مدیریت انرژی بهینه ریزشبکه براساس معیارهای فنی، اقتصادی و زیست-محیطی با استفاده از الگوریتم جستجوی کلاغ
محورهای موضوعی : انرژی های تجدیدپذیر
سجاد گرجی
1
(دانشکده مهندسی برق- واحد نجف آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف آباد، ایران)
سعید زمانیان
2
(دانشکده و پژوهشکده مهندسی و پدافند غیر عامل، دانشگاه جامع امام حسین (ع)، تهران، ایران)
مجید معظمی
3
(مرکز تحقیقات ریز شبکه های هوشمند- واحد نجف آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف آباد، ایران)
کلید واژه: قابلیت اعتماد, الگوریتم جستجوی کلاغ, بهینه‌سازی ریزشبکه, مدیریت انرژی,
چکیده مقاله :
با افزایش محبوبیت استفاده از منابع انرژی تجدیدپذیر در قالب ریزشبکه ها در سیستم قدرت، مسائل فنی و اقتصادی جدیدی در این صنعت پا به عرصه ظهور گذاشته اند. بهره برداری بهینه از ریزشبکه ها در حضور منابع انرژی تجدیدپذیر یکی از چالش های جدید این صنعت به شمار می رود. ریزشبکه ها شبکه های کوچکی مشتمل بر واحدهای تولید پراکنده و بارهای محلی هستند که به صورت مستقل یا متصل به شبکه های توزیع مورد بهره برداری قرار می گیرند. معمولاً در ریزشبکه های منفصل از شبکه، انرژی مورد نیاز مصرف کنندگان از طریق سیستم های ترکیبی منابع انرژی تامین می گردد. هدف اصلی سیسستم های ترکیبی، تامین بار در هر لحظه از زمان و ذخیره ی انرژی اضافی برای شرایط بحرانی است. در این مقاله یک روش مدیریت انرژی بهینه ریزشبکه براساس معیارهای فنی اقتصادی و زیست محیطی با استفاده از الگوریتم جستجوی کلاغ ارائه شده است. ریزشبکه مورد مطالعه شامل منابع انرژی تجدیدپذیر، باتری و ژنراتور به عنوان پشتیبان است. در روش پیشنهادی هزینه سالیانه و میزان انتشار آلودگی به عنوان تابع هدف در نظر گرفته شده است. فرآیند تخصیص بهینه واحدهای تجدیدپذیر با استفاده از الگوریتم فراابتکاری جستجوی کلاغ انجام شده است. نتایج شبیه سازی روش پیشنهادی نشان دهنده ترکیب بندی مناسبی از اجزاء سیستم بوده که منجر به کاهش انتشار آلاینده ها و هزینه احداث سیستم می شود.
By incremental deployment of renewable energy sources on microgrid frameworks, new technical and economic issues have emerged in the power system industry. The optimal operation of microgrids in the presence of intermittent renewable sources has been counted as a new challenge within the last decade. Microgrids are off-grid or grid-connected power systems on a very small scale encompassing different types of distributed generation sources and local loads. Generally, in isolated microgrids, the demanded energy of consumers is maintained by hybrid models of internal energy sources. The principal purpose of hybrid systems is to supply the electrical power demanded by consumers instantaneously as well as storing surplus energy for critical conditions. In this paper, a techno-economic and environmental base approach for optimal energy management of microgrids using crow search algorithm is presented. Under study microgrid include renewable energy resources, battery and diesel generator as backup power generator. Annual cost and the released emission are considered as the objective function of the proposed method. The crow search algorithm calculates power dispatch scheduling among generation units. Simulation results of the proposed method show the appropriate configuration of the hybrid system that lead to decrease the annual cost of the system and the released emission.
[1] S. Ansari, S. Mohammad, "Determination of optimal battery capacity in economic operation of micro grid by cuckoo search algorithm", Journal of Intelligent Procedures in Electrical Technology, vol. 10, no. 38, pp. 51-64, Summer 2019 (in Persian).
[2] A. L-Bukar, C. W-Tan, K. Y-Lau, "Optimal sizing of an autonomous photovoltaic/wind/battery/diesel generator microgrid using grasshopper optimization algorithm", Solar Energy, vol. 183, no. 3, pp. 685-696, Agu. 2019 (doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2019.06.050).
[3] M. Shane, H. Shahinzadeh, M. Moazzami, G. B. Gharehpetian, "Optimal sizing and management of hybrid renewable energy system for highways lighting", International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 2336-2349, Dec. 2018
[4] S. Moghaddam, M. Bigdeli, M. Moradlou, P. Slano, "Designing of stand‑alone hybrid PV/wind/battery system using improved crow search algorithm considering reliability index", International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 429-449, Agu. 2019 (doi: 10.1007/s40095-019-00319-y).
