الگوی مشترک «بهترین تجارب تدریس »: علّتها، زمینهسازها و راهبردها
محورهای موضوعی : روانشناسی تربیتیحمید فرهادی راد 1 , سید جلال هاشمی 2 , فرزانه رحمتی 3
1 - عضو هیأت علمی گروه علوم تربیتی،دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز
2 - گروه علوم تربیتی دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز
3 - دانشکده علوم تربیتی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز
کلید واژه: بهترین تجربه تدریس, تسلط علمی, رشد اجتماعی و عاطفی, عشق به آموختن,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف اصلی این پژوهش یافتن الگوی مشترک بهترین تجربه تدریس معلمان ریاضی بود. برای دستیابی به این الگو از روش پژوهش کیفی داده بنیاد[1](GT) استفاده شد. مشارکت کنندگان در این پژوهش، معلمان ریاضی زن ناحیه یک شهر اهواز بودند. معلمانی که تجارب تدریس موفقیت آمیزی داشتند و به عنوان یک فرد موفق و علاقه مند در حوزه تدریس ریاضی شهرت داشتند به صورت نمونه گیری هدفمند و با مدل شبکهای انتخاب شدند. برای گردآوری دادهها از مصاحبه باز استفاده شد. شیوه تحلیل داده ها، تحلیل محتوای کیفی به روش نظریه داده بنیاد بود و در آن از کدگذاری باز، کدگذاری محوری، کدگذاری انتخابی استفاده شد. پس از تحلیل همه مصاحبهها الگوی پارادیمی بهترین تجربه تدریس استخراج شد. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که عواملی از قبیل عشق به آموختن، تسلط علمی، توانایی برقراری ارتباط مؤثر با دانشآموزان موجب شکلگیری بهترین تجربه تدریس میشوند. همچنین مهمترین راهبردهایی که معلمان در این زمینه مورد استفاده قرار میدادند، کارگروهی، رهبری کلاس درس، اندیشهورزی و تدریس خارج از کلاسهای رسمی و متعارف بود. قوانین و مقررات، زمینههای فرهنگی، شیوههای تدریس، جمعیت دانشآموزان یک کلاس و... نیز عوامل زمینهای برای شکلگیری یک تجربه عالی در تدریس ریاضی معرفی شدند. در نهایت این پژوهش نشان داد که پیامد چنین تجربه اثربخشی پیشرفت تحصیلی، رشد اجتماعی و عاطفی و لذت بخش شدن فرایند تدریس خواهد بود [1] -Grounded Theory
The main purpose of this research was exploring about common pattern of Teaching Best Practices of math teachers. To achieve this model qualitative research method, Grounded Theory approach (GT) was used. Participants in this study was female math teachers in Ahvaz. Teachers who had successful experiences in mathematics teaching and were known as a successful and interested person participated based on purposeful sampling and network approach. Open interviews were used to collect data. The data analyzed in a qualitative content analysis method and with grounded theory method, in which the open coding, selective coding and axial coding was used. After analyzing all interviews paradigm model of teaching best practices extracted. The results showed that factors such as the love of learning, academic proficiency, the ability to communicate effectively with students are factors that shaped teaching best practices. Most important strategies that teachers used were work group, class leadership, argumentation and teaching out of usual class. Laws and regulations, cultural factors, teaching methods, the population of students were introduced as underlying factors for the formation of an excellent experience in mathematics teaching. Finally, this study showed that the consequences of such effective experience will be academic achievement, social and emotional growth and enjoyable process teaching
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Jamashi, A., Aghazadeh, A. & Mohsenpour, B. (2013). The Relationship Between Teacher Professional Competencies and Math Progress in Forth grad student of Iran and Germany, Based on TIMS Data 2007, Quarterly Journal of Education, 114(17), 165-181 [In Persian].
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Mohaddesi, hamideh., Feuzy, A. & Salem Safi, R. (2011). Comparative survey about effective teaching indicators viewpoint of faculty and students in Oromiee medicine Science University, Journal of nursing & midwifery faculty, 9(6), 464-471 [In Persian].
