تئوری زمینه ای: روشی برای مطالعه علمی و عملی توسعه و تغییر اجتماعی
محورهای موضوعی :
مطالعات توسعه اجتماعی ایران
سهیلا ناصری
1
(استادیار دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد اسلامشهر، تهران ، باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، اسلامشهر، ایران)
صدیقه پیری
2
(دکتری جامعه شناسی توسعه و مدرس دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی (ره))
تاریخ دریافت : 1396/11/24
تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/11/24
تاریخ انتشار : 1396/09/01
کلید واژه:
توسعه,
مطالعات توسعه,
تغییر,
تئوری زمینه ای,
کدگذاری,
چکیده مقاله :
از دهه هفتاد میلادی به این سوی، در سنت توسعه و مطالعات آن تغییر و تحولاتی عظیم شکل گرفت. با آشکار شدن نقائص نظری و عملی مدلهای کلان رایج در سنت توسعه توجهات بیشتری بر متن و زمینه ای که توسعه در آن رخ می دهد متمرکز شد و بر خلاف قبل، تحقیقات کیفی نقش بارزی در مطالعات توسعه بر عهده گرفتند. یکی از مهم ترین روش های کیفی که مبتنی بر متن، مشارکت و استفاده از تجارب گروه هاست، تئوری زمینه ای است. این روش با مجموعه ای از تکنیک ها و روش های خاص خود فرصتی برای تفکر نظری در باب داده های بدست آمده از متن را فراهم می کند. این موضوع و کمرنگ بودن این نوع از تحقیقات در جامعه علمی حاضر باعث عطف توجه مقاله به آن شده است. در این جا دو مرحله اصلی در تئوری زمینه ای یعنی جمع آوری و تحلیل داده ها، با استفاده از مثال های عینی انجام گرفته در رشته مطالعات توسعه و تغییرات اجتماعی تشریح می شود. هدف اصلی این مقاله پیشنهاد استفاده از چنین روشی در تحقیقات توسعه ای و نشان دادن ادبیات و ترسیم مراحل عملی تئوری زمینه ای است. نتیجه نشان می دهدکه تئوری زمینه ای با نظریه سازی در امر توسعه از یک سو می تواند نقشی مهم در مطالعات توسعه ایفا کند و از سوی دیگر با پاسخ به چیستی کنشگران اجتماعی و ذینفعان از تغییر و توسعه، مؤلفه های آن، دلایل مقاومت یا پذیرش؛ چگونگی مشارکت آنان در فرایند تغییر و توسعه و سؤالاتی از این قبیل به کاهش هزینه در امر برنامه ریزی و سیاست گذاری ها مدد رساند.
چکیده انگلیسی:
: On hand, since the 1970s, there has been massive change in the tradition of development and studies. With the revealing of the theoretical and practical defects of the massive models in the development tradition, more attention was focused on the context and the context in which development occurs, and unlike before, qualitative research has played a significant role in developmental studies. One of the most important qualitative methods based on the text is the participation and use of group experiences, the theory is groundless. This method, with a set of techniques and methods, provides an opportunity for theoretical thinking about the data obtained from the text. This issue and the vagueness of this kind of research in the present scientific community have caused the attention of the article to be. Here, two main steps in the theory of theory, namely data aggregation and analysis, are described using the objective examples given in the field of development studies and social change. The main purpose of this paper is to suggest the use of such a method in research development and the presentation of literature and the drawing of the practical steps of the theory of the ground. The result shows that the theory of developmental theories on the one hand can play an important role in developmental studies, and on the other hand, by responding to what social activists and stakeholders have about change and development, its components, The reasons for their resistance or acceptance, how they participated in the process of change and development, and so on, to reduce the cost of planning and policy making.
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Pettigrew, Andrew M. 1985“The Awakening Giant: Continuity and Change in Imperial Chemical Industries” Basil Blackwell, Ltd., New York
Piri, Sedigheh (2010); Explaining the social structure of poverty from the perspective of the rural poor; Case study of Gonbad-i-Pearmohamad village from the province of Malekhashi, Ilam province, Master's dissertation, Sociology of Rural Development, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tehran[Persian].
Rahnema, Majid (2006); When Poverty Outlines Poverty, The Translation of Hamid Javdani, Institute for Management and Planning Education and Research, p. 8. [Persian]
Riley, R. (1996) “Revealing socially constructed knowledge through quasi-structured interviews and grounded theory analysis”. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 15 (2):21-40
Schroeder, R., A. van de Ven, G. Scudder, and D. Polley. (1986) “Managing innovation and change processes: Findings from the Minnesota Innovation Research Program.” Agribusiness: An International Journal 2, 501S523.