[5] X. Xu, W. Hu, D. Cao, Q. Huang, C. Chen, Z. Chen, "Optimized sizing of a standalone PV-wind hydropower station with pumped-storage installation hybrid energy system", Rewable energy, vol. 147, no. 1, pp. 1418-1431, Mar. 2019 (doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2019.09.099).
[6] R. Logesh, "Resources, configurations, and soft computing techniques for power management and control of PV/wind hybrid system", Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 69, pp. 129-143, Mar. 2017 (doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2016.11.209)
[7] K. Kaabeche, Y. Bakelli, "Renewable hybrid system size optimization considering various electrochemical energy storage technologies", Energy Conversion And Managrmrnt, vol. 193, no. 1, pp. 162-175, Agu. 2019 (doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2019.04.064).
[8] M. Azaza, F. Wallin, "Multi objective particle swarm optimization of hybrid micro-grid system: A case study in Sweden", Energy, vol. 123, pp. 108-118, Mar. 2017 (doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2017.01.149).
[9] M. Hosseinzadeh, F. R-Salmasi, "Power management of an isolated hybrid AC/DC micro-grid with fuzzy control of battery banks", IET Renewable Power Generation, vol. 9, pp. 484-493, July 2015 (doi: 10.1049/iet-rpg.2014.0271).
[10] M. A-M-Ramli, H. R-E-H-Boichekara, A. S-Alghamdi, "Optimal sizing of PV/wind/diesel hybrid microgrid system using multi-objective self-adaptive differential evolution algorithm", Renewable Energy, vol. 121, pp. 400-411, June 2018 (doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2018.01.058).
[11] Y. Liu, W. Du, L. Xiao, H. Wang, S. Bu, J. Cao, "Sizing a hybrid energy storage system for maintaining power balance of an isolated system with high penetration of wind generation", IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, vol. 31, pp. 3267-3275, Jul. 2016 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2015.2482983).
[12] P. Suhane, S. Rangnekar, A. Mittal, A. Khare, "Sizing and performance analysis of standalone wind-photovoltaic based hybrid energy system using ant colony optimisation", IET Renewable Power Generation, vol. 10, pp. 964-972, Feb. 2016 (doi: 10.1049/iet-rpg.2015.0394).
[13] E. A. Al-Ammar, H. Ur-Rahman-Habib, Kotb. M-Kotb, S. Wang, W. Ko, M. F-Elmorshedy, A. Waqar, "Residential community load management based on optimal design of standalone HRES with model predictive control", IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 12542-12572, Jun. 2020 (doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2965250).
[14] B. Liu, F. Zhuo, Y. Zhu, H. Yi, "System operation and energy management of a renewable energy-based DC micro-grid for high penetration depth application", IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, vol. 6, pp. 1147-1155, Dec. 2015 (doi: 10.1109/TSG.2014.2374163).
[15] O. Nadjemi, T. Nacer, A. Hamidat, H. Salhi, "Optimal hybrid PV/wind energy system sizing: Application of cuckoo search algorithm for Algerian dairy farms", Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 70, pp. 1352-1365, April 2017 (doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2016.12.038).
[16] A. Maleki, F. Pourfayaz, "Sizing of stand-alone photovoltaic/wind/diesel system with battery and fuel cell storage devices by harmony search algorithm", Journal of Energy Storage, vol. 2, pp. 30–42, Aug. 2015 (doi: 10.1016/j.est.2015.05.006).
[17] A. S-Omar, A. A-Mohamed, T. Senjyu, A. M-Hemeida, "Multi-objective optimization of a stand-alone hybrid PV/wind/battery/diesel micro-grid", Proceeding of the IEEE/CPERE, , pp. 391-396, Aswan City, Egypt, Feb. 2019 (doi: 10.1109/CPERE45374.2019.8980178).
[18] C. Olcan, "Multi-objective analytical model for optimal sizing of stand-alone photovoltaic water pumping systems", Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 100, pp. 358-369, Agu. 2015 (doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2015.05.018).
[19] A. M-Hemeida, M. H. El-Ahmar, A. M. El-Seyed, H. M-Hasanien, S. Alkhalaf, M. F. C-Esmail, T. Senjyu, "Optimum design of hybrid wind/PV energy system for remote area", Ain Shams Engineering Journal, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 11-23, Mar. 2020 (doi: 10.1016/j.asej.2019.08.005).
