Influence of chitosan concentration on morpho-physiological traits, essential oil and phenolic content under different fertilizers application in Thymus daenensis

Subject Areas : Journal of Medicinal Herbs, "J. Med Herb" (Formerly known as Journal of Herbal Drugs or J. Herb Drug)

زهره  امامی بستگانی ¹ (Department of Agronomy (Physiology of Crop Plants). Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Khozestan, Iran)
سید عطا  سیادت ² (Department of Agronomy (Physiology of Crop Plants). Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Khozestan, Iran)
عبدالمهدی  بخشنده ³ (Department of Agronomy (Physiology of Crop Plants). Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Khozestan, Iran)
عبداله  قاسمی پیربلوطی ⁴ (Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Center for Medicinal Plants and Ethnoveterinary, Shahrekord, Iran)
مسعود  هاشمی ⁵ (Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003-9294. U.S.A)

Received: 2016-02-19 Accepted : 2016-04-02 Published : 2016-07-01

Keywords: Chitosan, Fertilizers, Thymus daenensis,

Abstract :

Background & Aim:Thymus daenensis is recognized as aromatic herbs, which used in food, flavoring, pharmaceutical, and perfumery industries. This study was conducted to investigate the response of T.daenensis to different fertilizers (chemical and organic) along with chitosan. Experimental: Treatments consisted of different fertilizers including: F1 =C (control without manure and fertilizer); F2 = CF (chemical fertilizers 100-150-100 kg ha−1NPK, respectively), F3= CM (cow manure, 20 tonha−1), F4= VC (vermicompost, 10 tonha−1), F5=CF+CM+VC (chemical fertilizers + cow manure + vermicompost) and three chitosan levels (0, 0.2%, 0.4%) and acetic acid. This experiment conducted in split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications during the period from 2014 to 2015 in Shahrekord, Iran. Morphological traits, essential oil yield from aerial parts and phenolic content were studied. Results: Results indicated that canopy diameter, lateral branches, number of flower and leaf area index increased by CF+CM+VC treatment as compared to the control in 2014 and 2015. Chitosan increased biomass yield in both of growing year. Phenolic content increased in CF+CM+VC treatment in 2015 and it was also affected by application of 0.4% chitosan. Recommended applications/industries: Since essential oil of T. daenensis, especially thymol and carvacrol, have a lot of applications in pharmacological and also has antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, the use of integrated fertilizer along with chitosan as a elicitor is recommended to obtain more essential oil yield and phenolic content.

References:

Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A. 2009. Medicinal plants used in Chaharmahal and Bakhtyari districts Iran. HerbaPolon, 55:69–75.

Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A., Hashemi, M., TaherianGhahfarokhi, F. 2013. Essential oil and chemical compositions of wild and cultivated (Thymus daenensisCelak) and (Thymus vulgaris L.) Industrial Crops and Products, 48:43–48.

Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A., Rahimmalek, M., Malekpoor, F., Karimi, A. 2011. Variation in antibacterial activity, thymol and carvacrol contents of wild populations of (Thymus daenensis) subsp. daenensisCelak. Plant Omics. Journal, 4:209–214.

Ghasemi Pirbaloti, A., Samani, M., Hashemi, M., Zeinali, H., 2014. Salicylic acid affects growth, essential oil and chemical compositions of thyme (Thymus daenensisCelak) under reduced irrigation. Plant Growth Regulation, 72:289-301.

Hatwar, G.P., Gondane, S.U., Urkude, S.M., Gahukar, O.V. 2003. Effect of micronutrients on growth and yield of chili. Soils Crops, 13:123–125.

IRIMO, 2012. (Islamic Republic of Iran Meteorological Organization). Climatology methods. http://www.irimo.ir.

Karuppusamy, S. 2009. A review on trends in production of secondary metabolites from higher plants by in vitro tissue, organ and cell cultures. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 3:1222−1239.

KeshavarzAfshar, R., Chaichi, M.R., Assareh, M.H., Hashemi, M. Liaghat, A. 2014. Interactive effect of deficit irrigation and soil organic amendments on seed yield and flavonolignan production of milk thistle (Silybummarianum L. Gaertn.) Industrial Crops and Products.58:166–172.

Kim, H. J., Chen, F., Wang, X., Rajapakse, N. C. 2005. Effect of chitosan on the biological properties of sweet basil (Ocimumbasilicum L.). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53: 3696−3701.

Koeduka, T., Fridman, E., Gang, D.R., Vassao, D.G., Jackson, B.L., KoshChM.Orlova, I., Spassova, S.M., Lewis, N.G., Noel, J.P., Baiga, T.J., Dudareva, N., Pichersky, E. 2006. Eugenol and isoeugenol, characteristic aromatic constituents of spices, are biosynthesized via reduction of a coniferyl alcohol ester. PNAS 103, 10128–10133.

Kozera, W., Majcherczak, E., Barczak, B. 2013. Effect of varied NPK fertilisation on the yield size, content of essential oil and mineral composition of caraway fruit(Carumcarvi L.). Journal of Elementary, 18: 255–267

Nickavar, B., Mojab, F., Dolat-Abadi, R. 2005. Analysis of the essential oils of two Thymus species from Iran. Food Chemistry, 90: 609–611.

Pandey, V., Patra, D. 2015. Crop productivity, aroma profile and antioxidant activity in Pelargonium graveolens L. Her. under integrated supply of various organic and chemical fertilizers. Industrial Crops and Products, 67:257–263.

Pandey, V., Patel, A., Patra D.D. 2015. Amelioration of mineral nutrition, productivity, antioxidant activity and aroma profile in marigold (Tagetesminuta L.) with organic and chemical fertilization. Industrial Crops and Products, 76: 378–385.

Patra, D.D., Anwar, M., Chand, S. 2000. Integrated nutrient management and waste water for restoring soil fertility and productivity of Japanese mint and mustard sequence in Uttar Pradesh, Indian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Science, 80:267-275.

Quettier-Deleu, C., Gressier, B., Vasseur, J., Dine, T., Brunet, J., Luyck, M., Cazin, M., Cazin, J.C., Bailleul, F., Trotin, F. 2000. Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of buckwheat (FagopyrumesculentumMoench) hulls and flour. Journal of Ethnopharmacology,72: 35-40.

Shetty, K. 1997. Biotechnology to harness the benefits of dietary phenolics: Focus on Lamiaceae. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition,6:162−171.

Spanos, G. A., Wrolstad, R. E. 1990. Influence of processing and storage on the phenolic composition of Thompson seedless grape juice. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 38:1565–1571.

Yadav, J.S.P. 2003. Managing soil health for sustained high productivity. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science,51 (4): 448–465.

Yin, H., Xavier, F., Chrestensen, L.P., Grevsen, K. 2012. Chitosan Oligosaccharides promote the Content of polyphenols in Greek Oregano (Oreganumvulgaressp.hirtum). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 60: 136-143.