تحلیل رابطه بعد اجتماعی حمل و نقل شهری و توسعه اجتماعی در شهر تهران
محورهای موضوعی :
مطالعات توسعه اجتماعی ایران
صدیقه نظری
1
,
سروش فتحی
2
1 - دانشجوی دکتری جامعه شناسی اقتصادی و توسعه، دانشکده علوم انسانی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 - دانشیار گروه جامعه شناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، واحد تهران غرب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
تاریخ دریافت : 1396/09/03
تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/09/03
تاریخ انتشار : 1396/06/01
کلید واژه:
حمل و نقل,
حمل و نقل شهری,
سرمایه اجتماعی,
توسعه اجتماعی,
شهر تهران,
چکیده مقاله :
امروزه حمل و نقل شهری و آثار و پیامدهای آن علاوه بر حوزه‌های کالبدی و زیست محیطی، در حوزه‌های اجتماعی و فرهنگی مسأله‌ساز بوده، به‌طوری که این موضوع در کلان‌شهرهای کشورهای در حال توسعه از ابعاد پیچیده‌تری نیز برخوردار است. بدین ترتیب با توجه به این که شهر تهران به عنوان بزرگترین کلان‌شهر با حجم و تراکم جمعیتی و حجم انبوه جابجایی و حمل و نقلی درون و برون شهری مواجهه بوده و در بعد فنی و زیرساختی نیز در سال‌های اخیر رشد چشمگیری داشته، اما کماکان تبعات و پیامدهای حمل و نقلی در حوزه‌های زیست‌محیطی و سلامت، به عنوان یکی از مهمترین مسائل شهر تهران پابرجاست. حال با توجه به اهمیت این موضوع، مسأله محوری مطالعه حاضر این است که آیا بعد اجتماعی حمل و نقل شهری و تقویت این بعد، تأثیری در توسعه اجتماعی دارد. در این راستا استدلال مقاله این بوده که تقویت بعد اجتماعی حمل و نقل شهری به مثابه سرمایه اجتماعی، که منجر به شکل‌گیری توسعه اجتماعی در شهر می‌شود. به منظور بررسی و تحلیل این امر با استفاده از روش تحقیق اسنادی و کتابخانه‌ای و با بهره‌گیری از ابزار فیش‌برداری نظری و تحلیل مضمون، سعی شد ضمن بررسی نظری مفاهیم مرتبط با ابعاد اجتماعی حمل و نقل شهری و توسعه اجتماعی، نقش بعد اجتماعی حمل و نقل شهری در سرمایه اجتماعی و در نتیجه شکل‌گیری توسعه اجتماعی مبتنی بر استنباط‌های نظری، تحلیل شود. یافته‌های مطالعه نشان داد که در بعد مفهومی وسیع، توسعه اجتماعی یعنی بهتر شدن و ارتقای وضعیت زندگی انسان، که تقویت شاخص‌های امنیت اجتماعی، مشارکت اجتماعی، آموزش و فرهنگ‌سازی و هویت اجتماعی، در راستای تعدیل و کاهش آسیب‌های اجتماعی فضاهای مرتبط با حمل و نقل شهری عمل کرده و منجر به ایجاد سرمایه اجتماعی می‌شود و محصول نهایی این فرایند شکل‌گیری توسعه اجتماعی در شهر است و در نتیجه سرمایه اجتماعی به عنوان بعد اجتماعی حمل و نقل شهری، نقش و سهم مهمی در توسعه اجتماعی شهر تهران دارد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Today, urban transportation and its effects and consequences, in addition to the physical and environmental spheres, are problematic in the social and cultural spheres, as it has more complex dimensions in the metropolitan cities of developing countries. Thus, considering that Tehran city as the largest metropolis faces a population density and massive volume of transportation and transportation inside and outside the city, and also the technical and infrastructural aspect has been dramatically increased in recent years, but still the consequences and transport implications in environmental and health areas, is one of the most important issues in Tehran. Given the importance of this matter, the central issue of the present study is whether the social dimension of urban transport and the strengthening of this dimension has an impact on social development. In this regard, the argument is that strengthening the social dimension of urban transport as social capital, leads to the formation of social development in the city. In order to study and analyze this issue using the documentary and library research method and using the theoretical analysis tool and its analysis, we try to investigate the concepts of social dimensions of urban transportation and social development, the role of social dimension of urban transportation in social capital and, consequently, the formation of social development based on theoretical implications. The findings of the study show that in a broad conceptual dimension, social development, namely, the improvement of the human condition, which strengthen social security indicators, social participation, education and culture, and social identity, in order to reduce the social damage to urban transportation spaces action and it leads to the creation of social capital and the final product of this process is the formation of social development in the city, and as a result, social capital as a social dimension of urban transport plays an important role in the social development of Tehran.