[20] T. Kerdphol, K. Fuji, Y. Mitani, M. Watanabe, Y. Qudaih, "Optimization of a battery energy storage system using particle swarm optimization for stand-alone microgrids", International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 81, pp. 32-39, Oct. 2016 (doi: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2016.02.006).
[21] Z.Weiping, A. Maleki, M. A-Rosen, J. Liu, "Optimization with a simulated annealing algorithm of a hybrid system for renewable energy including battery and hydrogen storage", Energy, vol. 163, pp. 191-207, Nov. 2018 (doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2018.08.112).
[22] H. Lotfi, R. Ghasi, M. B-Naghibi Sistani, "Providing a novel approach for dynamic feeder reconfiguration considering importance of reliability and grid's security", Journal of Intelligent Procedures in Electrical Technology, vol. 10, no. 40, pp. 13-22, winter 2019 (in Persian).
[23] Z. Galias, "Tree-structure based deterministic algorithms for optimal switch placement in radial distribution networks", IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 4269-4278, Nov. 2019 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2019.2909836).
[24] A. Askarzadeh, "A novel metaheuristic method for solving constrained engineering optimization problems: crow search algorithm", Computers & Structures, vol. 169, pp. 1-12, Jun. 2016 (doi: 10.1016/j.compstruc.2016.03.001).
[25] A. Kaur, R. Kaur, S. Sondhi, "CSA based PID controller design technique for optimizing various integral errors", Proceeding of the IEEE/ICCCDSE, Noida, India, pp. 55-62, Jan. 2020 (doi: 10.1109/Confluence47617.2020.9057816).
[26] S. Shahrezaei, A. A-Ghadimi, M. Gandomkar, M. Moazzami, S. Shaheidari, A. R-Afshari Moghadam, "Assessment and improving methods of reliability indices in bakhtar regional electricity company", Journal of Intelligent Procedures in Electrical Technology, vol. 4, no. 14, pp. 3-10, Summer 2013 (in Persian).
_||_[1] S. Ansari, S. Mohammad, "Determination of optimal battery capacity in economic operation of micro grid by cuckoo search algorithm", Journal of Intelligent Procedures in Electrical Technology, vol. 10, no. 38, pp. 51-64, Summer 2019 (in Persian).
[2] A. L-Bukar, C. W-Tan, K. Y-Lau, "Optimal sizing of an autonomous photovoltaic/wind/battery/diesel generator microgrid using grasshopper optimization algorithm", Solar Energy, vol. 183, no. 3, pp. 685-696, Agu. 2019 (doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2019.06.050).
[3] M. Shane, H. Shahinzadeh, M. Moazzami, G. B. Gharehpetian, "Optimal sizing and management of hybrid renewable energy system for highways lighting", International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 2336-2349, Dec. 2018
[4] S. Moghaddam, M. Bigdeli, M. Moradlou, P. Slano, "Designing of stand‑alone hybrid PV/wind/battery system using improved crow search algorithm considering reliability index", International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 429-449, Agu. 2019 (doi: 10.1007/s40095-019-00319-y).
[5] X. Xu, W. Hu, D. Cao, Q. Huang, C. Chen, Z. Chen, "Optimized sizing of a standalone PV-wind hydropower station with pumped-storage installation hybrid energy system", Rewable energy, vol. 147, no. 1, pp. 1418-1431, Mar. 2019 (doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2019.09.099).
[6] R. Logesh, "Resources, configurations, and soft computing techniques for power management and control of PV/wind hybrid system", Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 69, pp. 129-143, Mar. 2017 (doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2016.11.209)
[7] K. Kaabeche, Y. Bakelli, "Renewable hybrid system size optimization considering various electrochemical energy storage technologies", Energy Conversion And Managrmrnt, vol. 193, no. 1, pp. 162-175, Agu. 2019 (doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2019.04.064).
[8] M. Azaza, F. Wallin, "Multi objective particle swarm optimization of hybrid micro-grid system: A case study in Sweden", Energy, vol. 123, pp. 108-118, Mar. 2017 (doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2017.01.149).
[9] M. Hosseinzadeh, F. R-Salmasi, "Power management of an isolated hybrid AC/DC micro-grid with fuzzy control of battery banks", IET Renewable Power Generation, vol. 9, pp. 484-493, July 2015 (doi: 10.1049/iet-rpg.2014.0271).
[10] M. A-M-Ramli, H. R-E-H-Boichekara, A. S-Alghamdi, "Optimal sizing of PV/wind/diesel hybrid microgrid system using multi-objective self-adaptive differential evolution algorithm", Renewable Energy, vol. 121, pp. 400-411, June 2018 (doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2018.01.058).