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Navidi, A. (2014). An investigation into the Effectiveness of Learning Experiences enrichment in Mathematics and Experimental Sciences of the first grade of guidance school, Quarterly Journal of Education and Training, 118, 9-30.
Panahi, Gh., Qaedi, Y., Zarghami, S. & Abdollahi, M. (2017). Explaining the Philosophy of Learning with Emphasis on Winch's Theory, Quarterly Journal of Research in Educational Systems, 36, 181-208 [In Persian].
Samaee Sahneh Saree, M. (2015). Evaluation as a Learning Enhancement Tool; Teacher's Experience in Increasing Self-Esteem and the Success of Students by Modifying Their Measurement; Journal of Educational Sciences: Teacher Development, 7, 17-19 [In Persian].
Tavakoli, M. & Mohammad Zadeh, Z. (2015). Study on a New Approach to Teacher Professional Development: Steps, Challenges and Strategies, Third National Symposium on Tomorrow's School, [In Persian].
Wan, N., Howard, N. & Alan, W. (2010). School experience influences on pre-service teachers evolving beliefs about effective teaching. Teaching and Teacher Education, 26, 278-289.
Zameni, F., Enayati, S. & Behnam Far, Reza. (2011). The reasons for teaching preferences to research, Islamic Azad University of Sari, Journal of Management and Leadership, 6(15), 73-94[In Persian].
Zemelman, S., Daniels, H. & Hyde, A. (2005). Best practice: New standards for teaching and learning in America's schools. Heinemann Educational Publisher.
Zolfaghariyan, M. & Kian, M. (2014). Examining the experiences of female teachers in teaching art in elementary schools: a qualitative research, Quarterly Journal of theory and practice in curriculum, 4(2), 167-142 [In Persian].
_||_Abou-Assali, M. (2014). The Link between Teacher Professional Development and Student Achievement: A Critical View, International Journal of Bilingual & Multilingual Teachers of English, 1(3), 39-41 [In Persian].
Asgari, F. & Mahjob M. H. (2010). Comparative Effective teaching characteristics viewpoint of faculty and students in Kerman medicine Science University, Journal of development steps in medicine, 1 (7), 26-33[In Persian].
Asgari, Y. (2013). What is the experience, Retrieved from the page http://asgari4e.blogfa.com, on June 25, 2017[In Persian].
Amini A. & Mosalla, S. (2011). An Analysis of the Role of Human Capital of Experience on Total Factor Productivity (TFP): Case Study of Large Manufacturing Firm of Iran, Quarterly Journal of Economic Research and Policies, 19 (57),105-132[In Persian].
Bayar, A. (2014). The Components of Effective Professional Development Activities in terms of Teachers’ Perspective; International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 6 (2), 319-327.
BEST PRACTICES: A Resource for Teachers. (20.1.2016). Public Schools of North Carolina Department of Public Instruction: Elementary Division, Retrieved from the page http://www.ncpublicschools.org, on 20th April 2016.
Bazargan, A. (2016). An Introduction into Qualitative and Mixed method research, Tehran: Didar Publication com [In Persian].
Caena, F. (2011). Literature review Quality in Teachers’ continuing professional development. EUROPEAN COMMISSION, Directorate-General for Education Culture.
Danaee Fard, H. (2016). Theorizing Strategies, Tehran: SAMT Publication com [In Persian].
Dorn, R. (2015). Strengthening Student Educational Outcomes, Technical Report on Best Practices and Strategies for Mathematics, State Superintendent of Public Instruction.
Drummond, T. (1995). A brief summary of the best practices in college teaching, Retrieved from the page https://www.methodist.edu, on April, 12, 2017.
Hassani, M., Mostafanejad, H. Mostafnejad, Ch. & Shohoodi, M. (2015). Effect of Experiences and Organizational Factors on Professional Commitment of Teachers: Examining the Teacher's Self-Efficiency Mediator and Organizational Identity, Journal of New Approach in Educational Management, 1(6),1-20, [In Persian].
