توسعه مدل ریسک‌های حوزه منابع‌انسانی حوزه بهداشت و درمان با بکارگیری مرور نظام‌مند و تکنیک دلفی
محورهای موضوعی : -مدیریت خدمات بهداشتی و درمانیسارا نوریان زواره 1 , زهرا صادقی آرانی 2
1 - دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت کسب و کار، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه کاشان، کاشان، ایران
2 - استادیار گروه مدیریت و کارآفرینی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه کاشان، کاشان، ایران
کلید واژه: ریسک‌های منابع‌انسانی, تکنیک دلفی, بخش بهداشت و درمان, مرور نظام‌مند,
چکیده مقاله :
مقدمه: امروزه مهم‌ترین سرمایه سازمان‌ها و میزیت رقابتی آنها منابع‌انسانیتوانمند و با کیفیت است. علیرغم این مهم به ویژه در بخش بهداشت و درمان، به ریسک‌های منابع‌انسانی پرداخته نشده‌است و در این زمینه خلاء تحقیقاتی و کاربردی قابل توجهی وجود دارد. از این رو پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی واعتبارسنجی ریسک‌های حوزه سرمایه انسانی در بخش بهداشت و درمان ارائه مدل جامع از این ریسک‌ها انجام می‌شود. روش پژوهش: برای این منظور در گام اول ابعاد و شاخص‌های مدل ریسک‌های منابع‌انسانی با استفاده از روش مرور نظام‌مند، از ادبیات نظری استخراج گردید. پس از آن از تکنیک دلفی برای اعتبارسنجی و ارائه مدل نهایی ریسک‌های منابع‌انسانی در بخش بهداشت و درمان استفاده شد. یافته‌ها: در فاز اول و مررور نظام‌مند مدارک علمی ۱۰۵۰ مدرک در جستجوی اولیه به دست آمده که پس از پالایش ۶۷ سند مرتبط یافت شده که با بررسی این اسناد 271 ریسک منابع‌انسانی شناسایی شد. پس از حذف موارد تکراری و ادغام موارد مشابه تعداد ریسک منابع‌انسانی به 139 ریسک تقلیل یافت که در فاز دوم و با روش دلفی مورد اعتبارسنجی قرار گرفت. پس از انجام ۲ راند دلفی، 4 مضمون اصلی، 14 مضمون فرعی و 134 مفهوم در رابطه با ریسک‌های منابع‌انسانی حوزه بهداشت و درمان شناسایی و اعتبارسنجی شد. نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده از شناسایی و اعتبارسنجی ریسک‌های حوزه منابع انسانی در بخش بهداشت ودرمان ریسک‌های اصلی این حوزه شامل ریسک سرمایه‌های انسانی، ریسک عملیاتی منابع‌انسانی، ریسک دیدگاه‌های کارکنان نسبت به واحد منابع‌انسانی و ریسک‌های فردی کارکنان واحد منابع‌انسانی می‌باشد. مدل جامع ریسک‌های منابع‌انسانیدر حوزه بهداشت و درمان که در این پژوهش ارائه شده‌است می‌تواند ابزاری برای ارزیابی و اولویت‌بندی ریسک‌های منابع‌انسانی در سازمان‌های زیرمجموعه این بخش باشد و نتایج آن نیز می‌تواند مبنای انجام اقدامات مدیریت ریسک منابع‌انسانی در این سازمان‌ها قرار گیرد.
Introduction: Today, the important asset of organizations and their competitive advantage is capable and quality human resources. Despite, the risks of human resources have not been addressed especially in the health sector, and there is a significant research and practical gap in this area. Therefore, the present study aims to identify the risks of human capital in the health sector and provide a comprehensive model of this Risks. Methods: For this purpose, in the first step, the dimensions and indicators of the human resources risk model were extracted from the theoretical literature using the systematic review method. The Delphi technique is then used to validate the final model of human resource risks in the healthcare sector. Results: In the first phase and systematic review of scientific documents, 1050 documents were obtained in the initial search, which were found after refining 67 related documents. Which by examining these documents, 271 risks of human resources were identified. After eliminating duplicates and merging similar these, the number of human resources risks was reduced to 139 risks, which was validated in the second phase by Delphi method. After 2 rounds of Delphi, 4 main themes, 14 sub-themes 1, 4 sub-themes 2 and 134 concepts (risks) related to human resource risks in the field of health were identified and validated. Conclusion: According to the identification and validation of human resources risks in the healthcare, the critical risks include human capital risks, operational risk of human resources, risk of attitude on the human resources unit and individual risks of employees of the human resources unit. The comprehensive model of human resource risks in the field of health that is presented in this study can be a tool for assessing and prioritizing of human resource risks in the organizations under this section and its results can be the basis for human resource risk management action in these organizations.
