تبیین علل توسعه نیافتگی استان کردستان ایران (با کاربست روش کیفی)
محورهای موضوعی :
مطالعات توسعه اجتماعی ایران
سوما مردوخی
1
,
ایرج ساعی ارسی
2
1 - دانشجوی دکتری جامعه‌شناسی اقتصادی و توسعه، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 - استادیار گروه علوم اجتماعی، واحد ابهر، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، زنجان، ایران (نویسنده مسئول) (Email: saiearasi@gmail.com)
تاریخ دریافت : 1397/07/14
تاریخ پذیرش : 1398/02/21
تاریخ انتشار : 1397/10/01
کلید واژه:
توسعه نیاقتگی,
استان کردستان,
نظریه زمینه‌ای,
توسعه,
توسعه نامتوازن,
چکیده مقاله :
توسعه مفهومی پویا، متداوم و چند بعدی است که بار ارزشی دارد و با ساختار کلی جامعه و ضرورت دگرگونی همیشگی در این ساختار همراه است. سازماندهی بین عناصر این ساختار از چنان اهمیتی برخوردار است که توسعه یافتگی اساساً در هماهنگی و توازن بین عناصر مختلف جامعه معنا می یابد. کردستان از جمله استان های توسعه نیافته ای است که همواره با مشکلات ناشی از توسعه نیافتگی و عدم توازن بین عناصر جامعه مواجه بوده است. بر این اساس، هدف اصلی پژوهش حاضر شناختی جامع از علل توسعه نیافتگی این استان است که با رویکردی جامعه شناسانه کشف و بررسی شود. در این راستا از رویکرد تفسیرگرایی اجتماعی بهره گرفته و با کاربست روش نظریه زمینه ای و تکنیک مصاحبه عمیق به مطالعه علل توسعه نیافتگی استان کردستان پرداخته ایم. یافته های به دست آمده شامل شش مقوله عمده است که عبارتند از: موانع اقتصادی، سیاسی، تکنولوژیکی، اجتماعی، فرهنگی و اکولوژیکی. مقوله هسته این مطالعه نیز توسعه نامتوازن است که سایر مقولات را در برمی گیرد. نتایج تحلیل داده های پژوهش حاضر و مدل زمینه ای ارایه شده نشان می دهد که مردم کردستان علل توسعه نیافتگی را به مثابه توسعه ای ناموزون و ناهماهنگ تفسیر می کنند که این عناصر ناموزون در ترکیب خود زمینه پدید آمدن روابط اجتماعی ناعادلانه و آسیب های فراوان اجتماعی را فراهم آورده است.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Development is a dynamic, continuous and multi-dimensional concept and is accompanied by the general structure of the society and the necessity of usual transformation existing in that structure. Organizing the elements of the mentioned structure has so much importance that development finds its meaning in balance and coordination of different elements of the society. Kurdistan is one of the Undeveloped provinces that have always been struggling with the issues arose from its underdevelopment and unbalanced elements of the society. Therefore, the main goal of this research is recognition of causes of this province’s underdevelopment using a sociological approach. In this regard, social interpretive approach by applying the grounded theory method and deep interviewing has been used to identify the causes. The results of this study include six main categories: economic, political, technological, social, cultural and ecological barriers. The core category of this study is uneven development that covers other categories. The data analysis results of the present research and the grounded model indicate that Kurdish people interpret the causes of underdevelopment as an inconsistent and uneven development that these irregular elements in their composition create unfair social relations and harms.
منابع و مأخذ:
Afsharkohan, J. (2007). Inevitable Development: A Case Study of the Conditions of Underdeveloped Communities. Journal of Sociology of Iran, (8) 2, 39-58. [Persian]
Astle, A. (1989). What is Development?. New Zealand Journal of Geography,(87)1, 13-15.
