رابطۀ سبک دلبستگی ناایمن مادر با پرخاشگری کودک: نقش واسطهای کیفیت مراقبت مادرانه
محورهای موضوعی : دلبستگی
کلید واژه: پرخاشگری, کیفیت مراقبت مادرانه, سبک دلبستگی ناایمن,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف این پژوهش تعیین رابطۀ سبک دلبستگی ناایمن مادر با پرخاشگری کودکان با واسطهگری کیفیت مراقبت مادرانه بود. روش پژوهش توصیفی_ همبستگی و جامعۀ آماری مادران کودکان 3 تا 6 ساله در مراکز پیشدبستانی و مهدکودکهای شهر تهران در سال تحصیلی 99-98 بود که بهصورت در دسترس 290 نفر از آنها بهعنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. ابزارهای این پژوهش مقیاس دلبستگی بزرگسالان (کولینز و رید،1990)، مقیاس رفتاری پیشدبستانی و مهد کودک (مرل، 1994) و مقیاس کیفیّت مراقبت مادرانه (قنبری، خداپناهی، مظاهری و لواسانی، 2012) بود. دادههای پژوهش با استفاده از روش تحلیل معادلات ساختاری نشان داد مدل از برازش خوبی برخوردار است. براساس یافتههای پژوهش، رابطۀ بین سبک دلبستگی ناایمن مادر و پرخاشگری کودک مثبت معنادار بود و کیفیت مراقبت مادرانه در رابطۀ بین سبک دلبستگی ناایمن مادر و پرخاشگری کودک نقش واسطهای داشت. باتوجه به یافتهها و نقش واسطهای کیفیت مراقبت مادرانه میتوان نتیجه گرفت مادر پیشرو امنیت و دلبستگی کودک است و با درنظر گرفتن نقش کلیدی سبک دلبستگی مادر در سلامت روانی کودکان، تمرکز بر برنامههای پیشگیرانه مبتنی بر کیفیت مراقبت مادرانه میتواند در بهبود رابطه والد_کودک و در نهایت کاهش رفتارهای برونیسازی اعم از پرخاشگری کودکان کمک کند.
چکیده انگلیسی:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between mother's insecure attachment style and aggression of children aged 3 to 6 years with the maternal caregiving quality. The research employed a descriptive-correlational method utilizing a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach. The statistical population comprised all mothers of children aged 3 to 6 years attending preschool centers and kindergartens in Tehran during the 2018-2019 academic year. A sample of 290 mothers was selected. Data were collected using the following instruments: the Adult Attachment Questionnaire (Collins & Read, 1990), the Preschool and Kindergarten Behavioral Outcomes scale (Merle, 1994), and the Maternal Caregiving Quality Scale (Ghanbari, Khodapanahi, Mazaheri & Lavasni, 2012). The results showed that the proposed model achieved good model fit. The findings established a positive and significant direct relationship between the mother's insecure attachment style and the child's aggression. Furthermore, the analysis of indirect effects demonstrated that the quality of maternal care plays a significant mediating role in the relationship between the mother's insecure attachment style and child aggression. Given these findings and the established mediating role of maternal care quality, it can be concluded that the mother is foundational to the child’s sense of security and attachment. Consequently, considering the key role of the mother's attachment style in children's mental health, focusing on preventive programs that enhance maternal caregiving quality can effectively improve the parent-child relationship and ultimately reduce externalizing behaviors, including children's aggression.
منابع و مأخذ:
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Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M. C., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
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Adam, E. K., Gunnar, M. R., & Tanaka, A. (2004). Adult attachment, parent emotional and observed parenting behavior: Mediator and moderator models. Child Development, 75(1), 110-122.
Amin-pour, M., Mam-Sharifi, M., & Ahmadzadeh, M. (2016). The relationship between attachment style and marital adjustment among young couples. World Science News, 29, 111-123. [In Persian].
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Bajnath, V., Harcourt, S., Spagna, S., & Derbaly, A. (2020). The effects of violent urban settings on neuropsychological outcomes: A review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 54(4), 101410.