1- Franklin S, Muthuswamy M. A study on the quality of health care services delivered by phcs of Coimbatore with respect to availability of human resource. International Journal of Management, IT and Engineering, 2019; 7(12): 61-73.
2- Haviernikova K, Kordos M. The Perception of Selected Risks Focused on Human Resources as Results of Cluster Cooperation: The Comparison Between Reality and Expectations of Small and Medium Enterprises. In Third International Conference on Economic and Business Management (FEBM 2018). Atlantis Press; 2018 December: 437-440.
3- Karimy R, Etebarian A, Soltany I. Presenting a model of human resources risks. Quarterly Journal of Public Management Perspectives; 2019: 99-119. [Persian]
4- Gurtu A, Johny J. Supply Chain Risk Management: Literature Review, 2021; 9(1): 16.
5- Mitrofanova A, Konovalova V, Mitrofanova E, Ashurbekov R, Trubitsyn K. Human resource risk management in organization: methodological aspect. In International Conference on Trends of Technologies and Innovations in Economic and Social Studies. Atlantis Press. 2017 Jun (Vol. 2).
6- Oborilova I, Myskova R, Melichar V. Risks Associated with the Human Resources Management in Transport Companies. Procedia economics and finance, 2015; 1(34): 352-9.
7- Faraz M. The effect of dimensions of quality of medical services on patient satisfaction and oral communication in health) Case study: Amir Al-Mo'menin Hospital, Rasht. M.A. Thesis; 2017 September. [Persian]
8- Mostafai Najafabadi H, Rezaee B. Health-promoting behaviors in nurses and its correlation with some selected occupational factors. Health Promotion Management Quarterly, 2017; 6(3): 28-35. [Persian]
9- Elizabeth T Chin, Benjamin Q Huynh, Lloyd A C Chapman, Matthew Murrill, Sanjay Basu, Nathan C Lo, Frequency of Routine Testing for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in High-risk Healthcare Environments to Reduce Outbreaks, Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2021; 73(9): e3127–e3129. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa1383.
10- Mojibian M, Jafari Nodoushan R, Shekari H, Salmani Z, Heidari M, Mihanpour H. The Role of Human Resources Management in Risk and Safety Management of Patient (Case study: Dr. Mojibiyan Hospital, Yazd). Journal of Community Health Research, 2017; 6(4): 229-39.
11- Raisi Estabregh S. Provide a typology of human resource risks in the banking industry. M.A. Thesis: University of Qom; 2016. [Persian]
12- Gholipour A, Ebrahimi E. Human Resource Risk Management: Mix method Application. Management Researches, 2016; 9(32): 73-96. [Persian]
13- Mäenpää I, Voutilainen R. Insurances for human capital risk management in SMEs. Vine, 2012; 42(1): 52-66.
14- Pandey BR. Understanding of occupational health and safety risks and participatory practices in small businesses: qualitative case studies of three small cafe and restaurant businesses: a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Occupational Health and Safety (Human Resources Management) at Massey University, Manawatu, New Zealand (Doctoral dissertation, Massey University); 2013.
15- Lloyd’s risk index report . London: Unit EI; 2011. https://www.lloyds.com/~/media/files/news%20and%20insight/360%20risk%20insight/lloyds_risk_index_2011.pdf.
16- Wang X, Wang H, Zhang L, Cao X. Constructing a decision support system for management of employee turnover risk. Information technology and management, 2011; 12(2): 187.
17- shoja, M., kharazmi, O., ajza shokohi, M. Prioritization and Systematic Rview of Relationships between Dimensions of Operational Risk of Human Resources. Management Studies in Development and Evolution, 2021; 30(99): 103-133. doi: 10.22054/jmsd.2021.45405.3392. [Persian]
18- Yan Xue, Deng Xiangwu, Sun Shouheng, Analysis and Simulation of the Early Warning Model for Human Resource Management Risk Based on the BP Neural Network, Complexity 2020, Article ID 8838468, 1-11 https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8838468
19- Hoseini Dehshiri SJ, Aghaee M. Identifying and prioritizing human resource risks using the combined method of SWARA and ARAS-G. Scientific Quarterly of Human Resources Studies, 2020; 10(1): 53-78. [Persian]
20- Sacht J. Business risks identified in South Africa. Personal discussion. Johannesburg; 2010.