Azimi (Arani), H. (2013). Unsuccessful Circuits in Iran's Economy. Tehran. Ney Publishing. [Persian]
Azkia, M., & Ghaffari, Gh. (2005). Sociology of Development. Tehran. Kayhan Publications. [Persian]
Bahrami, R. (2010). Major Challenges of Rural Development, A Case Study of Kurdistan Province. Geographical Research, (89), 125-142. [Persian]
Dawwari, F. (2006). Culture, Infrastructure of Economic Development. Report, (30), 32-181. [Persian]
Denzin, N & Lincoln, Y. (2005). The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research. London. Sage Publication.
Fish, S. (1980). Is There a Text in This Class? The Authority of Interpretative Communities. Cambridge, MA. Harvard University Press.
Ghaderzadeh, O., & Mohammadpour, A., & Ghaderi, O. (2011). Social construction of the border trade phenomenon, presentation of an underlying theory in Marivan city. Quarterly of Welfare and Social Planning, (9), 35-80. [Persian]
Glaser, B. (1998). Doing Grounded Theory: Issues and Discussions. Sociologyy Press.
Hyderali H. (2012). A Practical Guide to Qualitative Research. Tehran. Samt Publications. [Persian]
Izadkhah, M. (2012). Employment, Development and Improvement of Business Space. Ayandenegar, (13). [Persian]
Mohammadpour, A. (2013). Qualitative research method of anti-methodology, logic and design in qualitative methodology. (1), Tehran. Sociologists. [Persian]
Mossalenezhad, Gholam A. (2005). Government and Economic Development in Iran. Tehran. Ghumes Publications. [Persian]
Naraghi, Y. (2001). Sociology and Development. Tehran. Foruzanruz Publication and Research. [Persian]
Pouryani, Mohammad H. (2006). The Consequences of Underdevelopment in the Past Decades in Iran. Strategic Management Researches, (37), 161-196. [Persian]
Qarakhloo, M., & Habibi, K. (2006). Immigration analysis in relation to the level of development of the provinces of the country using planning techniques. Quarterly journal of geographic research, (81), 59-83. [Persian]
Razavi, Seyed A. (2009). An Introduction to the Issues and Historical Backgrounds of Iran's Underdevelopment. Monthly Journal of History and Geography, (138), 26-30. [Persian]
Rocher, Guy (2006). Social Change. (Mansour Vosoughi). Tehran. Ney Publishing. [Persian]
Saeie Arasi, I. (2013). Writing Research Skills in Social Sciences, Tehran. Bahman Borna Publications. [Persian]
Saeie Arasi, I., & Saeie Arasi, A. (2017). Qualitative Research Methodology in Social Sciences. Qazvin. Kaspian Danesh. [Persian]
Seyfollahi, S. (1995). Political Economy of Iran; Collection of Articles and Opinions. Tehran. Al-Mizan Community Studies and Planning Research Institute. [Persian]
Strauss, A., Corbin, J. (2011). Principles of qualitative research: Techniques and stages of production of the underlying theory. (Ibrahim Afshar). Tehran. Nay Publications. [Persian]
Su, Y, Alvin. (2014). Social change and development: A review of the ideas of modernization, dependence and the global system. (Mahmoud Habibi Mazaheri). Tehran. Strategic Studies Research Center. [Persian]
Todaro, Michael P. (1977). Economic Development in the Third World: An Introduction to Problems and Policies in a Global Perspective. London. New York. Longman. 88-96.
Turner, J. (2003). Structure of Sociological Theory. New York: Wadsworth Publication.
Zarabi, A., & Yazidi, M. (2013). An Analysis of Regional Development of Provinces of the Country. Journal of Space Planning, (1), 101-116. [Persian]
Ziyari, K., & Mohammadi, A., & Attar, Kh. (2011), the Study of the Development Degree of the Cities of the Country and its Relationship with the Rate of Urbanization. Journal of Space Planning, (3), 1-16. [Persian]
_||_
Afsharkohan, J. (2007). Inevitable Development: A Case Study of the Conditions of Underdeveloped Communities. Journal of Sociology of Iran, (8) 2, 39-58. [Persian]
Astle, A. (1989). What is Development?. New Zealand Journal of Geography,(87)1, 13-15.
