یک پروتکل مسیریابی آگاه از جاده برای شبکه های موردی بین خودرویی
محورهای موضوعی : انرژی های تجدیدپذیر
بهاره مظلومی فرد
1
(واحد خوی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، خوی، ایران)
عبدالرضا حاتم لو
2
(واحد خوی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، خوی، ایران.)
کلید واژه: شبکه خودرویی, پروتکل مسیریابی آگاه از جاده, تاخیر انتها به انتها,
چکیده مقاله :
شبکه های خودرویی موردی نمونه ای از شبکه های سیار موردی هستند که خودروها نقش گره های متحرک را ایفا می کنند. در این شبکه ها خودروها با یکدیگر ارتباط دارند و می توانند به یکدیگر پیام ارسال کنند که با زیرساخت کنار جاده ای نیز ارتباط دارند. به طور مثال در هنگام بروز تصادف از این تبادل پیام برای آگاهی سایر خودروها استفاده می شود. در چنین شبکه هایی، مسیریابی موضوع اساسی برای طراحی شبکه است. طراحی های ضعیف باعث ایجاد مشکلات جدی در شبکه های خودرویی می شود. انتقال داده به صورت Multi-hop در شبکه هایVANET کاری است پیچیده، زیرا گره های شبکه (وسایل نقلیه) بسیار متحرک بوده و به همین دلیل احتمال قطع شدن ارتباط بسیار زیاد است. از این رو تکنیک های ارسال اطلاعات در شبکه های خودرویی بسیار حائز اهمیت هستند و در سال های اخیر مورد توجه ویژه ای قرار گرفته اند. در این مقاله یک پروتکل مسیریابی توزیع شده با رویکرد محاسبه تاخیر انتها به انتها در مسیرهای ایجاد شده، قبل از ارسال بسته داده ارائه شده است. این پروتکل بر روی قطعات جاده ای، ستون فقرات پایدار ایجاد کرده و آنها را از طریق گره های پل به یکدیگر وصل می کند. گره های پل به قطعات جاده ای وزن اختصاص می دهد که آن را از روی اطلاعات جمع آوری شده از تاخیر موجود در مسیرها و کیفیت ارتباط انجام می دهد. نتایج شبیه سازی نشان دهنده موفقیت پروتکل پیشنهادی در مقایسه با دو پروتکل معروف شبکه های خودرویی AODV و AOMDV است.
Vehicle ad-hoc networks are examples of mobile ad-hoc networks where vehicles are the mobile nodes. Inthese networks, vehicles are interconnected and can send messages to each other, but also to the roadsideinfrastructure. In such networks, routing is essential for network design. Poor design causes seriousproblems for vehicle networks. Multi-hop data transmission over VANET networks is a complex task,since network nodes are very mobile and therefore very likely to be disconnected. Therefore, informationdissemination techniques in car networks are very important and have received special attention in recent years. In this research, we present a distributed routing protocol with end-to-end delay computation approach to the generated paths before sending the data packet. This protocol creates a stable backbone on the road components and connects them through bridge nodes. Bridge nodes allocate weight to road components, which it does on the basis of information gathered from delays in routes and communication quality. The simulation results show the success of the proposed protocol compared to two well-known vehicle network protocols including AODV and AOMDV.
[1] S. Al-Sultan, M.M. Al-Doori, A. H. Al-Bayatti, H. Zedan, "A comprehensive survey on vehicular ad hoc network", Journal of Network Computing and Applications, vol. 37, pp. 380–392, Jan. 2014 (doi: 10.1016/j.jnca.2013.02.036).
[2] R. Barskar, M. Chawla, "Vehicular ad hoc networks and its applications in diversified fields", International Journal of Computer Applications, vol. 123, no. 10, pp. 7-11, 2015 (doi: 10.5120/IJCA2015905510).
[3] R. G. Engoulou, M. Bellaïche, S. Pierre, A. Quintero, "VANET security surveys", Computer Communications, vol. 44, pp.1-13, March 2014 (doi: 10.1016/j.comcom.2014.02.020).
[4] J. Kakarla, S. Siva Sathya, B. Govinda Laxmi, R. Babu B, “A Survey on Routing Protocols and its Issues in VANET”, International Journal of Computer Applications, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 38–44, Aug. 2011 (doi: 10.5120/3373-4663).
