بررسی و مقایسه مدل‌های موجود جهت مدیریت بیمارستان سبز
محورهای موضوعی : -مدارک پزشکییوسف شعبانی 1 , علی وفایی نجار 2 , الهه هوشمند 3
1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد مدیریت خدمات بهداشتی درمانی، گروه علوم مدیریت و اقتصاد بهداشت، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
2 - دانشیار، گروه علوم مدیریت و اقتصاد بهداشت، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
3 - استادیار گروه علوم مدیریت و اقتصاد بهداشت، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
کلید واژه: زیست محیطی, استاندارد, مرور جامع, بیمارستان سبز,
چکیده مقاله :
مقدمه: بیمارستان سبز، بیمارستانی است که سلامت مردم را با کاهش مداوم پیامدهای زیست محیطی و برطرف کردن سهم خود در بار بیماری‌ها ارتقا دهد. از آنجا که الگوی منفرد و یکسانی در خصوص بیمارستان‌های سبز و سالم وجود ندارد لذا هدف این مطالعه بررسی تمامی الگوهای موجود بیمارستان سبز در دنیا از طریق مرور نظام‌مند می‌باشد. روش پژوهش: این پژوهش بصورت مرور جامع و با جستجو در سایت‌های سازمانی و پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتی الکترونیکی معتبر داخلی و خارجی به منظور شناسایی الگوهای بیمارستان سبز انجام شده است. یافته‌ها: هفت مدل جهت مدیریت بیمارستان سبز وجود دارد که هر کدام ابعاد اختصاصی خود را دارند. در بین این مدل‌ها هم‌پوشانی زیادی وجود دارد که نشان‌دهنده اهمیت زیاد برخی از ابعاد بیمارستان سبز می‌باشد. الگوهای موجود شامل: BEPHS (11 بعد)، GGHC (6 بعد)، USGBC LEED (7 بعد)، ISO14000 (بعد 11)،SHT (9 بعد)،PAHO (10 بعد) و GGHHبودند. نتیجه‌گیری: هم‌پوشانی در ابعاد کارایی انرژی، کارایی آب و مدیریت زباله در همه الگوها مشاهده شد و تفاوت‌ها در سایر ابعاد می‌تواند ناشی از موقعیت مکانی سازمان‌های ارائه دهنده الگوها و تفاوت در نیازهای سازمان‌های مذکور باشد.
Introduction: Green Hospital is a hospital that improves people's health by continues reducing environmental impacts and meets its share of the burden to disease. Since there is no single and the same pattern of green and healthy hospitals sothe aim of this study was to determine the patterns in green hospital in the world by systematic review. Methods: This study is a comprehensive review and search the site by reputable domestic and foreign institutional and electronic databases was conducted in order to identify patterns green hospital. Results: There are seven green hospital management models for each specific dimensions of their own. There is a large overlap between these models, indicating the importance of some aspects of hospital green. Patterns include: BEPHS, GGHC, USGBC, LEED, ISO14000, SHT, PAHO and GGHH respectively. Conclusion: Overlap in terms of energy efficiency, water efficiency and waste management patterns were observed in all other aspects could be due to differences in location patterns and different organizations providing organizations needs to be mentioned.
1- Reller A. Greener hospitals, improving environmental performance. Bristol Myers Squibb Company; 2008: 1-52.
2- Yunhu L. Conception of the Green Hospital in the “Apricot Woods”[J]. ARCHITECTARAL JOURNAL 1997; 12: 2014.
3- Carpenter D. Green and Greener, hospitals embrace environmentally sustainable practices, though laggards remain. Sustainable Operation Groups. Hf Magazine; 2010: 15-20.
4- Erfanmanesh M. Environmental Pollution water,soil and air 5th ed. Isfahan. Arkane Danesh Publication; 2009: 82-94.
5- Strashok C, et al. Greening Canadian hospitals; 2010.
6- Joshua Karliner JaG. A Comprehensive Environmental Health Agenda for Hospitals and Health Systems around the world. Health Care Without Harm http://noharmorg/lib/downloads/building/GGHHApdf. 2011.
7- Environment Science Center A, Germany With support from Bristol-Myers Squibb Company: Greener hospitals, Improving Environmental Performance.
8- Millennium Ecosystem Assessment EaHW-bSIP, Washington, DC. http://wwwmaweborg/en/indexaspx; 2005.
9- WHO. Healthy Hospitals, Healthy Planet, Healthy People. Addressing climate change in health care settings. Health Care Without Harm; 2012: 1-28.
10- May EL. Building green hospitals. Improve your economic viability, environmental impact, and community standing. Healthcare executive 2004; 19(4): 38-40.
11- Duputie S. The road to a greener hospital J Irish Med j; 2002; 7: 75-95.
12- Ferenc J. Going greener, Hospitals continue to make sustainability a priority.Sustainable Operation Groups. Hf Magazine; 2010: 8-24.
13- Tan L. Implementing ISO 14001: is it beneficial for firms in newly industrialized Malaysia; 2005: 397-404.
14- Annual Statistical Report of Social Security Organization,iran http://wwwtaminir/News/Item/3417/2/3417html; 2012.
