Explaining and Analyzing the Impact of Smart Living on Urban Security Development in the City of Semnan

Subject Areas : Sustainable Development

Abbas Aghaei Azad ^{1 *} , azita rajabi ² , Golnaz Eslami ³ , Espad Rezaei ⁴

1 - Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2 - Associate Professor, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
3 - Bachelor’s Degree (B.A.), English Translation, Tonekabon branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran.
4 - Bachelor’s Degree (B.Sc), Department of Art and Architecture, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

Received: 2025-07-26 Accepted : 2025-09-12 Published : 2025-11-10

Keywords: Smart Living, Urban Security Development, City of Semna,

Abstract :

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: With rapid population growth and increasing urban complexities, there is a need for innovative and practical solutions. In this context, smart living can play a fundamental role in improving urban security. This study aims to explain and analyze the impact of smart living on the development of urban security in the city of Semnan.

METHODS: The research method is descriptive-analytical and statistical, conducted through a mixed approach (quantitative and qualitative). Quantitative data were collected using a standardized questionnaire from a sample of 384 citizens, and qualitative data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with 30 urban and security experts. For data analysis, SPSS and AMOS software were used for the quantitative section, and thematic analysis along with the SOAR technique were employed for the qualitative section.

FINDINGS: Statistical analysis using Pearson’s correlation coefficient shows a positive relationship between smart living and urban security in Semnan, with a correlation value of r=0.30 and a significance level of 0.000, indicating that this relationship is statistically very significant and reliable.

CONCLUSION: Ultimately, it can be concluded that increasing smart living indicators—including the use of modern technologies, advanced security systems, and smart urban services—leads to improved living conditions, enhanced social interactions, strengthened sense of solidarity and responsibility within the community, and ultimately, the enhancement of urban security.

References:

