مطالعه و نقش سرمایه اجتماعی در احیای دریاچه ارومیه ( با تأکید بر مدیریت بهره برداری و نگهداری از شبکه های آبیاری و زهکشی در دشت بناب)
محورهای موضوعی :
مطالعات توسعه اجتماعی ایران
محمد صادق علیائی
1
,
فرهاد پاکنیا
2
,
سمیه عزیزی
3
1 - استادیار جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی و عضو هیأت علمی وزارت علوم تحقیقات و فناوری (معاونت پژوهش و فناوری)
2 - کارشناس ارشد مهندسی کشاورزی و مدیر مشارکت های مردمی شرکت آب منطقه ای استان آذربایجان شرقی
3 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه خوارزمی تهران، تهران، ایران
تاریخ دریافت : 1397/06/06
تاریخ پذیرش : 1397/06/06
تاریخ انتشار : 1397/06/01
کلید واژه:
مولفه های سرمایه اجتماعی,
اعتماد اجتماعی,
انسجام اجتماعی,
مشارکت اجتماعی,
گرایش به حل بحران دریاچه ارومی,
چکیده مقاله :
سرمایه اجتماعی به عنوان متغیری تبیین کننده در مسائل و موضوعات مختلف اجتماعی، سیاسی و اقتصادی مورد توجه محققان می باشد. از طرفی بحث بحران دریاچه ارومیه طی دهه اخیر به یک چالش زیست محیطی و اجرایی بدل شده است. در این مطالعه نظر به اهمیت موضوع سرمایه اجتماعی در مطالعات انسانی و اجتماعی به بررسی ارتباط آن با تمایل کشاورزان به احیای دریاچه ارومیه پرداخته شده است. به منظور بررسی مولفه های مختلف سرمایه اجتماعی بر گرایش کشاورزان جهت کمک به احیای دریاچه ارومیه، پرسشنامه ای مرتبط با مولفه های اعتماد، انسجام، مشارکت و گرایش طراحی گردید و به صورت میدانی توسط کشاورزان تکمیل شد. اطلاعات بدست آمده بوسیله نرم افزار آماری SPSS مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشانگر آن است که میزان مشارکت اجتماعی مهمتر از دو مولفه دیگر بوده، هرچند تاثیر مولفه اعتماد و انسجام نیز قابل توجه و معنی دار است. نتایج نشان می دهد با افزایش یک واحد به درصد سرمایه احتماعی به اندازه 34/0 درصد بر میزان تمایل افراد به مشارکت در حل بحران دریاچه ارومیه افزوده می شود. نتایج تحلیل عاملی مولفه مشارکت اجتماعی از نظر آماری نشانگر یک مدل خوب می- باشد (88/0CFI=). عدم توجه به مشارکت اجتماعی در حل بحران دریاچه ارومیه به عنوان بحرانی اجتماعی، انسانی، زیست محیطی، اقتصادی، سیاسی و اقلیمی تبعات جبران ناپذیری را در تمامی عرصه های حیات انسانی و زیست محیطی در پی خواهد داشت. همچنین ضروری است به معقوله اعتماد و انسجام افراد و روش های افزایش این ابعاد سرمایه اجتماعی مورد ارزیابی قرار گیرد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Social capital is considered by researchers as an explanatory variable in various social, political and economic issues. On the other hand, the Urmia Lake crisis has become an environmental and operational challenge during the last decade. In this study, considering the importance of the issue of social capital in human and social studies, its relation with farmers' desire to revive Lake Urmia has been addressed .In order to study the various components of social capital on farmers' tendency to help restore Lake Urmia, a questionnaire related to the elements of trust, coherence, participation and tendency was designed and completed field by farmers. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. The results show that the level of social participation is more important than the other two components, although the effect of the component of trust and coherence is significant and significant. The results show that by increasing one unit to the percentage of social capital of 0.34%, it increases the willingness of people to participate in the settlement of Urumia Lake crisis. The results of the factor analysis of the component of social participation is statistically indicative of a good model (CFI=0/88). Lack of attention to social participation in solving the Urumia Lake crisis as a social, human, environmental, economic, and political and climate crisis will have irreparable consequences in all human and environmental spheres of life. It is also necessary to evaluate the concept of trust and coherence of individuals and ways to increase these dimensions of social capital.
منابع و مأخذ:
Adler, P. S., & Kwon, S. W. (2002). Social Capital: Prospects for a New Concept. The Academy of Management Review, 27(1), 17-40.