Azimi (Arani), H. (2013). Unsuccessful Circuits in Iran's Economy. Tehran. Ney Publishing. [Persian]
Azkia, M., & Ghaffari, Gh. (2005). Sociology of Development. Tehran. Kayhan Publications. [Persian]
Bahrami, R. (2010). Major Challenges of Rural Development, A Case Study of Kurdistan Province. Geographical Research, (89), 125-142. [Persian]
Dawwari, F. (2006). Culture, Infrastructure of Economic Development. Report, (30), 32-181. [Persian]
Denzin, N & Lincoln, Y. (2005). The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research. London. Sage Publication.
Fish, S. (1980). Is There a Text in This Class? The Authority of Interpretative Communities. Cambridge, MA. Harvard University Press.
Ghaderzadeh, O., & Mohammadpour, A., & Ghaderi, O. (2011). Social construction of the border trade phenomenon, presentation of an underlying theory in Marivan city. Quarterly of Welfare and Social Planning, (9), 35-80. [Persian]
Glaser, B. (1998). Doing Grounded Theory: Issues and Discussions. Sociologyy Press.
Hyderali H. (2012). A Practical Guide to Qualitative Research. Tehran. Samt Publications. [Persian]
Izadkhah, M. (2012). Employment, Development and Improvement of Business Space. Ayandenegar, (13). [Persian]
Mohammadpour, A. (2013). Qualitative research method of anti-methodology, logic and design in qualitative methodology. (1), Tehran. Sociologists. [Persian]
Mossalenezhad, Gholam A. (2005). Government and Economic Development in Iran. Tehran. Ghumes Publications. [Persian]
Naraghi, Y. (2001). Sociology and Development. Tehran. Foruzanruz Publication and Research. [Persian]
Pouryani, Mohammad H. (2006). The Consequences of Underdevelopment in the Past Decades in Iran. Strategic Management Researches, (37), 161-196. [Persian]
Qarakhloo, M., & Habibi, K. (2006). Immigration analysis in relation to the level of development of the provinces of the country using planning techniques. Quarterly journal of geographic research, (81), 59-83. [Persian]
Razavi, Seyed A. (2009). An Introduction to the Issues and Historical Backgrounds of Iran's Underdevelopment. Monthly Journal of History and Geography, (138), 26-30. [Persian]
Rocher, Guy (2006). Social Change. (Mansour Vosoughi). Tehran. Ney Publishing. [Persian]
Saeie Arasi, I. (2013). Writing Research Skills in Social Sciences, Tehran. Bahman Borna Publications. [Persian]
Saeie Arasi, I., & Saeie Arasi, A. (2017). Qualitative Research Methodology in Social Sciences. Qazvin. Kaspian Danesh. [Persian]
Seyfollahi, S. (1995). Political Economy of Iran; Collection of Articles and Opinions. Tehran. Al-Mizan Community Studies and Planning Research Institute. [Persian]
Strauss, A., Corbin, J. (2011). Principles of qualitative research: Techniques and stages of production of the underlying theory. (Ibrahim Afshar). Tehran. Nay Publications. [Persian]
Su, Y, Alvin. (2014). Social change and development: A review of the ideas of modernization, dependence and the global system. (Mahmoud Habibi Mazaheri). Tehran. Strategic Studies Research Center. [Persian]
Todaro, Michael P. (1977). Economic Development in the Third World: An Introduction to Problems and Policies in a Global Perspective. London. New York. Longman. 88-96.
Turner, J. (2003). Structure of Sociological Theory. New York: Wadsworth Publication.
Zarabi, A., & Yazidi, M. (2013). An Analysis of Regional Development of Provinces of the Country. Journal of Space Planning, (1), 101-116. [Persian]
Ziyari, K., & Mohammadi, A., & Attar, Kh. (2011), the Study of the Development Degree of the Cities of the Country and its Relationship with the Rate of Urbanization. Journal of Space Planning, (3), 1-16. [Persian]
