Prophylactic effects of Ixora coccinea leaf on the haematological, biochemical, and atherogenic profile in male Wistar rats administered anticancer drug Cisplatin

Subject Areas : Journal of Medicinal Herbs, "J. Med Herb" (Formerly known as Journal of Herbal Drugs or J. Herb Drug)

Solomon Agu ¹ , Veronica Ochigbo ² , Akor Victory Akor ³ , Awulu Audu ⁴ , Nathaniel Rabo ⁵ , Christian Ezihe ⁶

1 - Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria;
2 - Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria;
3 - Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria;
4 - Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria;
5 - Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria;
6 - Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria;

Received: 2022-06-10 Accepted : 2022-09-15 Published : 2022-11-22

Keywords: haematology, Lipid profiles, Atherogenicity, Antitumour, Ixora,

Abstract :

Background & Aim: This study was aimed at investigating the prophylactic effects of hydroethanolic extract of Ixora coccinea leaf (HEICL) on Cisplatin (cis diamminedichloroplatinum-II, CDDP)-induced alteration in atherogenic, haematological, and biochemical profiles in male Wistar ratsExperimental: Thirty male rats were assigned into 6 groups (n=5) in which groups A, B, C, and D received normal saline (0.2 mL), CDDP (10 mg/kg), HEICL at 200 mg/kg, and HEICL at 400mg/kg. Groups E and F received CDDP 10 mg/kg with HEICL at 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg, respectively. Results: The phytochemical analysis of the AEAC revealed the presence of some phytochemical constituents such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, reducing sugar, phenol, resin, and volatile oil. However, glycosides, steroids, and anthraquinone were absent. The Acute toxicity result indicated that HEICL has an LD50 above 5000mg/kg. CDDP caused a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the haematological parameters relative to the control but administration of CDDP with HEICL improved the parameters. CDDP caused a significant (P<0.05) increase in the levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), but a significantly (P<0.05) lower level of HDL. Treatment with CDDP and HEICL significantly (P<0.05) abrogated these CDDP-induced alterations. Similar ameliorative effects of HEICL were found in CDDP-induced alterations in atherogenic indices, such as Castelli's Risk Index I (CRI-1), Castelli's Risk Index II (CRI-II), Atherogenic Coefficient (AC), and Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) indices relative to the control.Recommended applications/industries: The above study suggests that HEICLmay be useful in treating heart conditions because it protects against CDDP-induced alterations in the haematological, lipid, and atherogenic parameters.

References:

Akindele, J.A., Iyamu, A.E., Dutt, P., Satti, K.N. and Adeyemi, O.O. 2014. Ameliorative effect of hydroethanolic leaf extract of Byrsocarpus coccineus in alcohol- and sucrose-induced hypertension in rats. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 4(3):177–88.

Ashraf, Y.N. 2014. Protective effect of aged garlic extract against the oxidative stress induced by cisplatin on blood cell parameters and hepatic antioxidant enzymes in rats. Toxicology Report, 1:682–91.

Atawodi, S.E., Yakubu, O.E., Liman, M.L. and Iliemene, D.U. 2014. Effect of methanolic extract of Tetrapleura tetraptera (Schum and Thonn) Taub leaves on hyperglycemia and indices of diabetic complications in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 4(4):272–8.

Atessahin, A., Karahan, I., Turk, G., Gur, S., Yilmaz, S. and Ceribasi, A.O. 2006. Protective role of lycopene on Cisplatin-induced changes in sperm characteristics, testicular damage, and oxidative stress in rats. Reproductive Toxicology, 21:42-47.

Benjamin, M.M. 1978. Outline of Veterinary Clinical Pathology. 3^rd Ed. The Iowa State University Press, Ames. Pp.351.

Bhardwaj, S., Bhattacharjee, J., Bhatnagar, M. K. and Tyagi, S. 2013. Atherogenic index of plasma, castelli risk index and atherogenic coefficient- New parameters in assessing cardiovascular risk. International Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Science, 3: 359-364.

 Bhardwaj, J.K., Panchal, H. and Saraf, P. 2021. Ameliorating effects of natural antioxidant compounds on female infertility: A review. Reproductive Science, 28: 1227–1256.

Borek, C. 2004. Antioxidants and radiation therapy. Journal of Nutrition, 134:32075-32098.

Brehm, A., Pfeiler, G., Pacini, G., Vierhapper, H. and Roden, M. 2004. Relationship between serum lipoprotein ratios and insulin resistance in obesity. Clinical Chemistry, 50(12):2316-22.

Bucolo, G. and David, H. 1973. Quantitative determination of serum triglyceride by the use of enzymes. Clinical Chemistry, 19(5):476-482.

Castelli, W.P., Abbott, R.D. and McNamara, P.M. 1983. Summary estimates of cholesterol are used to predict coronary heart disease. Circulation, 67(4):730-734.

Dacie, J.V. and Lewis, S.M. 1995. Practical Haematology. Churchill Livingstone, New York, pp. 609.

Dobiasova, M. and Frohlich, J. 2001. The plasma parameter log (TG/HDL) as an atherogenic index: correlation with lipoprotein particle size and esterification rate in apo B-lipoprotein-depleted plasma (FERHDL). Clinical Biochemistry, 34(7):583–588.

Dobiásová, M. 2004. Atherogenic index of plasma [log (triglycerides/ HDLholesterol)]: theoretical and practical implications. Clinical Chemistry, 50(7):1113-5.