Afrakhte, H., Azizi, A., & Tabar Firooz Jayi, M.MA. (2014). the Role of Social Capital on the Rural Village of Chardange. Jounal of Applied Geosciences Research, 34 (4), 27-45. (InPersian)
Azizi Khalakhili, T., & Zamani, Gh. H. (2009). Factors Affecting Farmers' Participation in Irrigation Management: Application of Path Analysis. Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development, 24(1), 84-90. (In Persian)
Bahredar, d., & Al Yassin, M. R. (2002). Modern irrigation management and its effect on irrigation networks performance. Tehran: National Irrigation and Drainage Committee of Iran. (In Persian)
Cramb, R. A. (2006). Social capital and soil conservation: evidence from the Philippines. Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 49(2), 211-226.
Delphorus, M. T (translator). (2001). Democracy and civil traditions. By Robert Patten. Tehran: Office of Political Studies and Research of the Ministry of the Interior. (In Persian)
Farshe, A. A., Khairabi, J., Sayyidat, H., Mirlatifi, M., Darbandi, M., Salamat, A. R., Entezari, M. R., & Sadat Miri, M.H. (2003). Irrigation water management on the farm. Tehran: National Irrigation and Drainage Committee of Iran. (In Persian)
Haghighatian, M., Pourafkari, N., & Jafari Nia, Gh. (2012).The Impact of Social Environmental Behaviors on Social Development: Case Study South Pars Staff of Assaluyeh. Jounal of Social Development Studies of Iran, 5(1), 151-135. (InPersian)
Heyd, H., & Neef, A. (2004). Participation of local people in water management: Evidence from the Mae SA wathershed, Northern Thailand. International food policy research institute, Washington.
Hitt, M. A., Lee. H. U., & Yucel, E. (2002). The importance of social capital to the management of multinational enterpris. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 3(2), 353-372.
Khodabashi, A., & Gholifar, A. (2012). Investigating the role of social capital on farmers' willingness to participate in water bodies (a case study of Zanjan city). Rural Research Quarterly, 2(3), 203-223. (In Persian)
Lin, S., & Huang, Y., (2005). The Role of Social Capital in the Relationship between human Intellectual Capital, 6(2), 189-199.
Mendoza, C. C. (2006). Factors Influencing Participation in Environmental Stewardship Programs: A Case Study of the Agricultural and Forestry Sectors in Louisiana. Ph.D. Thesis, Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College, United States Louisiana. Retrieved August 5, 2007, from ProQuest Digital Dissertations.
Narayan, D., & Cassidy, M. F. (2001). A Dimensional Approach to Measuring Social Capital: Development and Validation of a Social Capital Inventory. Current Sociology, 49(2), 59–102.
Narayan, D., & Pritchett, L. (2009). Cents and sociability: Household income and social capital and rural Tanzania. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 47(4), 871-897.
Nouripour, M., & Nouri, M. (2012). An Analysis of the Role of Social Capital in Water Participation in Irrigation and Drainage Networks: Case of Leishter Plain. Sciences for the promotion and education of agriculture, 8(1), 53-70. (In Persian)
Ruben, R., & Lerman, Z. (2005). Why Nicaraguan Peasants Stay in Agricultural Production Cooperatives: European Review of Latin American and Caribbean. Revista Europea de Estudios Latinoamericanos, Del Caribe 78, 31-47.
Safiri, Kh., & Tamiz, R. (2011).Transformation of Social Participation Studies. Jounal of Social Development Studies of Iran, 3(3), 121-132. (InPersian)
Shahroudi, A. A., & Chizari, M. (2007). Influencing Factors on Farmers' Attitudes toward Participation in Water Utility Cooperatives (Case Study in Khorasan Razavi Province). Journal of Agricultural Science and echnology. 11(42), 299-312. (In Persian)
Tasi, W. (2002). Social Capital, Strategic Relatedness and the Formation of Intraorgnizational Linkages Strategic. Management Jounal, 21, 925-939.
Tavakoli, A., Azizipour lindy, A., Rezaei, A., & Mirzaei, A. (2014). Investigating the Impact of Social Capital on Intellectual Capital Components (Case Study: Qom Province Tax Administration). Social capital management, 2(1), 265-287. (In Persian)
Yercan, M. (2003). Management turning – over and participatory management of irrigation schems: a case study of the Gediz. River Basin in Turkey. Agriculture water management, 62(3), 205-214.
Zarei Dastgerdi, Z., Iravani, H., Mokhtari Hesari, A., & Shaban Ali Fami, h. (2009). Analysis of the farmers' participation in the management of water supply network in Jarghouyeh district of Isfahan. Village and Development Quarterly, 3(2), 45-56. (InPersian)
_||_
Adler, P. S., & Kwon, S. W. (2002). Social Capital: Prospects for a New Concept. The Academy of Management Review, 27(1), 17-40.
