استخراج و بررسی تولید بتاگلوکان از مخمر ساکارومایسس سرویزیه
محورهای موضوعی : قارچ شناسیمریم السادات میرباقری فیروزآباد 1 , مهدی باقری ده عسکری 2 , محمد بیاتی 3
1 - استادیار، گروه میکروبیولوژی، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد یزد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، یزد، ایران.
2 - کارشناسی، گروه بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد یزد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، یزد، ایران.
3 - کارشناسی، گروه بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد یزد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، یزد، ایران.
کلید واژه: بتاگلوکان, مخمر ساکارومایسس سرویزیه, FTIR, استخراج.,
چکیده مقاله :
بتاگلوکان پلی‌ساکاریدی است که از اتصال مولکول‌های گلوکز با دو پیوند بتا ۶-۱ و بتا ۳-۱ تشکیل‌شده است. این ترکیب در منابع مختلف مانند قارچ، جلبک، مخمر و گیاهانی مانند جو یافت می‌شود ولی بتاگلوکان موجود در دیواره سلولی مخمر ساکارومایسس سرویزیه فعالیت بیولوژیکی بیشتری نسبت به بقیه منابع دارد. بتاگلوکان موارد استفاده زیادی در صنایع غذایی، دارویی و آرایشی بهداشتی دارد که باعث بهبود سیستم ایمنی بدن و ضد تومور و کاهش‌دهنده کلسترول است. هدف از این مظالعه استخراج و خالص سازی این ترکیب جهت استفاده در صنایع است. برای استخراج بتاگلوکان، از روش قلیایی-اسیدی استفاده شد که شامل مراحل استخراج با استفاده از محلول‌های قلیایی و سپس خنثی‌سازی با اسید است. این فرآیند به منظور به حداکثر رساندن بازده و خلوص بتاگلوکان انجام شد. پس از استخراج، برای تعیین و تأیید ساختار شیمیایی بتاگلوکان، از طیف‌سنجی FTIR بهره‌برداری گردید. این تکنیک امکان شناسایی پیوندهای شیمیایی و گروه‌های عاملی موجود در ترکیب بتاگلوکان را فراهم می‌کند. آزمون‌ها در این مطالعه مشخص کرد که روش استخراج اسیدضعیف-بازقورث و استفاده از آب گرم باعث حذف مقدار زیادی از پروتئین‌ها و اسیدهای چرب مخمر اتولیز شده می‌شود و درصد کربوهیدرات‌ها به‌ویژه بتاگلوکان در محصول نهایی افزایش می‌یابد. به دست آوردن یک روش مناسب تولید بتا گلوکان برای ارائه به صنعت و چکونگی ارزیابی بتاگلوکان تولید شده با FTIR از دستاوردهای این پروژه است.
Beta-glucan is a polysaccharide formed by the linkage of glucose molecules through β-(1→6) and β-(1→3) glycosidic bonds. This compound is found in various sources, including fungi, algae, yeast, and plants such as barley, however, the beta-glucan present in the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae exhibits greater biological activity compared to that from other sources. Beta-glucan has numerous applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries, contributing to immune system enhancement, anti-tumour effects, and cholesterol reduction. The aim of this study is to extract and purify this compound for use in industries. For extraction of beta-glucan, an alkaline-acidic method was employed, which involves extracting using alkaline solutions followed by neutralization with acid. This process was conducted to maximize the yield and purity of beta-glucan. After extraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was utilized to determine and confirm the chemical structure of beta-glucan. This technique allows for the identification of chemical bonds and functional groups present in the beta-glucan composition. The results of these tests indicated that the use of a weak acid-strong base extraction method, combined with hot water extraction, effectively removes a significant amount of proteins and fatty acids from autolyzed yeast, leading to an increase in the carbohydrate content, particularly beta-glucan, in the final product. The development of an appropriate method for the extraction of beta-glucan for industrial application, along with the evaluation of the produced beta-glucan using FTIR, represents a significant achievement of this project.
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