Ajali, M. (2024b). A fuzzy Delphi-BWM-TOPSIS hybrid approach to assessment of suppliers resilience. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management Studies, 11(1), 181–195. [In Persian]. https://doi.org/10.22116/jiems.2024.472125.1571
Anand, P. B., & Navío-Marco, J. (2018). Governance and economics of smart cities: Opportunities and challenges. Volume 42, Issue 10, November 2018, Pages 795-799. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2018.10.001
Azizi, T., Rasouli, S. H., Vafadar Souraki, R., & Moharrari, M. (2024). Planning towards the realization of smart cities. Mazandaran Jihad Daneshgahi Publication. [In Persian]. https://www.gisoom.com/book/44919700.
Barik, K., Misra, S., Mishra, B., & Maathuis, C. (2024). Cyber Resilience for SDG towards the Digitization: An Imperial Study. Artificial Intelligence of Things, Springer. pp.361-388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-53433-1_18.
Chandra, G. R., Sharma, B. K., & Liaqat, I. A. (2019). UAE's strategy towards most cyber resilient nation. International Journal, Academia.edu. Volume-8 Issue-12, October 2019. https://www.ijitee.org/wp-content/uploads/papers/v8i12/L30221081219.pdf
Chen, X., Deng, Y., Ding, H., Qu, G., Zhang, H., Li, P., & Fang, Y. (2024). Vehicle as a service (VaaS): Leverage vehicles to build service networks and capabilities for smart cities. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 26, 2048–2081. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10449899.
Cheng, G., Yang, C., Yao, X., Guo, L., & Han, J. (2018). When deep learning meets metric learning: remote sensing image scene classification via learning discriminative CNNs. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 56(5), 2811-2821. https://www.semanticscholar.org/
Da Silva Tomadon, L., do Couto, E. V., de Vries, W. T., et al. (2024). Smart city and sustainability indicators: A bibliometric literature review. Discover Sustainability, 5, 143. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-024-00328-w
Dasht Lali, Z., Aligholi, M., & Nourbakhsh, S. K. (2020). Providing a practical model of smart tourism in urban areas: A case study of Isfahan city. Urban Tourism Journal, 7(2), 127-141. [In Persian]. https://doi.org/10.22059/jut.2020.308582.826.
Dede, M. A., Aptoula, E., & Genc, Y. (2019). Deep network ensembles for aerial scene classification. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 16(5), 732–735. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8550682/
Ehteshamfar, A., Karkeh Abadi, Z., & Kamyabi, S. (2024). Examining the relationship between smart city drivers and sustainable urban security in Semnan city. Geographical Research Quarterly, 39(4), 451-458. [In Persian]. http://georesearch.ir/article-1-1665-fa.html
Florida, R. (2022). The Rise of the Creative Class: Revisited. Basic Books. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273059401.
Gharibi, J., Gharaei, H., Farjipour, M. R., & Halili, K. (2023). Application domains of Internet of Things data security governance in smart cities. Safe City, 6(1), 59-72. [In Persian]. https://doi.org/10.22034/ispdrc.2023.2001432.1028.
Gharibi, J., Gharaei, H., Farjipour, M. R., & Halili, K. (2024). Providing a strategic plan for Internet of Things data security governance in smart cities. National Security, 14(53), 143-176. [In Persian]. https://www.bagh-sj.com/article_59572.html.
Ghasemi, N., Elghaei, R., & Mohammadian Saravi, M. (2024). Investigating the role of smartization in improving good governance. Journal of Management and Entrepreneurship Studies, (50), 1–10. [In Persian]. https://irijournals.ir/journals/01-Management/v10-i4-winter03/paper1.pdf.
Giannaros, A., Karras, A., Theodorakopoulos, L., Karras, C., Kranias, P., Schizas, N., Kalogeratos, G., & Tsolis, D. (2023). Autonomous vehicles: Sophisticated attacks, safety issues, challenges, open topics, blockchain, and future directions. Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy, 3, 493–543. https://openurl.ebsco.com/contentitem/gcd:172394327.
Harvey, D. (2020). Anti-Capitalist Politics in the Time of COVID-19. The New Left Review, 123, 5-24. https://davidharvey.org/2020/03
Khan, J. A., Wang, W., & Ozbay, K. (2024). BELIEVE: Privacy-Aware Secure Multi-Party Computation for Real-Time Connected and Autonomous Vehicles and Micro-Mobility Data Validation Using Blockchain—A Study on New York City Data. Transportation Research Record, 2678, 410–421. https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981231180200.
Kim, M., et al. (2018). Convolutional neural network-based land cover classification using 2-D spectral reflectance curve graphs with multitemporal satellite imagery. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 11(12), 4604-4617. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2018.2880783
Mahdizadeh, M. (2019). Examining the relationship between smart city and sustainable development and challenges of achieving a sustainable smart city. Shabak, 5(7), 119–128. [In Persian]. https://sid.ir/paper/524871/fa
Mohseni, R., & Nosrati Payani, E. (2019). Relationship between city and crime and social harms: A study on ranking crimes and social and economic harms in Gorgan city. Journal of Police Geography Research, 2(7), 113-138. [In Persian]. https://ensani.ir/fa/article/353110
Motevalli, S. D., Esfandiari, A., & Rasouli, S. H. (2023). Sustainable city management. Mazandaran Jihad Daneshgahi Publication. [In Persian]. https://www.adinehbook.com/product/6227310832
Niknia, M., & Abbasi, E. (2018). Intermediary development strategy to maximize land use toward sustainable development. Proceedings of the First National Conference on Architecture, Restoration, Urban Planning, and Sustainable Environment, Hamedan. [In Persian]. https://civilica.com/doc/263424/.
Nikpour, A., Rezazadeh, M., & Elhgholitabar Neshli, F. (2019). Urban form expansion pattern of Amol city with a smart urban growth approach. Spatial Geographic Planning Journal, 9(31), 175-190. [In Persian]. https://doi.org/10.30488/gps.2019.90125.
Oliha, J. S., Biu, P. W., & Obi, O. C. (2024). Securing the smart city: A review of cybersecurity challenges and strategies. Engineering Science & Technology Journal, 5(2):496-506. http://dx.doi.org/10.51594/estj.v5i2.827.
Palomo-Navarro, A., & Navío-Marco, J. (2018). Smart city networks’ governance: The Spanish smart city network case study. Telecommunications Policy, 42(10), 872-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2017.10.002
Piri, H., Zadeh Mir, K., & Rehdar, M. (2024). A study of smart government implementation challenges. New Research Approaches in Management and Accounting, (92), 2024-2037. [In Persian]. https://majournal.ir/index.php/ma/article/view/2632.
Pour Ahmad, A., Ziari, K., Hatami Nejad, H., & Parsapashah Abadi, S. (2018). Explanation of the concept and characteristics of a smart city. Bagh-e Nazar, 15(58), 5-26. [In Persian]. https://www.bagh-sj.com/article_59572.html.
Rajabi Jurshari, M., Amirorzadi, T., Sarvar, R., & Tavakolinia, J. (2023). Assessing smart city achievement with an emphasis on quality of urban life: Case study of Tehran District 2. Applied Research in Geographical Sciences, 23(70), 487–504. [In Persian]. https://agris.fao.org/search/en/providers/125375.
Rajabi, A., Ashouri, F., Bakhshi, A., & Seyed Hassan. (2024). Investigating the role of design in public urban spaces in the creation of urban crimes (Case study: Velayat Park, Sari). Geographical Sciences Journal, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, 20(46), 76–96. [In Persian]. https://sanad.iau.ir/Journal/geographic/Article/1121661
Rasouli, S. H., Mohammadi Ganji, Z., Bahmani, S., & Motahhari, S. (2022). Urban planning and management of future urban crises. Mazandaran Jihad Daneshgahi Publication. [In Persian]. https://www.isba.ir/Default/BookDetail/15695
Sahu, M., Dash, R., Mishra, S. K., Humayun, M., Alfayad, M., & Assiri, M. (2024). A deep transfer learning model for green environment security analysis in smart city. Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences, 36(1), 101921. https://doi.org/xxxxx
Sampson, R. J., & Raudenbush, S. W. (2025). The Collective Efficacy Framework: Urban Crime and Community Cohesion in a Changing World. American Sociological Review, 90(2), 301-322.
Sorkin, M. (2022). The City after COVID: Urbanism in the Time of Pandemic. Verso Books. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksuci.2024.101921.
Ziari, K., Amini, E., Rasouli, S. H., & Kiaei, M. (2023). How smart is your city? Technological innovation, ethics, and inclusivity. Ostadhaye Daneshgah Publication, Tehran. [In Persian]. https://www.gisoom.com/book/44814536
Ziari, K., Rasouli, S. H., Kiaei, M., & Kazemi, E. (2022). Cities and digital revolution: Aligning technology and humanity. Mazandaran Jihad Daneshgahi Publication. [In Persian] https://www.gisoom.com/book/44884368/