سوانح رانندگی در ایران و اتحادیه اروپا: مطالعه تطبیقی با رویکردِ مبتنی بر اسناد بینالمللی
محورهای موضوعی : -مدیریت اطلاعات بهداشتی و درمانیامیرحسین یاوری 1 , داوود دعاگویان 2 , سید تیمور حسینی 3 , حسین ابراهیمی 4 *
1 - استاد دانشگاه جامع علوم انتظامی امین، تهران، ایران
2 - استاد دانشگاه جامع علوم انتظامی امین، تهران، ایران
3 - دانشیار دانشگاه جامع علوم انتظامی امین، تهران، ایران
4 - دانشجوی مقطع دکترای جرمیابی دانشگاه جامع علوم انتظامی امین، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: سوانح رانندگی, تصادفات رانندگی, ایران, اتحادیه اروپا, اسناد بین المللی,
چکیده مقاله :
مقدمه: سوانح رانندگی به عنوان یکی از شایعترین حوادث در سطح جهانی، تهدیدی جدی برای سلامت و ایمنی عمومی محسوب میشوند و پیامدهای گستردهای در ابعاد اجتماعی، اقتصادی، بهداشتی و ... به دنبال دارند. در این راستا، کشورها و نهادهای بینالمللی تلاشهای مستمری را برای کاهش این سوانح و پیامدهای ناشی از آن آغاز کردهاند. پژوهش حاضر با رویکردی تطبیقی و با استناد به اسناد معتبر بینالمللی، به بررسی سوانح رانندگی در ایران و اتحادیه اروپا پرداخته تا به ارتقاء مدیریت سوانح رانندگی در ایران و انطباق آن با استانداردهای پویا و جهانی کمک نماید.
روش پژوهش: این پژوهش از نظر هدف، کاربردی و از حیث ماهیت، توصیفی - تحلیلی با رویکرد تطبیقی میباشد. دادههای تحقیق از روشکتابخانهای و مطالعات اسنادی با جستجو درمنابع علمی، پایگاههای دادهای و اسناد معتبر بین المللی مرتبط گردآوری شدهاند. تطبیق دادههای مورد مطالعه نیز با الهام و برداشت از الگوی تطبیقی جورج بریدی انجام شده است.
یافته ها: سوانح رانندگی به عنوان یکی از چالشهای عمده بینالمللی در جهان مطرح هستند. طبق یافتههای تحقیق، علیرغم تفاوتهای چشمگیر در مساحت، جمعیت و تعداد خودروها، تلفات جادهای ایران به تنهایی تقریباً برابر با کل تلفات جادهای ۲۷ کشور عضو اتحادیه اروپا است (ایران با مساحت 1.648.000 کیلومتر، جمعیت ۸۷.۹۲۳.۴۳۲ نفر، تعداد 40.000.000 دستگاه خودرو و مرگ و میر 235 نفر در میلیون مقابل اتحادیه اروپا با مساحت 4.233.235 کیلومتر، جمعیت 449.000.000 نفر، تعداد 249.000.000 دستگاه خودرو و مرگ و میر 46 نفر در میلیون) .
نتایج: اتحادیه اروپا با تعیین اهداف روشن، تدوین استانداردهای مناسب و همسو با اهداف توسعه پایدار سازمان ملل، عملکردی موفقتر از ایران داشته است. نتایج پژوهش نشان میدهد که سوانح رانندگی در ایران مستلزم تطبیق سیاستهای داخلی با اسناد بینالمللی، اصلاح ساختار نهادی و نظارتی، تقویت زیرساختها و فناوریهای کنترلی، و ارتقای نظام آموزش و فرهنگسازی ترافیکی است. همچنین، ایجاد سامانههای آمار شفاف برای تحلیل و حوادث مستمر، از الزامات کلیدی در مسیر ارتقای ایمنی جادهای در ایران به شماره میرود.
Introduction: Traffic accidents, as one of the most common accidents worldwide, are a serious threat to public health and safety and have widespread consequences in social, economic, health, etc. dimensions. In this regard, countries and international institutions have begun continuous efforts to reduce these accidents and their consequences. The present study, with a comparative approach and citing valid international documents, examined traffic accidents in Iran and the European Union in order to improve traffic accident management in Iran and help it comply with dynamic and global standards.
Research Method: This study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature with a comparative approach. Research data were collected from library methods and document studies by searching scientific sources, databases, and relevant valid international documents. The comparison of the studied data was also inspired and taken from George Brady's comparative model.
Findings: Traffic accidents are one of the major international challenges in the world. According to the research findings, despite significant differences in area, population and number of vehicles, Iran's road fatalities alone are almost equal to the total road fatalities of the 27 member states of the European Union (Iran with an area of 1,648,000 km, population of 87,923,432 people, number of 40,000,000 vehicles and mortality rate of 235 people per million compared to the European Union with an area of 4,233,235 km, population of 449,000,000 people, number of 249,000,000 vehicles and mortality rate of 46 people per million).
Results: The European Union has performed more successfully than Iran by setting clear goals, developing appropriate standards and aligning them with the UN Sustainable Development Goals. The results of the study show that traffic accidents in Iran require the adaptation of domestic policies to international documents, reform of the institutional and regulatory structure, strengthening of control infrastructure and technologies, and the improvement of the traffic education and culture system. Also, the establishment of transparent statistical systems for continuous analysis and accidents is one of the key requirements in the path to improving road safety in Iran.
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