بیوکامپوزیت مغناطیسی هالویسایت - نانوکیتین عامل‌دار شده برای حذف سرب (II) از محیط‌های آبی: سنتز، سینتیک و آنالیز ترمودینامیکی
محورهای موضوعی : آلودگی های محیط زیستالهه ناصرنصیر 1 , حسین پرورش 2 , فاطمه السادات محسنی شهری 3 * , فرید معین پور 4 , محسن دهقانی قناتغستانی 5
1 - گروه مهندسی محیط زیست، واحد بندر عباس، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، بندر عباس، ایران
2 - گروه مهندسی محیط زیست، واحد بندر عباس، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، بندر عباس، ایران
3 - گروه شیمی، واحد بندر عباس، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، بندر عباس، ایران
4 - گروه شیمی، واحد بندر عباس، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، بندر عباس، ایران
5 - گروه مهندسی محیط زیست، واحد بندر عباس، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، بندر عباس، ایران
کلید واژه: NiFe₂O₄-HNT-Chitin , نانوکامپوزیت مغناطیسی, جذب سطحی, جذب یون سرب (II),
چکیده مقاله :
مقدمه: آلودگی آب به یون‌های سرب (II) به دلیل سمیت شدید و آثار جبران‌ناپذیر بر سلامت انسان، به‌ویژه بر سیستم عصبی، یکی از چالش‌های مهم زیست‌محیطی است. این پژوهش با هدف توسعه جاذبی کارآمد، زیست‌سازگار و قابل بازیافت، به سنتز و ارزیابی یک بیوکامپوزیت مغناطیسی نوین بر پایه نانولوله‌های هالویسایت و کیتین عامل‌دارشده با فریت نیکل (NiFe₂O₄-HNT-Chitin) برای حذف Pb(II) از محلول‌های آبی پرداخته است. استفاده از هالویسایت و کیتین به‌دلیل فراوانی، هزینه پایین و زیست‌سازگاری، همراه با افزودن خاصیت مغناطیسی و گروه‌های عاملی، عملکرد جذب و قابلیت جداسازی جاذب را بهبود بخشید.
مواد و روش‌ها: در روش کار، ابتدا هالویسایت با اسید هیدروکلریک اصلاح و با فریت نیکل پوشش داده شد. عامل‌دار کردن هالویسایت و کیتین به‌ترتیب با APTES و CPTES انجام گرفت و محصول نهایی با تکنیک‌های FT-IR، XRD، SEM، TEM، BET، EDS و VSM شناسایی شد. عملکرد جذب در آزمایش‌های ناپیوسته و در شرایط مختلف pH، زمان تماس، دوز جاذب، غلظت اولیه Pb(II)، قدرت یونی و دما بررسی گردید. داده‌ها با مدل‌های سینتیکی، ایزوترمی و ترمودینامیکی تحلیل شدند.
نتایج و بحث: نتایج FT-IR و XRD تأیید کردند که NiFe₂O₄ و گروه‌های عاملی به‌طور موفق بر ساختار هالویسایت و کیتین تثبیت شده‌اند. تصاویر میکروسکوپی نشان دادند که نانولوله‌ها با ذرات فریت نیکل و کیتین پوشیده شده و مساحت سطح BET برابر m²/g 33/81 حاصل گردید. این جاذب در شرایط بهینه (pH=6، دوز g/100 mL 05/0، دمایC ∘25) ظرف 10 دقیقه به تعادل رسیده و ظرفیت جذب حداکثری N=3, p<0.05) mg/g) 12/5 ± 370/37 را نشان داد. تحلیل داده‌ها بیانگر تطابق کامل با مدل شبه مرتبه دوم (R²=0.999) و ایزوترم لانگمویر (R²=0.996) و ماهیت جذب تک‌لایه شیمیایی بود.
اختلاف بین مدل‌ها از نظر آماری معنی‌دار بود (p < 0.05). بررسی ترمودینامیکی نشان داد فرآیند گرمازا، خود به‌خودی و همراه با کاهش بی‌نظمی سطحی است. جاذب پس از چهار چرخه جذب-واجذب، کارایی بالای خود را حفظ کرد و کاهش راندمان در چرخه چهارم نسبت به چرخه اول از نظر آماری معنی‌دار نبود. (p > 0.05).
نتیجه‌گیری: کامپوزیت NiFe₂O₄-HNT-Chitin با ترکیب مزایای ساختار لوله‌ای هالویسایت، گروه‌های عاملی کیتین و خاصیت مغناطیسی NiFe₂O₄، جاذبی سبز، سریع‌العمل، پایدار و قابل بازیافت برای حذف Pb(II) از آب محسوب می‌شود.
Introduction: Water contamination with lead(II) ions poses a severe environmental and public health risk due to their high toxicity and irreversible effects, particularly on the nervous system. This study reports the synthesis and evaluation of a novel magnetic biocomposite based on halloysite nanotubes and chitin functionalized with nickel ferrite (NiFe₂O₄-HNT-Chitin) for the removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions. Halloysite and chitin were selected for their abundance, low cost, and biocompatibility, while surface functionalization and magnetic modification were employed to enhance adsorption performance and facilitate adsorbent recovery.
Materials and Methods: The synthesis involved acid activation of HNT, coating with NiFe₂O₄, and functionalization of HNT and chitin with APTES and CPTES, respectively, to obtain the NiFe₂O₄-HNT-Chitin composite. Structural and morphological features were characterized using FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TEM, BET, EDS, and VSM. Batch adsorption experiments investigated the effects of pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, initial Pb(II) concentration, ionic strength, and temperature. Kinetic, isotherm, and thermodynamic analyses were performed.
Results and Discussion: FT-IR and XRD confirmed the successful incorporation of NiFe₂O₄ and functional groups onto HNT and chitin. SEM and TEM images revealed NiFe₂O₄ and chitin coatings on nanotube surfaces, yielding a rough texture with a BET surface area of 81.33m²/g. Under optimal conditions (pH6, 0.05 g/100mL, 25 °C), equilibrium was achieved within 10 min, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 370.37 ± 5.12 (n=3, p<0.05) mg/g. The adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model (R²=0.999), and the isotherm data fit well to the Langmuir model (R²=0.996), indicating monolayer chemisorption. The difference between the models was statistically significant (p<0.05). Thermodynamic analysis showed the process to be exothermic, spontaneous, and accompanied by decreased surface disorder (ΔH=–117.9kJ/mol, negative ΔG). Higher ionic strength negatively affected removal efficiency. The adsorbent maintained its high efficiency after four adsorption-desorption cycles, and the decrease in efficiency in the fourth cycle compared to the first cycle was not statistically significant (p> 0.05).
Conclusion: In conclusion, the NiFe₂O₄-HNT-Chitin composite, combining the tubular structure of halloysite, the functional groups of chitin, and the magnetic properties of NiFe2O4, represents a green, efficient, and magnetically recoverable adsorbent for Pb(II) removal from water. Its high adsorption capacity, rapid equilibrium, durability over multiple cycles, and ease of separation make it a promising candidate for practical applications in the treatment of heavy-metal-contaminated water.
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