21- Ebrahimi E, Gholipoor A, Moghimi SM, GHalibaf asl H. Awareness and training of natural resources and resources: Event management. Quarterly Journal of Human Resource Management Research, Imam Hossein University, 2015; (2): 1-24. [Persian]
22- Rajabbeigi M, Hashemnia S, Hozni SA. Surveying Influential human factors on risk management in Alzahra center Rasht, 2015; 12(1): 109-116. [Persian]
23- Yarmohammadian MH, Jafarian JM, KHorasani E, Atighechian G. Risk, Causes and Preventive Action Assessment in the ICU of a Teaching Hospital, 2014; 11(5): 633-644. [Persian]
24- Okoli, Chitu. Guide to Conducting a Standalone Systematic Literature Review. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 2015; (37:43): 879-910. http://aisel.aisnet.org/cais/vol37/iss1/43.
25- Dalkey N, Helmer O. An experimental application of the Delphi method to the use of experts. Management science, 1963; 9(3): 458-67.
26- Habibi A, Sarafrazi A, Izadyar S. Delphi technique theoretical framework in qualitative research. The International Journal of Engineering and Science, 2014; 3(4): 8-13.
27- McMillan SS, King M, Tully MP. How to use the nominal group and Delphi techniques? International journal of clinical pharmacy, 2016; 38(3): 655-62.
28- Rezaeian, M. Familiarity with the Delphi method. Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences; 2018. [Persian]
29- Nasresfahani, F., Karimi, F., Nadi, M. Designing a Model for Overcoming Social Undermining in Clinical Wards Authorities of Isfahan’s Hospitals (Qualitative Research). Journal of healthcare management, 2020; 11(37): 91-100. [Persian]
30- Stevens, J., Jeynes, V., Cotena, E., & Edelson, M. Managing Risk: The HR Contribution (1st ed.). Routledge; 2005. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780080461168
31- Xie, X., & Guo, D. Human factors risk assessment and management: Process safety in engineering. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2018, 113: 467-482.
_||_1- Franklin S, Muthuswamy M. A study on the quality of health care services delivered by phcs of Coimbatore with respect to availability of human resource. International Journal of Management, IT and Engineering, 2019; 7(12): 61-73.
2- Haviernikova K, Kordos M. The Perception of Selected Risks Focused on Human Resources as Results of Cluster Cooperation: The Comparison Between Reality and Expectations of Small and Medium Enterprises. In Third International Conference on Economic and Business Management (FEBM 2018). Atlantis Press; 2018 December: 437-440.
3- Karimy R, Etebarian A, Soltany I. Presenting a model of human resources risks. Quarterly Journal of Public Management Perspectives; 2019: 99-119. [Persian]
4- Gurtu A, Johny J. Supply Chain Risk Management: Literature Review, 2021; 9(1): 16.
5- Mitrofanova A, Konovalova V, Mitrofanova E, Ashurbekov R, Trubitsyn K. Human resource risk management in organization: methodological aspect. In International Conference on Trends of Technologies and Innovations in Economic and Social Studies. Atlantis Press. 2017 Jun (Vol. 2).
6- Oborilova I, Myskova R, Melichar V. Risks Associated with the Human Resources Management in Transport Companies. Procedia economics and finance, 2015; 1(34): 352-9.
7- Faraz M. The effect of dimensions of quality of medical services on patient satisfaction and oral communication in health) Case study: Amir Al-Mo'menin Hospital, Rasht. M.A. Thesis; 2017 September. [Persian]
8- Mostafai Najafabadi H, Rezaee B. Health-promoting behaviors in nurses and its correlation with some selected occupational factors. Health Promotion Management Quarterly, 2017; 6(3): 28-35. [Persian]
9- Elizabeth T Chin, Benjamin Q Huynh, Lloyd A C Chapman, Matthew Murrill, Sanjay Basu, Nathan C Lo, Frequency of Routine Testing for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in High-risk Healthcare Environments to Reduce Outbreaks, Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2021; 73(9): e3127–e3129. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa1383.