15- Ali Taleshi MS, Nezhad Korki , Farhad ,Azim zadeh , Hamid reza ,Ghaneeyan ,Mohammad taghi. Toward Green Hospital Standards in Yazd Educational. Hospitals in 2013. Scientific Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences; 2014.
16- http://www.eagm.ch/awards-certificates/1287.
17- http://www.gghc.org/supporters.php.
18- http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards/management-standards/iso14000.htm
19- http://www.medbox.org/health-systems/smart-hospitals-toolkit.
20- http://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3069&Itemid=2374&lang=en21- DoBias M. Moratorium nearing end? Specialty hospitals may get green light from CMS. Modern healthcare, 2006; 36(21): 8-9.
22- Jabbarvand M, Mokhtare H, Shafiei M, Negahban Z. A Comparative Study of Energy Consumption and Management at Farabi Aye Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Ebnesina Scientific Journal, 2011; 14(3): 8-41.
23- Sahamir SR, Zakaria R. Green Assessment Criteria for Public Hospital Building Development in Malaysia. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 2014; 20: 15-106.
24- Wood LC, Wang C, Abdul-Rahman H, Jamal Abdul-Nasir NS. Green hospital design: integrating quality function deployment and end-user demands. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2016; 112(1): 13-903.
25- Canadian Coalition for Green Health C. Building green hospitals checklist. Healthcare financial management : journal of the Healthcare Financial Management Association, 2008; 62(5): 5-93.
26- Johnson SW. Summarizing green practices in U.S. hospitals. Hospital topics, 2010; 88(3): 75-81.
27- Sandrick K. Hospitals go green. Trustees discover that being gentle to the environment can actually save money. Trustee : the journal for hospital governing boards, 2009; 62(5): 12-61.
28- Ali Taleshi M, Nezhad Korki F, Azim zadeh H, Ghaneeyan M. Toward Green Hospital Standards in Yazd Educational Hospitals in 2013. Scientific Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences, 2015; 22(5): 27-114.
29- Zahedi SM, Rahmati LZ. Effectiveness of environmental management systems in hospitals of Tehran Based on Series ISO 14000. Publ Admin, 2009; 1: 49-60.
30- Energy conscious European hospitals and health care buildings. the European Commission, Brussels; 2005: 6.
31- Combined heat and power partnership: efficiency benefits. Washington, DC, United States Environmental Protection Agency (http://www.epa.gov/chp/basic/ efficiency.html, accessed 20 April 2009).
32- Energy conservation awareness drive at Sir JJ Hospital, Mumbai, India. Case study by Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, with support from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID).
33- www.eia.gov: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). Retrieved; 2011.
34- R ML. The nurse's role on green teams: an environmental health opportunity, 2011; 66(1): 17-21.
35- www.greenhospitals.net: A Comprehensive Environmental Health Agenda for Hospitals and Health Systems Around the World.
36- Guenther R,Vittori G. Sustainable healthcare architecture: 57.
37- Environmental Protection Agency. Guides to pollution prevention selected hospital waste streams. United States:Environmental Protection Agency; 2010.
38- Safe health care waste management. Policy paper. Geneva, World Health Organization; 2014.
39- Calculations from United States Environmental Protection Agency’s waste reduction model (http://epa.gov/climatechange/wycd/waste/calculators/Warm_home.html, accessed 20 April 2014).
40- Adsavakulchai, S., 2012. Study on waste from hospital and clinics in Phitsanulok. Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences 3, 3–11.
41- WHO. Review of health impacts from microbial hazards in health care wastes (Draft). Prepared by Salkin, I.F. In: Kennedy, M.E. (Ed.),World Health Organization, Geneva.; 2011.
42- WHO. Preparation of National Health-Care Waste Management Plans in Sub-Saharan Countries: Guidance Manual. Prepared by World Health Organization and the Secretariat of the Basel Convention. World Health Organization; 2004.
43- World Health Organization [homepage on the Internet]Switzerland: The Association; c1996-2009 [updated 2009 Aug; 2cited 2007 Nov 20]. Media center fact sheet N.253. Wastes from health care activities. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs253/en/index.html.
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1- Reller A. Greener hospitals, improving environmental performance. Bristol Myers Squibb Company; 2008: 1-52.
2- Yunhu L. Conception of the Green Hospital in the “Apricot Woods”[J]. ARCHITECTARAL JOURNAL 1997; 12: 2014.
3- Carpenter D. Green and Greener, hospitals embrace environmentally sustainable practices, though laggards remain. Sustainable Operation Groups. Hf Magazine; 2010: 15-20.
4- Erfanmanesh M. Environmental Pollution water,soil and air 5th ed. Isfahan. Arkane Danesh Publication; 2009: 82-94.
5- Strashok C, et al. Greening Canadian hospitals; 2010.
6- Joshua Karliner JaG. A Comprehensive Environmental Health Agenda for Hospitals and Health Systems around the world. Health Care Without Harm http://noharmorg/lib/downloads/building/GGHHApdf. 2011.
7- Environment Science Center A, Germany With support from Bristol-Myers Squibb Company: Greener hospitals, Improving Environmental Performance.
