تغذیه فرادقیق: گذر از تعاملات دو گانه رژیم غذا-میکروبیوم به سوی میکروبیومیکس شخصی‌سازی‌شده
محورهای موضوعی : میکروب شناسی غذاییاحمد غلامی 1 * , علیرضا ابراهیمی نژاد 2 *
1 - مرکز تحقیقات بیوتکنولوژی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شیراز، شیراز، ایران.
2 - مرکز تحقیقات بیوتکنولوژی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شیراز، شیراز، ایران.
کلید واژه: تغذیه فرادقیق, میکروبیومیکس, رژیم غذا, میکروبیوم, تعدیل میکروبیوم.,
چکیده مقاله :
میکروبیوم روده انسان به‌عنوان یک اکوسیستم پویا و چند-گونه‌ای نقش محوری در تنظیم و پایداری متابولیک، ایمنی و سلامت عمومی ایفا می‌کند. در این نوشتار، تأثیر رژیم‌های غذایی مختلف از جمله رژیم مدیترانه‌ای، پُرفیبر، گیاه‌خواری، پُرپروتئین، کتوژنیک و غربی بر ترکیب، عملکرد و تنوع میکروبیوتای روده بررسی شد. روش پژوهش شامل جستجوی مقالات در پایگاه‌های PubMed/MEDLINE، Google Scholar، Web of Science، EMBASE، ISC و SID تا ژوئن ۲۰۲۵ با کلیدواژه‌های مرتبط فارسی و انگلیسی بود. نتایج نشان داد که الگوهای غذایی غنی از فیبر و پلی‌فنول موجب افزایش تولید اسیدهای چرب کوتاه‌زنجیر (SCFA)، تعدیل پاسخ‌های ایمنی و بهبود نشانگرهای متابولیک می‌شوند، در حالی که رژیم غربی و پُرپروتئین با کاهش تنوع میکروبی و افزایش محصولات سمی مانند TMAO و سولفید هیدروژن مرتبط است. رژیم مدیترانه‌ای و نسخه ارتقاءیافته آن، رژیم سبز، بیشترین تأثیر مثبت را بر افزایش گونه‌های ضدالتهابی (مانند Faecalibacterium prausnitzii) و تقویت مسیرهای تخمیری SCFA داشتند. همچنین پیشرفت‌های تکنولوژیک در توالی‌یابی متاژنومیک و مدل‌سازی متابولیک امکان شناخت عمیق‌تر سازوکارهای غذایی-میکروبیومی را فراهم کرده است. در پایان، چشم‌انداز توسعه «پروبیوتیک‌های نسل آینده» با پتانسیل تشخیصی-درمانی همزمان و مداخلات تغذیه‌ای فرادقیق برای مدیریت فردمحور تعاملات غذا-میکروبیوم تبیین شد. این نوشتار زیرساخت علمی لازم برای تدوین توصیه‌های غذایی عملی و طراحی مداخلات تغذیه‌ای هدفمند را با درنظر گرفتن الگوی میکروبیومیکس به منظور پیشگیری و درمان بیماری‌ها ارائه می‌دهد.
The human gut microbiome is a dynamic, multispecies ecosystem that plays a crucial role in maintaining metabolic balance, regulating the immune system, and promoting overall health. In this systematic review, we examine the impact of various dietary patterns, including the Mediterranean, high-fiber, vegetarian, high-protein, ketogenic, and Western diets, on gut microbial composition, function, and diversity. We conducted comprehensive searches of PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Web of Science, EMBASE, ISC, and SID up to June 2025, using relevant keywords in both Persian and English. Our findings indicate that diets rich in fiber and polyphenols enhance the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), modulate immune responses, and improve metabolic markers. In contrast, Western and high-protein diets are associated with decreased microbial diversity and increased production of potentially harmful metabolites, such as TMAO and hydrogen sulfide. The Mediterranean diet, especially its "green" variant, demonstrated the most significant positive effects, promoting the growth of anti-inflammatory bacteria (e.g., Faecalibacterium prausnitzii) and enhancing SCFA fermentation pathways. Advances in metagenomic sequencing and metabolic modeling have improved our understanding of the mechanisms underlying diet-microbiome interactions. Finally, we discuss the emerging potential of “next-generation” probiotics with combined diagnostic and therapeutic functions, as well as precision nutrition (PN) strategies tailored to individual microbial profiles. This review provides a scientific basis for translating microbiome research into targeted dietary recommendations and microbiome-based therapies for the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases.
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