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Dagan, O., Schuengel, C., Verhage, M. L., Van IJzendoorn, M. H., Sagi-Schwartz, A.,Madigan, S., Duschinsky, R., Roisman, G. I., Bernard, K., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M., Bureau, J.-F., Volling, B. L.,Wong, M. S., Colonnesi, C., Brown, G. L., Eiden, R. D., Fearon, R.M. P., Oosterman, M., Aviezer, O., & Cummings, E. M. (2022). Configurations of mother-child and fatherchild attachment as predictors of internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems: An individual participant data (IPD)meta-analysis. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development,180, 67–94
DeGangi, G. A. (2017). Pediatric disorders of regulation in affect and behavior: A therapist's guide to assessment and treatment. USA: Academic Press.
Dejko–Wańczyk, K., Janusz, B., & Józefik, B. (2020). Understanding the externalizing behavior of school-age boys: The role of a mother’s mentalization and attachment. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 29, 155-166.
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Farghdani, A., Shatrian Mohammadi, F., & Ziadbakhsh, M. (2015). Comparing the dimensions of temperament and aggression in children under education with Waldorf, Montessori and traditional educational models. Quarterly Journal of Excellence in Counseling and Psychotherapy, 5(17), 4-23. [In Persian].
Fonagy, P., Gergely, G., Jurist, E. L., & Target, M. (2002). Affect regulation, mentalization, and the development of the self. London: Routledge.
Ghanbari, S., Khodapanahi, M. K., Mazaheri, M. A., & Lavasani, M. G. (2012). Development and preliminary evaluation of the reliability and validation the maternal caregiving quality scale. Journal of Psychology, 12, 322-35. [In Persian].
Groh, A. M., Fearon, R. P., van IJzendoorn, M. H., Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J., & Roisman, G. I. (2017). Attachment in the early life course: Meta‐analytic evidence for its role in socioemotional development. Child Development Perspectives, 11(1), 70-76.
Hatzis, D., Dawe, S., Harnett, P., & Barlow, J. (2017). Quality of caregiving in mothers with illicit substance use: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, 11, 1178221817694038.
Healy, S. R., Valente, J. Y., Caetano, S. C., Martins, S. S., & Sanchez, Z. M. (2020). Worldwide school-based psychosocial interventions and their effect on aggression among elementary school children: A systematic review 2010–2019. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 55, 101486.
Heron, M. (2019). Deaths: Leading Causes for 2017. National Center for Health Statistics, 68(6), 1-77.
Jackson, D. B., & Vaughn, M. G. (2018). Maternal medical risks during pregnancy and childhood externalizing behavior. Social Science & Medicine, 207, 19-24.
Kerns, K. A., Aspelmeier, J. E., Gentzler, A. L., & Grabill, C. M. (2001). Parent–child attachment and monitoring in middle childhood. Journal of Family Psychology, 15(1), 69-81.
Khosravi, A. A., Human, H. A., & Shokri, A. (2010). Examining the practicality, validity and adaptability of behavioral problems scale for preschool children. Psychological Research, 2(7), 33-49. [In Persian].
Khosravi, M., & Kasaeiyan, R. (2020). The relationship between neuroticism and suicidal thoughts among medical students: Moderating role of attachment styles. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 9(6), 2680. [In Persian].
Landy, S., Smith, M., Swank, P., Assel, M., & Vellet, S. (2001). Maternal caregiving and its relation to maternal sensitivity and child outcomes. Infant Mental Health Journal, 22(3), 231-269.
Larose, S., Bernier, A., & Tarabulsy, G. M. (2005). Attachment state of mind, learning dispositions, and academic performance during the college transition. Developmental Psychology, 41, 281-289.
Letourneau, N., Dewey, D., Kaplan, B. J., Ntanda, H., Novick, J., Thomas, J. C., Deane, A. J., Leung, B., Pon, K., Giesbrecht, G. F., & APrON Study Team (2019). Intergenerational transmission of adverse childhood experiences via maternal depression and anxiety and moderation by child sex. Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease, 10(1), 88-99.
Merrell, K. W. (1994). Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scales. Test Manual. Clinical Psychology Publishing Company.
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