddy, M.S. 1998. Soil health and crop productivity in in alfisol with integrated plant nutrient supply system. Proceeding of the 9th Australian Agronomy Conference, Wagga, Australia.
Rivelli, A.R., James, R.A., Munns, R. and Condon, A.G. 2002. Effect of salinity on water relations and growth of wheat genotypes with contrasting sodium uptake. Functional Plant Biology, 29: 1065–74.
Roshan, B. 2002. The effect of superabsorbent use on quantitative and qualitative increase in agricultural products. Proceedings of the Second Specialized Course. Agricultural and Industrial Application of Superabsorbent Hydrogels. Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute. p. 14. [In Persian]
Shata, S.M., Mahamoud, A. and Siam, S. 2007. Improving calcareous soil productivity by integrated effect of intercropping and fertilizer. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 3: 733-739.
Shiranirad, A., Moradi Aghdam, A., Taherkhani, T., Eskandari, K. and Nazari Golshan, A. 2011. Evaluation of canola reaction to nitrogen values and humidity regime to application of zeolite. Journal of Plant Ecophysiology, 3(4): 296-306. [In Persian]
Soumare, M., Demeyer, A. and Tack, F.M.G. 2002. Chemical characteristics of Malian and Belgian solid waste composts. Bioresource Technology, 81:97-101.
Syvertsen, J.P. and Dunlop, J.M. 2004. Hydrophilic gel amendements to sand soil can increase growth and nitrogen uptake efficiency of citrus seedling. HortScience, 39 (2): 267 – 271.
Tardieu, F. 2005. Plant tolerance to water deficit: Physical limits and possibilities for progress. Geoscience, 337: 57-67.
Tommasini, L., Svensson, J.T., Rodriguez, E.M., Wahid, A., Malatrasi, M., Kato, K., Wanamaker, S., Resnik, J. and Close, T.J. 2008. Dehydrin gene expression provides an indicator of low temperature and drought stress: Transcriptome-based analysis of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Functional and Integrative, 8: 387-405.
Wang, Y.T. and Gregg, L.L. 1990. Hydrophilic polymers-their re-sponse to amendments and effect on properties of a soilless pottingmix. Journal of American Society and Horticultural Science, 115: 943-948.
Wu, L., Vomocil, J.A. and Childs, S.W. 1990. Pore size, particle size and aggregate size and water retention. Soil Science of American Journal, 54: 952-956.