[5] Y. Sun, X. Lin, R. Lu, X. Shen, J. Su, “Roadside unit’s deployment for efficient short time certificate updating in vanets”, Proceeding of the IEEE/ICC, Cape Town, South Africa, pp.1-5, May 2010 (doi: 10.1109/icc.2010.5502183)
[6] K. C. Lee, U. Lee, M. Gerla. "Survey of routing protocols in vehicular ad hoc networks", In Advances in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks: Developments and Challenges. edited by Mohamed Watfa, Hershey, PA: IGI Global, pp. 149-170, 2010 (doi:10.4018/978-1-61520-913-2.ch008).
[7] Z. Lu, G. Qu, Z. Liu, “A Survey on recent advances in vehicular network security, trust, and privacy”, IEEE Trans. on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 760–776, Feb. 2019 (doi: 10.1109/tits.2018.2818888).
[8] M. Arif, G. Wang, M. Z. A. Bhuiyan, T. Wang, J. Chen, “A survey on security attacks in VANETs: communication, applications and challenges,” Vehicular Communications, vol. 19, p. 100179, 2019 (doi: 10.1016/j.vehcom.2019.100179).
[9] M. S. Sheikh, J. Liang, “A comprehensive survey on VANET security services in traffic management system”, Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, vol. 2019, pp. 1–23, Sept. 2019 (doi: 10.1155/2019/2423915).
[10] A. Mahmood, B. Butler, W. E. Zhang, Q. Z. Sheng, S. A. Siddiqui, “A hybrid trust management heuristic for VANETs”, Proceedings of the IEEE/PERCOM, pp. 748–752, March 2019 (doi: 10.1109/percomw.2019.8730675).
[11] Y. He, F. R. Yu, Z. Wei, V. Leung, “Trust management for secure cognitive radio vehicular ad hoc networks”, Ad Hoc Networks, vol. 86, pp. 154–165, 2019 (doi:1 0.1016/j.adhoc.2018.11.006).
[12] A. Boualouache, S.-M. Senouci, S. Moussaoui, “A survey on pseudonym changing strategies for vehicular ad-hoc networks”, IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 770–790, 2018 (doi: 10.1109/comst.2017.2771522).
[13] S. Boussoufa-Lahlah, F. Semchedine, L. Bouallouche-Medjkoune, “Geographic routing protocols for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs): A survey”, Vehicular Communications, vol. 11, pp. 20–31, 2018 (doi: 10.1016/j.vehcom.2018.01.006).
[14] M. T. Garrosi, M. Kalac, T. Lorenzen, "Geo-routing in urban Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks: A literature review", Proceeding of the IEEE/ICNC), Santa Clara, CA, pp. 865-871, 2017 (doi: 10.1109/ICCNC.2017.7876245).
[15] N. Goel, G. Sharma, I. Dhyani, “A study of position based VANET routing protocols”, Proceeding of the IEEE/ICCCA, pp. 655-660, Noida, India, April 2016 (doi:10.1109/ccaa.2016.7813803).
[16] J. Liu, J. Wan, Q. Wang, P. Deng, K. Zhou, Y. Qiao, “A survey on position-based routing for vehicular ad hoc networks”, Telecommunication Systems, vol. 62, pp. 15-30, 2016 (doi:10.1007/s11235-015-9979-7).
[17] B. Karp, H. T. Kung, “GPSR: Greedy perimeter stateless routing for wireless networks”, Proceeding of the AICMCN, pp. 243–254, Aug. 2000 (doi:10.21236/ada440078).
[18] M. Jerbi, S. M Senouci, R. Meraihi Y. GhamriDoudane, “An improved vehicular ad hoc routing protocol for city environments”, Proceeding of the IEEE/ICC, pp. 3972–3979, Glasgow, UK, June 2007 (doi: 10.1109/icc.2007.654).
[19] N. Alsharif, S. Cespedes, X. Shen, “iCAR: Intersection-based connectivity aware routing in vehicular ad hoc networks”, Proceeding of the IEEE/ICC, pp. 1736–1741, Budapest, Hungary, June 2013 (doi: 10.1109/icc.2013.6654769).
[20] P. Sahu, E. Wu, J. Sahoo, M. Gerla, “BAHG: Back-bone-assisted hop greedy routing for VANET’s city environments”, IEEE Trans. on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 199–213, 2013 (doi: 10.1109/tits.2012.2212189).