Strauss, Anselm (1987) “Qualitative Analysis for Social Sciences” Cambridge University Press, New York
Strauss, Anselm and Corbin, Juliet (2006); Principles and Methods of Qualitative Research, Basic Theory and Practices, Translation by Biouk Mohammadi, Tehran, Institute of Humanities and Cultural Studies
Strauss, Anselm L.; Corbin, Juliet M (1990) “Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques” 1st Edition
Strauss, Anselm L.; Corbin, Juliet M (1998) “Basics of Qualitative Research : Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory” sage publication
_||_
Adib Hajbagheri, Mohsen and others (2007); Qualitative Research Methods, Tehran, Neyon Publishing. [Persian]
Ahmadrash, Rashid (2012) Sociological Analysis of the Consequences of the Entry of Modern Elements (Modernization) into Kurdistan (Case Study, Mukrian Village) Ph.D., Sociology of Rural Development, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tehran[Persian].
Azkia, Mostafa and Imaniyejajmari, Hossein (2005); Sociological study of the efficiency factors of Islamic councils of the city, Social Science Letter, No. 26. [Persian]
Bitsch,Vera (2005) “Qualitative Research: A Grounded TheoryExample and Evaluation Criteria” Journal of Agribusiness 23,1pp:75-91
Brohman, John (1996) “Popular Development: Rethinking the Theory and Practice of Development” Blackwell publisher.
Egan, M. (1997) “Getting down to business and off welfare: rural women entreneurs”. Affilia, 12:215-28
Escobar, Arturo (1984), “Discourse and Power in Development: Michel Foucault and theRelevance of his Work to the Third World”, Alternatives, volume 10, issue 3, winter, pp: 377
Farzizadeh, Zahra (2007) Investigating factors affecting the decrease of rural women's activity in agriculture (Case study: Miandeh village from the functions of the city of Sowmeh Sara in Guilan province) Master's thesis, University of Tehran, Faculty of Social Sciences, The orientation of rural development sociology[Persian].
Firouzabadi, Seyyedehmad, Fazizi Zadeh, Zahra (2009) A Comparison of the Past and Present Status of Economic Activities of Rural Women in the Family (Case Study: Midway Village of the Functions of the City of Guilan) Rural Development Magazine, Period First, No. 1. [Persian]
Flick, Eve (2008); Income on qualitative research, translation of Hadi Jalili, Tehran, publication of Ney
Imani Jajarmi, Hossein (2005) Sociological Study of the Factors Affecting the Performance of Islamic Councils in Local Development (Ph.D. in Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tehran, [Persian]
LaRossa, Ralph (2005) “Grounded Theory Methods and Qualitative Family”, Research Author, Journal of Marriage and Family, Vol. 67, No. 4 (Nov), pp. 837-857
Mills, J. & Bonner, A.& Francis, K.(2006) “The Development of Constructivist Grounded Theory”, International Journal of Qualitative Methods, Vol 5 (1): 1-10
Mohammadpour, Ahmad (2007) Semantic reconstruction of the consequences of renovation in the region of Orman, Kurdistan Iran, PhD thesis of Sociology, Department of Sociology and Planning of Shiraz University. [Persian]
Mohammadpour, Ahmad (2013) Qualitative research method, anti-method 1 (logic and design in qualitative methodology), sociologists' publication. [Persian]
Mohammadpour, Ahmad, Rezaei, Mehdi (2008) Semantic Understanding the Consequences of the Entry into the Region of Orman of the Kurdistan of Iran in the Field of Research, Iranian Journal of Sociology, Vol. 9, No. 1 & 2[Persian]
Pettigrew, Andrew M. 1985“The Awakening Giant: Continuity and Change in Imperial Chemical Industries” Basil Blackwell, Ltd., New York
Piri, Sedigheh (2010); Explaining the social structure of poverty from the perspective of the rural poor; Case study of Gonbad-i-Pearmohamad village from the province of Malekhashi, Ilam province, Master's dissertation, Sociology of Rural Development, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tehran[Persian].
Rahnema, Majid (2006); When Poverty Outlines Poverty, The Translation of Hamid Javdani, Institute for Management and Planning Education and Research, p. 8. [Persian]
Riley, R. (1996) “Revealing socially constructed knowledge through quasi-structured interviews and grounded theory analysis”. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 15 (2):21-40
Schroeder, R., A. van de Ven, G. Scudder, and D. Polley. (1986) “Managing innovation and change processes: Findings from the Minnesota Innovation Research Program.” Agribusiness: An International Journal 2, 501S523.
Strauss, Anselm (1987) “Qualitative Analysis for Social Sciences” Cambridge University Press, New York
Strauss, Anselm and Corbin, Juliet (2006); Principles and Methods of Qualitative Research, Basic Theory and Practices, Translation by Biouk Mohammadi, Tehran, Institute of Humanities and Cultural Studies
Strauss, Anselm L.; Corbin, Juliet M (1990) “Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques” 1st Edition
Strauss, Anselm L.; Corbin, Juliet M (1998) “Basics of Qualitative Research : Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory” sage publication