Ekinci A.F.N., Albayrak, M., Calik, M., Bayir, Y. and Gulcin, I. 2017. The protective effects of p-coumaric acid on acute liver and kidney damages induced by Cisplatin. Biomedicine, 5(2):18.

Friedewald, W.T., Levy, R.T. and Frederickson, D.S. 1972. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma without the use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clinical Chemistry, 18(6):499-502.

Ghadir, M.R., Riahin, A.A., Havasupai, A., Nooranipour, M. and Habibinejad, A.A. 2010. The relationship between lipid profile and severity of liver damage in cirrhotic patients. Hepatitis Monthly, 10(4):285-288.

Gomez-Sierra, T., Eugenio-Perez, D., Sanchez-Chinchillas, A. and Pedraza-Chaverri, J. 2018. Role of food-derived anti-oxidants against Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 120:230-242.

Grigorian, A. and O'Brien, C.B. 2014. Hepatotoxicity secondary to chemotherapy. Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology, 2(2):95–102.

Hamlaoui-Gasmi, S., Mokni, M., Limam, n., Limam, f., Amri, m., Aouani, E. and Marzouki, l. 2021. Effect of garlic’s mode of administration on erythrocytes and plasma parameters in Wistar rats. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11(33):8259-8263

Han, G.H. and Huang, J.X. 2015. Hypertriglyceridemia and hyperglycemia induced by capecitabine: a report of two cases and review of the literature. Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice, 21(5):380–338.

Hu, M.H., Wang, L.W., Lu, H.J., Chu, P.Y, Tai SK, Lee TL, Ming-Huang, C., Muh-Hwa, Y. and Peter, M.C. 2014. Cisplatin-based chemotherapy versus Cetuximab in concurrent chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced head and neck cancer treatment. Biomedical Research International, 2014:1-7.

Igwe, C.U., Iheme, C.I., Alisi, C.S., Nwaogu, L.A., Ibegbulem, C.O. and Ene, A.C. 2016. Lipid profile and atherogenic predictor indices of albino rabbits administered coconut water as an antidote to paracetamol overdose. Journal of Coastal Life Medicine, 4:974-979.

Koleva, D.I., Andreeva-Gateva, P.A., Orbetzova, M.M., Atanassova, I.B. and Nikolova, J.G. 2015. Atherogenic index of plasma, castelli risk indices and Leptin/Adiponectin ratio in women with metabolic syndrome. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research, 3(5):12-19.

Lee, W.M. 2003. Drug-induced hepatotoxicity. New England Journal of Medicine, 349(5):474–85.

Leung, J., Brady, J.L. and Crook, M.A. 2018. The clinical importance of recognizing capecitabine-induced hypertriglyceridemia: a case report and review of the literature Journal of Clinical Lipidology, 12(6):1371–3.

Mudhaffar, S.K. 2013. Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) as a parameter in predicting cardiovascular risk in males compared to the conventional dyslipidemic indices (cholesterol ratios). Karbala Journal of Medicine, 6(1):1506–13.

National Institute of Health (N.I.H). 1985. Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals. DHEW publication; Office of Science and Health Reports; Bethsaida; U.S.A.

Niroumand, S., Khajedaluee, M., Khadem-Rezaiyan, M., Abrishami, M., Juya, M., Khodaee, G. and Dadgarmoghaddam, M. 2015. Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP): A marker of cardiovascular disease. Medical Journal of Islam Republic of Iran, 29:240.

Nwagha, U.I., Ikekpeazu, E.J., Ejezie, F.E., Neboh, E.E. and Maduka, I.C. 2010. Atherogenic index of plasma as a useful predictor of cardiovascular risk among postmenopausal women in Enugu, Nigeria. African Health Science, 10(3):248–52.

Odebiyi, O.O. and Sofowora, E.S. 1978. Phytochemical screening of Nigerian medicinal plants II. Lloydia, 41(3):234-46.

OECD. 2001. Acute oral toxicity-acute toxic class method. OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals No. 423, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, December 17, pp: 114.

Parinita, K. 2012. Study of serum lipid profile in individuals residing in and around Nalgonda. International Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Science, 2:110–6.

Park, H., Ju, E., Jo, S., Jung, U., Kim, S.H. and Yee, S.T. 2009. Enhanced antitumor efficacy of cisplatin in combination with HemoHIM in tumor-bearing mice. BCM Cancer, 9:85-85.

Rakib, H., Marjana, K., Swagata, S.L., Mahmudur, R.M., Paritosh, C., Mamun, M.R., Sarkar, M.A, Chowdhury, M.A., M.M.H. and Choudhuri, M.S.K. 2014. Preclinical lipid profile studies of a classical Ayurvedic preparation “Arjunarista” after chronic administration to male Sprague-Dawley rats. International Journal of Pharmacy, 4(4):146-150.

Torey, A., Sasidharan, S., Latha, L.Y., Sudhakaran, S. and Ramanathan, S. 2010. “Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of methanol extracts of Ixora coccinea,”Pharmaceutical Biology, 48(10):1119–23.

Yuan, G., Dai, S., Yin, Z., Lu, H., Jia, R., Xu, J., Song, X., Li, L., Shu, Y. and Zhao, X. 2014. Toxicological assessment of combined lead and cadmium: Acute and sub-chronic toxicity study in rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 65(2014):260–8.

Zhao, R., Liu, X., Yang, X., Jin, B., Shao, C., Kang, W. and Tang, R. 2018. Nanomaterial-based organelles protect normal cells against chemotherapy-induced cytotoxicity. Advanced Materials, 30(27):e1801304.