An Investigation into the Effect of Gibberellic Acid and Storage Temperature on Vegetative and Reproductive Characteristics of Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa)
محورهای موضوعی : مجله گیاهان زینتی
Behzad Edrisi
1
(Ornamental Plants Research Center, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mahallat, Iran.)
Sahar Mirzaei
2
(Assistant professor, Ornamental Plants Research Center, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mahallat, Iran.)
کلید واژه: germination, Gibberellic acid, dormancy, Flowering, Growth speed,
چکیده مقاله :
important cut flowers in tropical and sub tropical areas of the world and has the seventh rate of production between all cut flowers of Iran. In order to investigate different effects of storage temperatures (8 weeks at 4 °C, 4 weeks at 4 °C + 4 weeks at 20 °C, 8 weeks at 12 °C, 4 weeks at 12 °C+ 4 weeks at 20 °C and 8 week at 20 °C) and different concentrations of gibberellic acid (0, 150 and 300 ppm) on quantitative characteristics of tuberose ‘Double’, a factorial experiment was carried out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The effects of treatments were investigated on fresh and dry weight, height and number of flower stems, length of spike, speed of germination and flowering, weight and diameter of florets, number and weight of bulbs, and flower longevity. Qualitative and quantitative investigation of growth and flowering indices showed that the highest number of stems was recorded at 20 oC storage temperature, which was 20% higher than that at 4 oC storage temperature. Stem weight showed a significant correlation with most growth parameters. The most important effect of studied treatments was observed on growth speed. Speed of bulbs germination was affected only by storage temperatures (P<0.001), while higher GA3 concentration decreased both germination speed (P<0.05) and flowering speed (P<0.001). Finally, we suggested that the best treatment was storing bulbs for 4 weeks at 12°C + 4 weeks at 20 °C before cultivation and GA3 treatment did not have any significant effects on growth factors of tuberose.
گل مریم با نام علمی Polianthes tuberosa L. ، از تیره Agavaceae، یکی از مهم ترین گل ­های شاخه بریده در مناطق گرمسیری و نیمه گرمسیری جهان و دارای رتبه هفتم تولید در بین گل­ های شاخه بریده ایران می­ باشد. به ­منظور بررسی اثرات شرایط دمای انبار پیاز (8 هفته 4 درجه سانتیگراد ، 4 هفته 4 درجه سانتیگراد+ 4 هفته دمای 20 درجه سانتیگراد، 8 هفته 12 درجه سانتیگراد، 4 هفته 12 درجه سانتیگراد + 4 هفته دمای 20 درجه سانتیگراد و 8 هفته 20 درجه سانتیگراد) و غلظت­ های مختلف اسیدجیبرلیک (0، 150 و 300 پی ­پی ام)، بر صفات کمی گل ­مریم نوع پرپر (دابل) این تحقیق به صورت طرح فاکتوریل با طرح پایه بلوک­ های کامل تصادفی، باسه تکرار اجرا شد. اثرات تیمارها بر تعداد شاخه، وزن تر و خشک و طول شاخه، طول سنبله، وزن و تعداد پیاز، وزن و قطر گلچه، تعداد روز تا گلدهی، طول دوره جوانه زنی تا گلدهی و عمر پس از برداشت بررسی شد. ارزیابی کمی و کیفی شاخص ­های رشد و گلدهی نشان داد که بیشترین تعداد شاخه مربوط به تیمار دمای 20 درجه سانتیگراد انبار پیاز و حدود 20% بیشتر از دمای 4 درجه سانتیگراد انبار بود. وزن شاخه با اغلب شاخص­ های رشد همبستگی معنی ­دار داشت. مهم ترین اثرات تیمارهای مورد آزمایش بر سرعت رشد بود. دمای انبار فقط بر روی سرعت جوانه­ زنی پیازها تاثیر داشت (P < 0.001) درصورتی که غلظت GA3 هم بر سرعت جوانه زنی (P < 0.05) و هم بر سرعت گلدهی (P < 0.001) موثر بود. با افزایش غلظت GA3 سرعت گلدهی کاهش یافت. در نهایت نتیجه­ گیری شد که بهترین تیمار، انبار پیاز به مدت 4 هفته با دمای 12 درجه سانتیگراد + 4 هفته با دمای 20 درجه سانتیگراد قبل از کاشت می­ باشد و تیمار GA3 تاثیر معنی­ داری بر فاکتورهای رشد گل مریم نشان نداد.
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