[11] Y. Liu, W. Du, L. Xiao, H. Wang, S. Bu, J. Cao, "Sizing a hybrid energy storage system for maintaining power balance of an isolated system with high penetration of wind generation", IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, vol. 31, pp. 3267-3275, Jul. 2016 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2015.2482983).
[12] P. Suhane, S. Rangnekar, A. Mittal, A. Khare, "Sizing and performance analysis of standalone wind-photovoltaic based hybrid energy system using ant colony optimisation", IET Renewable Power Generation, vol. 10, pp. 964-972, Feb. 2016 (doi: 10.1049/iet-rpg.2015.0394).
[13] E. A. Al-Ammar, H. Ur-Rahman-Habib, Kotb. M-Kotb, S. Wang, W. Ko, M. F-Elmorshedy, A. Waqar, "Residential community load management based on optimal design of standalone HRES with model predictive control", IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 12542-12572, Jun. 2020 (doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2965250).
[14] B. Liu, F. Zhuo, Y. Zhu, H. Yi, "System operation and energy management of a renewable energy-based DC micro-grid for high penetration depth application", IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, vol. 6, pp. 1147-1155, Dec. 2015 (doi: 10.1109/TSG.2014.2374163).
[15] O. Nadjemi, T. Nacer, A. Hamidat, H. Salhi, "Optimal hybrid PV/wind energy system sizing: Application of cuckoo search algorithm for Algerian dairy farms", Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 70, pp. 1352-1365, April 2017 (doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2016.12.038).
[16] A. Maleki, F. Pourfayaz, "Sizing of stand-alone photovoltaic/wind/diesel system with battery and fuel cell storage devices by harmony search algorithm", Journal of Energy Storage, vol. 2, pp. 30–42, Aug. 2015 (doi: 10.1016/j.est.2015.05.006).
[17] A. S-Omar, A. A-Mohamed, T. Senjyu, A. M-Hemeida, "Multi-objective optimization of a stand-alone hybrid PV/wind/battery/diesel micro-grid", Proceeding of the IEEE/CPERE, , pp. 391-396, Aswan City, Egypt, Feb. 2019 (doi: 10.1109/CPERE45374.2019.8980178).
[18] C. Olcan, "Multi-objective analytical model for optimal sizing of stand-alone photovoltaic water pumping systems", Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 100, pp. 358-369, Agu. 2015 (doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2015.05.018).
[19] A. M-Hemeida, M. H. El-Ahmar, A. M. El-Seyed, H. M-Hasanien, S. Alkhalaf, M. F. C-Esmail, T. Senjyu, "Optimum design of hybrid wind/PV energy system for remote area", Ain Shams Engineering Journal, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 11-23, Mar. 2020 (doi: 10.1016/j.asej.2019.08.005).
[20] T. Kerdphol, K. Fuji, Y. Mitani, M. Watanabe, Y. Qudaih, "Optimization of a battery energy storage system using particle swarm optimization for stand-alone microgrids", International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 81, pp. 32-39, Oct. 2016 (doi: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2016.02.006).
[21] Z.Weiping, A. Maleki, M. A-Rosen, J. Liu, "Optimization with a simulated annealing algorithm of a hybrid system for renewable energy including battery and hydrogen storage", Energy, vol. 163, pp. 191-207, Nov. 2018 (doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2018.08.112).
[22] H. Lotfi, R. Ghasi, M. B-Naghibi Sistani, "Providing a novel approach for dynamic feeder reconfiguration considering importance of reliability and grid's security", Journal of Intelligent Procedures in Electrical Technology, vol. 10, no. 40, pp. 13-22, winter 2019 (in Persian).
[23] Z. Galias, "Tree-structure based deterministic algorithms for optimal switch placement in radial distribution networks", IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 4269-4278, Nov. 2019 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2019.2909836).
[24] A. Askarzadeh, "A novel metaheuristic method for solving constrained engineering optimization problems: crow search algorithm", Computers & Structures, vol. 169, pp. 1-12, Jun. 2016 (doi: 10.1016/j.compstruc.2016.03.001).
[25] A. Kaur, R. Kaur, S. Sondhi, "CSA based PID controller design technique for optimizing various integral errors", Proceeding of the IEEE/ICCCDSE, Noida, India, pp. 55-62, Jan. 2020 (doi: 10.1109/Confluence47617.2020.9057816).
[26] S. Shahrezaei, A. A-Ghadimi, M. Gandomkar, M. Moazzami, S. Shaheidari, A. R-Afshari Moghadam, "Assessment and improving methods of reliability indices in bakhtar regional electricity company", Journal of Intelligent Procedures in Electrical Technology, vol. 4, no. 14, pp. 3-10, Summer 2013 (in Persian).