10- Mojibian M, Jafari Nodoushan R, Shekari H, Salmani Z, Heidari M, Mihanpour H. The Role of Human Resources Management in Risk and Safety Management of Patient (Case study: Dr. Mojibiyan Hospital, Yazd). Journal of Community Health Research, 2017; 6(4): 229-39.
11- Raisi Estabregh S. Provide a typology of human resource risks in the banking industry. M.A. Thesis: University of Qom; 2016. [Persian]
12- Gholipour A, Ebrahimi E. Human Resource Risk Management: Mix method Application. Management Researches, 2016; 9(32): 73-96. [Persian]
13- Mäenpää I, Voutilainen R. Insurances for human capital risk management in SMEs. Vine, 2012; 42(1): 52-66.
14- Pandey BR. Understanding of occupational health and safety risks and participatory practices in small businesses: qualitative case studies of three small cafe and restaurant businesses: a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Occupational Health and Safety (Human Resources Management) at Massey University, Manawatu, New Zealand (Doctoral dissertation, Massey University); 2013.
15- Lloyd’s risk index report . London: Unit EI; 2011. https://www.lloyds.com/~/media/files/news%20and%20insight/360%20risk%20insight/lloyds_risk_index_2011.pdf.
16- Wang X, Wang H, Zhang L, Cao X. Constructing a decision support system for management of employee turnover risk. Information technology and management, 2011; 12(2): 187.
17- shoja, M., kharazmi, O., ajza shokohi, M. Prioritization and Systematic Rview of Relationships between Dimensions of Operational Risk of Human Resources. Management Studies in Development and Evolution, 2021; 30(99): 103-133. doi: 10.22054/jmsd.2021.45405.3392. [Persian]
18- Yan Xue, Deng Xiangwu, Sun Shouheng, Analysis and Simulation of the Early Warning Model for Human Resource Management Risk Based on the BP Neural Network, Complexity 2020, Article ID 8838468, 1-11 https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8838468
19- Hoseini Dehshiri SJ, Aghaee M. Identifying and prioritizing human resource risks using the combined method of SWARA and ARAS-G. Scientific Quarterly of Human Resources Studies, 2020; 10(1): 53-78. [Persian]
20- Sacht J. Business risks identified in South Africa. Personal discussion. Johannesburg; 2010.
21- Ebrahimi E, Gholipoor A, Moghimi SM, GHalibaf asl H. Awareness and training of natural resources and resources: Event management. Quarterly Journal of Human Resource Management Research, Imam Hossein University, 2015; (2): 1-24. [Persian]
22- Rajabbeigi M, Hashemnia S, Hozni SA. Surveying Influential human factors on risk management in Alzahra center Rasht, 2015; 12(1): 109-116. [Persian]
23- Yarmohammadian MH, Jafarian JM, KHorasani E, Atighechian G. Risk, Causes and Preventive Action Assessment in the ICU of a Teaching Hospital, 2014; 11(5): 633-644. [Persian]
24- Okoli, Chitu. Guide to Conducting a Standalone Systematic Literature Review. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 2015; (37:43): 879-910. http://aisel.aisnet.org/cais/vol37/iss1/43.
25- Dalkey N, Helmer O. An experimental application of the Delphi method to the use of experts. Management science, 1963; 9(3): 458-67.
26- Habibi A, Sarafrazi A, Izadyar S. Delphi technique theoretical framework in qualitative research. The International Journal of Engineering and Science, 2014; 3(4): 8-13.
27- McMillan SS, King M, Tully MP. How to use the nominal group and Delphi techniques? International journal of clinical pharmacy, 2016; 38(3): 655-62.
28- Rezaeian, M. Familiarity with the Delphi method. Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences; 2018. [Persian]
29- Nasresfahani, F., Karimi, F., Nadi, M. Designing a Model for Overcoming Social Undermining in Clinical Wards Authorities of Isfahan’s Hospitals (Qualitative Research). Journal of healthcare management, 2020; 11(37): 91-100. [Persian]
30- Stevens, J., Jeynes, V., Cotena, E., & Edelson, M. Managing Risk: The HR Contribution (1st ed.). Routledge; 2005. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780080461168
31- Xie, X., & Guo, D. Human factors risk assessment and management: Process safety in engineering. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2018, 113: 467-482.