[21] M. A. Togou, A. Hafid, L. Khoukhi. "SCRP: stable CDS-based routing protocol for urban vehicular ad hoc networks”, IEEE Trans. on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 1298-1307, 2016 (doi:10.1109/tits.2015.2504129).
[22] M. A. Togou, A. Hafid, P. Sahu, “A stable minimum velocity CDS-based virtual backbone for VANET in city environment”, Proceeding of the IEEE/LCN, pp. 510–513, Edmonton, AB, Canada, Sept. 2014 (doi:10.1109/lcn.2014.6925829).
[23] M. A. Togou, A. Hafid, L. Khoukhi, “A novel CDS-based routing protocol for vehicular ad hoc networks in urban environments”, Proceeding of the IEEE/GLOBECOM, pp. 1–6, San Diego, CA, USA, Dec. 2015 (doi: 10.1109/glocom.2015.7417266).
[24] K. N. Qureshi, A. H. Abdullah, J. Lloret, A. Altameem, “Road-aware routing strategies for vehicular ad hoc networks: characteristics and comparisons”, International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 1-16, Jan. 2016 (doi:10.1155/2016/1605734).
[25] C. E. Perkins, E. M. Royer, "Ad-hoc on-demand distance vector routing", Proceedings of the IEEE/WMCSA, pp. 90-100, New Orleans, LA, USA, USA, Feb. 1999 (doi: 10.1109/MCSA.1999.749281).
[26] M. K. Marina, S. R. Das, “Ad hoc on-demand multipath distance vector routing”, ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 92–93, Jun. 2002 (doi:10.1145/581291.581305).
_||_[1] S. Al-Sultan, M.M. Al-Doori, A. H. Al-Bayatti, H. Zedan, "A comprehensive survey on vehicular ad hoc network", Journal of Network Computing and Applications, vol. 37, pp. 380–392, Jan. 2014 (doi: 10.1016/j.jnca.2013.02.036).
[2] R. Barskar, M. Chawla, "Vehicular ad hoc networks and its applications in diversified fields", International Journal of Computer Applications, vol. 123, no. 10, pp. 7-11, 2015 (doi: 10.5120/IJCA2015905510).
[3] R. G. Engoulou, M. Bellaïche, S. Pierre, A. Quintero, "VANET security surveys", Computer Communications, vol. 44, pp.1-13, March 2014 (doi: 10.1016/j.comcom.2014.02.020).
[4] J. Kakarla, S. Siva Sathya, B. Govinda Laxmi, R. Babu B, “A Survey on Routing Protocols and its Issues in VANET”, International Journal of Computer Applications, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 38–44, Aug. 2011 (doi: 10.5120/3373-4663).
[5] Y. Sun, X. Lin, R. Lu, X. Shen, J. Su, “Roadside unit’s deployment for efficient short time certificate updating in vanets”, Proceeding of the IEEE/ICC, Cape Town, South Africa, pp.1-5, May 2010 (doi: 10.1109/icc.2010.5502183)
[6] K. C. Lee, U. Lee, M. Gerla. "Survey of routing protocols in vehicular ad hoc networks", In Advances in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks: Developments and Challenges. edited by Mohamed Watfa, Hershey, PA: IGI Global, pp. 149-170, 2010 (doi:10.4018/978-1-61520-913-2.ch008).
[7] Z. Lu, G. Qu, Z. Liu, “A Survey on recent advances in vehicular network security, trust, and privacy”, IEEE Trans. on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 760–776, Feb. 2019 (doi: 10.1109/tits.2018.2818888).
[8] M. Arif, G. Wang, M. Z. A. Bhuiyan, T. Wang, J. Chen, “A survey on security attacks in VANETs: communication, applications and challenges,” Vehicular Communications, vol. 19, p. 100179, 2019 (doi: 10.1016/j.vehcom.2019.100179).
[9] M. S. Sheikh, J. Liang, “A comprehensive survey on VANET security services in traffic management system”, Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, vol. 2019, pp. 1–23, Sept. 2019 (doi: 10.1155/2019/2423915).
[10] A. Mahmood, B. Butler, W. E. Zhang, Q. Z. Sheng, S. A. Siddiqui, “A hybrid trust management heuristic for VANETs”, Proceedings of the IEEE/PERCOM, pp. 748–752, March 2019 (doi: 10.1109/percomw.2019.8730675).