منابع و مأخذ:
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Abdollahi, M. (2001). Social development from the point of view of Modern Sociology. In the Proceedings of the Conference on Social Development. Scientific and Cultural Company. Elmi and Farhangi Publications. Tehran.
Amanpour, S. (2014). Measuring and Identifying the Indices of Social Sustainability of Urban Transport in Ahvaz. Journal of Geography and Urban Development, Vol. 1. No. 1.
Aspalter and S. Singh (eds.), TheState of Social Welfare in Asia, Casa Verde: Hong Kong.
Aspalter.C and Singh. S. (2007), Social Development Policy in Asia: With Special Reference to India, China, Malaysia, and Japan, in C.
Behzadfar, Mostafa and others. (2010). Sustainable Transportation. International Building Magazine. No. 55.
Bokharaie, A. (2001). Micro and Micro Look into Social Development. In the Proceedings of the Conference on Social Development. Elmi and Farhangi Publications. Tehran.
Fateminia, M. (2001). Cultural and Social Study of Travelers Terminals in Tehran; Challenges and Solutions, Study Project, Tehran Research and Planning Center. Tehran.
Hardiman, M. and Midgley, J. (1982), The Social Dimensions of Development: Social Policy and Planning in the Third World, John Wiley and Sons: Chichester, UK.Debating Social Development 38.
Kalantari and Otjers. (2015). Social Development in Tehran. Tehran Research and Planning Center. Tehran.
Kalantari, S. and Others. (2015). Indicators of Social and Economic Development in Iran. Political Economic Monthly. No. 212 and 211. Tehran.
Moieni, M. (2013). Social Policy, Social Development and Informal Institutions. Social welfare quarterly. Issue 10. Social Policy Specialty. Tehran.
Nasri, K. (2001). What is the role of globalization; theoretical reflection on the nature and direction of the global song;" in: Strategic Studies Quarterly; Tehran: Strategic Studies Institute. No. 13.
Ostadjafar, M. and others. (2013). Evaluation of Sustainable Development Policies in Urban Transportation Using Dynamic System Models; Case of Study: Mashhad City. Journal of Urban Management. No. 31.
Piran, P. (2005). Globalization and Social Development. In Proceedings of the Conference on Policy and Management of Growth and Development Plans in Iran. Volume 3: Social Development. Higher Education and Research Institute of Management and Planning. Tehran.
Steg, L. Gifford, R. (2005), sustainable transpotation and quality of life, journal of transport Geography.
Tajbakhsh, K. (2005). Social Capital: Trust, Democracy and Development. Shirazeh Publications. Tehran.
Tajbakhsh, K. and Others. (2003). Social Capital and Social Policies (Studying the Status of Social Capital in Today's Iran). Social Welfare Magazine: Winter 2003. Volume 3. Issue 10 Social policy issue: From page 155 to page 200.
Tavassoli, Gh. (2001). Sociology Theories. SAMT Publications. Tehran.
Tumlin, J. (2012), Sustainable Transportation planning: Tools for creating vibrant and resilient communities, jhon wiley press. New Jersey.
Vassist, AR. (2008). The Conceptual Payment of Social Development. Translation by Mahmoud Arghavan. In: Social Development. Institute for Cultural and Social Studies.
