مروری بر تأثیر اعتیاد به مواد مخدر بر روی عملکرد و ساختار مغز بر مبنای تحلیل سیگنال‌های الکتروانسفالوگرام

عاطفه توبیها ¹ (دانشکده مهندسی برق- واحد نجف‌آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف‌آباد، ایران) ندا بهزادفر ² (مرکز تحقیقات پردازش دیجیتال و بینایی ماشین- واحد نجف‌آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف‌آباد، ایران)
محمد رضا یوسفی ³ (مرکز تحقیقات ریزشبکه‌های هوشمند- واحد نجف‌آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف‌آباد، ایران)
همایون مهدوی نسب ⁴ (دانشکده مهندسی برق- واحد نجف‌آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف‌آباد، ایران)

تاریخ ارسال : 1402/02/22 تاریخ تایید : 1402/07/12

کلید واژه: اعتیاد, استخراج ویژگی, سیگنال الکتروانسفالوگرام, طیف قدرت,

چکیده مقاله :

اعتیاد به مواد مخدر سبب ایجاد تغییرات ساختاری و عملکردی در مغز انسان می گردد و می توان آن را به عنوان یک بیماری مزمن در نظر گرفت. تاکنون مطالعات مختلفی جهت بررسی اعتیاد بر روی سیگنال الکتروانسفالوگرام (EEG) انجام شده که از نظر روش، شرایط تجربی، نمونه ها و نتایج متفاوت هستند. بررسی مطالعات قبلی و روش های تجربی جهت بررسی بهتر مسائل و چالش های موجود در طراحی مطالعات اعتیاد ضروری است. سیگنال الکتروانسفالوگرام، به عنوان یک ابزار غیرتهاجمی دارای توانایی بالقوه جهت بررسی فعالیت عملکردی و شناختی مغز است. از الکتروانسفالوگرام می توان جهت بررسی ارتباط تغییرات ایجاد شده در مغز در اثر مصرف مواد مخدر استفاده کرد. در این مقاله به بررسی تغییرات ایجاد شده در سیگنال الکتروانسفالوگرام در اثر مصرف مواد و همچنین پس از ترک مواد مخدر اشاره خواهد شد. نتایج نشان می دهد که مصرف مواد مخدر سبب کاهش پردازش توجه و ایجاد اختلالات عملکردی و ناهنجاری های مغزی می گردد. در افراد معتاد افزایش فعالیت زیرباندهای بتا و دومین زیرباند آلفا، تأخیر در رخداد و کاهش دامنه P300 مشاهده شده است. همچنین نسبت توان زیرباند آلفا به تتا در T6 کاهش نشان داده و اختلاف معنا دار در زیرباند دلتا به زیرباند آلفا در نسبت توان مشاهده شده است. یافته ها نشان می دهند که ولع و سابقه مصرف مواد افراد بر توان سیگنال الکتروانسفالوگرام تأثیر می گذارد. فعالیت عصبی در زیرباند آلفای افرادی که اعتیاد را ترک کرده اند نیز به طور معنی داری در لوب پاریتال (BA3 و BA7)، لوب فرونتال (BA4 و BA6) و لوب لیمبیک (BA24) ضعیف تر است.

چکیده انگلیسی :

Drug addiction causes structural and functional changes in the human brain and can be considered a chronic disease. So far, various studies have been performed to examine addiction on the brain signal, which differs in terms of method, experimental conditions, samples, and results. A review of previous studies and experimental methods is necessary to better examine the issues and challenges in the design of addiction studies. The electroencephalogram (EEG) signal, as a non-invasive instrument, has the potential to monitor the functional and cognitive activity of the brain. EEG can be used to examine the relationship between changes in the brain caused by drug use. This article will review the changes in brain signals caused by substance use as well as after quitting drugs. The results show that the use of narcotic drugs reduces attention processing and causes functional disorders and brain abnormalities. In addicted people, an increase in the activity of the beta subunit and the second alpha subunit, a delay in the event, and a decrease in the amplitude of P300 have been observed. Also, the power ratio of alpha to theta subunit has decreased in T6 and a significant difference has been observed in the power ratio between delta subunit and alpha subunit. The findings showed that people's desire and history of drug consumption affect the power of the electroencephalogram signal. The neural activity in the sub-alpha band of people who quit an addiction is also significantly weaker in the parietal (BA3 and BA7), frontal (BA4 and BA6), and limbic. 

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