8- Millennium Ecosystem Assessment EaHW-bSIP, Washington, DC. http://wwwmaweborg/en/indexaspx; 2005.
9- WHO. Healthy Hospitals, Healthy Planet, Healthy People. Addressing climate change in health care settings. Health Care Without Harm; 2012: 1-28.
10- May EL. Building green hospitals. Improve your economic viability, environmental impact, and community standing. Healthcare executive 2004; 19(4): 38-40.
11- Duputie S. The road to a greener hospital J Irish Med j; 2002; 7: 75-95.
12- Ferenc J. Going greener, Hospitals continue to make sustainability a priority.Sustainable Operation Groups. Hf Magazine; 2010: 8-24.
13- Tan L. Implementing ISO 14001: is it beneficial for firms in newly industrialized Malaysia; 2005: 397-404.
14- Annual Statistical Report of Social Security Organization,iran http://wwwtaminir/News/Item/3417/2/3417html; 2012.
15- Ali Taleshi MS, Nezhad Korki , Farhad ,Azim zadeh , Hamid reza ,Ghaneeyan ,Mohammad taghi. Toward Green Hospital Standards in Yazd Educational. Hospitals in 2013. Scientific Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences; 2014.
16- http://www.eagm.ch/awards-certificates/1287.
17- http://www.gghc.org/supporters.php.
18- http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards/management-standards/iso14000.htm
19- http://www.medbox.org/health-systems/smart-hospitals-toolkit.
20- http://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3069&Itemid=2374&lang=en21- DoBias M. Moratorium nearing end? Specialty hospitals may get green light from CMS. Modern healthcare, 2006; 36(21): 8-9.
22- Jabbarvand M, Mokhtare H, Shafiei M, Negahban Z. A Comparative Study of Energy Consumption and Management at Farabi Aye Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Ebnesina Scientific Journal, 2011; 14(3): 8-41.
23- Sahamir SR, Zakaria R. Green Assessment Criteria for Public Hospital Building Development in Malaysia. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 2014; 20: 15-106.
24- Wood LC, Wang C, Abdul-Rahman H, Jamal Abdul-Nasir NS. Green hospital design: integrating quality function deployment and end-user demands. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2016; 112(1): 13-903.
25- Canadian Coalition for Green Health C. Building green hospitals checklist. Healthcare financial management : journal of the Healthcare Financial Management Association, 2008; 62(5): 5-93.
26- Johnson SW. Summarizing green practices in U.S. hospitals. Hospital topics, 2010; 88(3): 75-81.
27- Sandrick K. Hospitals go green. Trustees discover that being gentle to the environment can actually save money. Trustee : the journal for hospital governing boards, 2009; 62(5): 12-61.
28- Ali Taleshi M, Nezhad Korki F, Azim zadeh H, Ghaneeyan M. Toward Green Hospital Standards in Yazd Educational Hospitals in 2013. Scientific Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences, 2015; 22(5): 27-114.
29- Zahedi SM, Rahmati LZ. Effectiveness of environmental management systems in hospitals of Tehran Based on Series ISO 14000. Publ Admin, 2009; 1: 49-60.
30- Energy conscious European hospitals and health care buildings. the European Commission, Brussels; 2005: 6.
31- Combined heat and power partnership: efficiency benefits. Washington, DC, United States Environmental Protection Agency (http://www.epa.gov/chp/basic/ efficiency.html, accessed 20 April 2009).
32- Energy conservation awareness drive at Sir JJ Hospital, Mumbai, India. Case study by Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, with support from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID).
33- www.eia.gov: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). Retrieved; 2011.
34- R ML. The nurse's role on green teams: an environmental health opportunity, 2011; 66(1): 17-21.
35- www.greenhospitals.net: A Comprehensive Environmental Health Agenda for Hospitals and Health Systems Around the World.
36- Guenther R,Vittori G. Sustainable healthcare architecture: 57.
37- Environmental Protection Agency. Guides to pollution prevention selected hospital waste streams. United States:Environmental Protection Agency; 2010.
38- Safe health care waste management. Policy paper. Geneva, World Health Organization; 2014.
39- Calculations from United States Environmental Protection Agency’s waste reduction model (http://epa.gov/climatechange/wycd/waste/calculators/Warm_home.html, accessed 20 April 2014).
40- Adsavakulchai, S., 2012. Study on waste from hospital and clinics in Phitsanulok. Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences 3, 3–11.
41- WHO. Review of health impacts from microbial hazards in health care wastes (Draft). Prepared by Salkin, I.F. In: Kennedy, M.E. (Ed.),World Health Organization, Geneva.; 2011.
42- WHO. Preparation of National Health-Care Waste Management Plans in Sub-Saharan Countries: Guidance Manual. Prepared by World Health Organization and the Secretariat of the Basel Convention. World Health Organization; 2004.
43- World Health Organization [homepage on the Internet]Switzerland: The Association; c1996-2009 [updated 2009 Aug; 2cited 2007 Nov 20]. Media center fact sheet N.253. Wastes from health care activities. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs253/en/index.html.