Jamashi, A., Aghazadeh, A. & Mohsenpour, B. (2013). The Relationship Between Teacher Professional Competencies and Math Progress in Forth grad student of Iran and Germany, Based on TIMS Data 2007, Quarterly Journal of Education, 114(17), 165-181 [In Persian].
Hanushek, Eric, Kain, John F., Obrein, Daniel & Rivkin, Steven (2005); The Market for Teacher Quality; Cambridge: MA, National Bureau of Economic Research.
Haqani, F. & Masoumi, R. (2010). A Review on Learning Theories and Their Application in Medical Education, Iranian Journal of Medical Education, Special Issue on Education and Development, 1188-1197 [In Persian].
Kember, D. (2005). Best practice in outcomes-based teaching and learning at the Chinese university of Hong Kong, Retrieved from the page, https://www.cuhk.edu, on 6th Octobre 2016.
Khoshbakht, F. & Latifian, M. (2011). Investigating the Relationship between Teacher Characteristics, Teacher Teaching and Student's Mental Function, Journal of Contemporary Psychology, 6(2), 85-97 [In Persian].
King Rice, J. (2010). The Impact of Teacher Experience, Examining the Evidence and Policy Implications, A program of research by the Urban Institute with Duke University.
Mahmoudi, F. & Ozkan, Y. (2015). Exploring experienced and novice teachers’ perceptions about professional development activities, Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences.
Mir Heidari, A. (2014). Effective Teacher of Effective Classroom, First Edition, Isfahan: University Jihad Publishing House [In Persian].
Mortazavizadeh, S. H. (2010), Teaching guide (techniques and skills), Third edition, Tehran: Abed publishing com [In Persian].
Mohaddesi, hamideh., Feuzy, A. & Salem Safi, R. (2011). Comparative survey about effective teaching indicators viewpoint of faculty and students in Oromiee medicine Science University, Journal of nursing & midwifery faculty, 9(6), 464-471 [In Persian].
Mousavi Dehmourdi, A. (2013). Studying and explaining the duties of the teacher as a pedagogical philosopher: phenomenological research among elementary school teachers in the city of Izeh, MasterThesis, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Department of Educational Sciences [In Persian].
Navidi, A. (2014). An investigation into the Effectiveness of Learning Experiences enrichment in Mathematics and Experimental Sciences of the first grade of guidance school, Quarterly Journal of Education and Training, 118, 9-30.
Panahi, Gh., Qaedi, Y., Zarghami, S. & Abdollahi, M. (2017). Explaining the Philosophy of Learning with Emphasis on Winch's Theory, Quarterly Journal of Research in Educational Systems, 36, 181-208 [In Persian].
Samaee Sahneh Saree, M. (2015). Evaluation as a Learning Enhancement Tool; Teacher's Experience in Increasing Self-Esteem and the Success of Students by Modifying Their Measurement; Journal of Educational Sciences: Teacher Development, 7, 17-19 [In Persian].
Tavakoli, M. & Mohammad Zadeh, Z. (2015). Study on a New Approach to Teacher Professional Development: Steps, Challenges and Strategies, Third National Symposium on Tomorrow's School, [In Persian].
Wan, N., Howard, N. & Alan, W. (2010). School experience influences on pre-service teachers evolving beliefs about effective teaching. Teaching and Teacher Education, 26, 278-289.
Zameni, F., Enayati, S. & Behnam Far, Reza. (2011). The reasons for teaching preferences to research, Islamic Azad University of Sari, Journal of Management and Leadership, 6(15), 73-94[In Persian].
Zemelman, S., Daniels, H. & Hyde, A. (2005). Best practice: New standards for teaching and learning in America's schools. Heinemann Educational Publisher.
Zolfaghariyan, M. & Kian, M. (2014). Examining the experiences of female teachers in teaching art in elementary schools: a qualitative research, Quarterly Journal of theory and practice in curriculum, 4(2), 167-142 [In Persian].