Afrakhte, H., Azizi, A., & Tabar Firooz Jayi, M.MA. (2014). the Role of Social Capital on the Rural Village of Chardange. Jounal of Applied Geosciences Research, 34 (4), 27-45. (InPersian)
Azizi Khalakhili, T., & Zamani, Gh. H. (2009). Factors Affecting Farmers' Participation in Irrigation Management: Application of Path Analysis. Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development, 24(1), 84-90. (In Persian)
Bahredar, d., & Al Yassin, M. R. (2002). Modern irrigation management and its effect on irrigation networks performance. Tehran: National Irrigation and Drainage Committee of Iran. (In Persian)
Cramb, R. A. (2006). Social capital and soil conservation: evidence from the Philippines. Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 49(2), 211-226.
Delphorus, M. T (translator). (2001). Democracy and civil traditions. By Robert Patten. Tehran: Office of Political Studies and Research of the Ministry of the Interior. (In Persian)
Farshe, A. A., Khairabi, J., Sayyidat, H., Mirlatifi, M., Darbandi, M., Salamat, A. R., Entezari, M. R., & Sadat Miri, M.H. (2003). Irrigation water management on the farm. Tehran: National Irrigation and Drainage Committee of Iran. (In Persian)
Haghighatian, M., Pourafkari, N., & Jafari Nia, Gh. (2012).The Impact of Social Environmental Behaviors on Social Development: Case Study South Pars Staff of Assaluyeh. Jounal of Social Development Studies of Iran, 5(1), 151-135. (InPersian)
Heyd, H., & Neef, A. (2004). Participation of local people in water management: Evidence from the Mae SA wathershed, Northern Thailand. International food policy research institute, Washington.
Hitt, M. A., Lee. H. U., & Yucel, E. (2002). The importance of social capital to the management of multinational enterpris. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 3(2), 353-372.
Khodabashi, A., & Gholifar, A. (2012). Investigating the role of social capital on farmers' willingness to participate in water bodies (a case study of Zanjan city). Rural Research Quarterly, 2(3), 203-223. (In Persian)
Lin, S., & Huang, Y., (2005). The Role of Social Capital in the Relationship between human Intellectual Capital, 6(2), 189-199.
Mendoza, C. C. (2006). Factors Influencing Participation in Environmental Stewardship Programs: A Case Study of the Agricultural and Forestry Sectors in Louisiana. Ph.D. Thesis, Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College, United States Louisiana. Retrieved August 5, 2007, from ProQuest Digital Dissertations.
Narayan, D., & Cassidy, M. F. (2001). A Dimensional Approach to Measuring Social Capital: Development and Validation of a Social Capital Inventory. Current Sociology, 49(2), 59–102.
Narayan, D., & Pritchett, L. (2009). Cents and sociability: Household income and social capital and rural Tanzania. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 47(4), 871-897.
Nouripour, M., & Nouri, M. (2012). An Analysis of the Role of Social Capital in Water Participation in Irrigation and Drainage Networks: Case of Leishter Plain. Sciences for the promotion and education of agriculture, 8(1), 53-70. (In Persian)
Ruben, R., & Lerman, Z. (2005). Why Nicaraguan Peasants Stay in Agricultural Production Cooperatives: European Review of Latin American and Caribbean. Revista Europea de Estudios Latinoamericanos, Del Caribe 78, 31-47.
Safiri, Kh., & Tamiz, R. (2011).Transformation of Social Participation Studies. Jounal of Social Development Studies of Iran, 3(3), 121-132. (InPersian)
Shahroudi, A. A., & Chizari, M. (2007). Influencing Factors on Farmers' Attitudes toward Participation in Water Utility Cooperatives (Case Study in Khorasan Razavi Province). Journal of Agricultural Science and echnology. 11(42), 299-312. (In Persian)
Tasi, W. (2002). Social Capital, Strategic Relatedness and the Formation of Intraorgnizational Linkages Strategic. Management Jounal, 21, 925-939.
Tavakoli, A., Azizipour lindy, A., Rezaei, A., & Mirzaei, A. (2014). Investigating the Impact of Social Capital on Intellectual Capital Components (Case Study: Qom Province Tax Administration). Social capital management, 2(1), 265-287. (In Persian)
Yercan, M. (2003). Management turning – over and participatory management of irrigation schems: a case study of the Gediz. River Basin in Turkey. Agriculture water management, 62(3), 205-214.
Zarei Dastgerdi, Z., Iravani, H., Mokhtari Hesari, A., & Shaban Ali Fami, h. (2009). Analysis of the farmers' participation in the management of water supply network in Jarghouyeh district of Isfahan. Village and Development Quarterly, 3(2), 45-56. (InPersian)