[11] Y. He, F. R. Yu, Z. Wei, V. Leung, “Trust management for secure cognitive radio vehicular ad hoc networks”, Ad Hoc Networks, vol. 86, pp. 154–165, 2019 (doi:1 0.1016/j.adhoc.2018.11.006).
[12] A. Boualouache, S.-M. Senouci, S. Moussaoui, “A survey on pseudonym changing strategies for vehicular ad-hoc networks”, IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 770–790, 2018 (doi: 10.1109/comst.2017.2771522).
[13] S. Boussoufa-Lahlah, F. Semchedine, L. Bouallouche-Medjkoune, “Geographic routing protocols for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs): A survey”, Vehicular Communications, vol. 11, pp. 20–31, 2018 (doi: 10.1016/j.vehcom.2018.01.006).
[14] M. T. Garrosi, M. Kalac, T. Lorenzen, "Geo-routing in urban Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks: A literature review", Proceeding of the IEEE/ICNC), Santa Clara, CA, pp. 865-871, 2017 (doi: 10.1109/ICCNC.2017.7876245).
[15] N. Goel, G. Sharma, I. Dhyani, “A study of position based VANET routing protocols”, Proceeding of the IEEE/ICCCA, pp. 655-660, Noida, India, April 2016 (doi:10.1109/ccaa.2016.7813803).
[16] J. Liu, J. Wan, Q. Wang, P. Deng, K. Zhou, Y. Qiao, “A survey on position-based routing for vehicular ad hoc networks”, Telecommunication Systems, vol. 62, pp. 15-30, 2016 (doi:10.1007/s11235-015-9979-7).
[17] B. Karp, H. T. Kung, “GPSR: Greedy perimeter stateless routing for wireless networks”, Proceeding of the AICMCN, pp. 243–254, Aug. 2000 (doi:10.21236/ada440078).
[18] M. Jerbi, S. M Senouci, R. Meraihi Y. GhamriDoudane, “An improved vehicular ad hoc routing protocol for city environments”, Proceeding of the IEEE/ICC, pp. 3972–3979, Glasgow, UK, June 2007 (doi: 10.1109/icc.2007.654).
[19] N. Alsharif, S. Cespedes, X. Shen, “iCAR: Intersection-based connectivity aware routing in vehicular ad hoc networks”, Proceeding of the IEEE/ICC, pp. 1736–1741, Budapest, Hungary, June 2013 (doi: 10.1109/icc.2013.6654769).
[20] P. Sahu, E. Wu, J. Sahoo, M. Gerla, “BAHG: Back-bone-assisted hop greedy routing for VANET’s city environments”, IEEE Trans. on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 199–213, 2013 (doi: 10.1109/tits.2012.2212189).
[21] M. A. Togou, A. Hafid, L. Khoukhi. "SCRP: stable CDS-based routing protocol for urban vehicular ad hoc networks”, IEEE Trans. on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 1298-1307, 2016 (doi:10.1109/tits.2015.2504129).
[22] M. A. Togou, A. Hafid, P. Sahu, “A stable minimum velocity CDS-based virtual backbone for VANET in city environment”, Proceeding of the IEEE/LCN, pp. 510–513, Edmonton, AB, Canada, Sept. 2014 (doi:10.1109/lcn.2014.6925829).
[23] M. A. Togou, A. Hafid, L. Khoukhi, “A novel CDS-based routing protocol for vehicular ad hoc networks in urban environments”, Proceeding of the IEEE/GLOBECOM, pp. 1–6, San Diego, CA, USA, Dec. 2015 (doi: 10.1109/glocom.2015.7417266).
[24] K. N. Qureshi, A. H. Abdullah, J. Lloret, A. Altameem, “Road-aware routing strategies for vehicular ad hoc networks: characteristics and comparisons”, International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 1-16, Jan. 2016 (doi:10.1155/2016/1605734).
[25] C. E. Perkins, E. M. Royer, "Ad-hoc on-demand distance vector routing", Proceedings of the IEEE/WMCSA, pp. 90-100, New Orleans, LA, USA, USA, Feb. 1999 (doi: 10.1109/MCSA.1999.749281).
[26] M. K. Marina, S. R. Das, “Ad hoc on-demand multipath distance vector routing”, ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 92–93, Jun. 2002 (doi:10.1145/581291.581305).