Study of antioxidant and mushroom Tyrosinase inhibitory activities of selected medicinal plants of Nepal

Subject Areas : Journal of Medicinal Herbs, "J. Med Herb" (Formerly known as Journal of Herbal Drugs or J. Herb Drug)

سومان  گیری ¹ (دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه پخارا ، نپال؛)
منوج  پاندیت ² (دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه پخارا ، نپال؛)
سنگیتا  ادیکاری ³ (دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه پخارا ، نپال؛)
پاریدی  کوار ⁴ (دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه پخارا ، نپال؛)
سادیشیا  پودل ⁵ (دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه پخارا ، نپال؛)
سام  بهادر ⁶ (دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه پخارا ، نپال؛)
سورش  جیوال ⁷ (دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه پخارا ، نپال؛)
شیلا  گورنگ ⁸ (دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه پخارا ، نپال؛)

Received: 2020-01-05 Accepted : 2020-05-12 Published : 2019-04-21

Keywords: DPPH antioxidant activity, depigmentation, Diploknema butyraceae, mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity,

Abstract :

Background & Aim:Phytochemicals are naturally occurring chemical compounds present in plants. It includes glycosides, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, phenols, flavonoids, carbohydrates, etc. Among them, some of them possess antioxidant property, which is responsible for regulation of free radicals in the body and tyrosinase inhibitory activity that results in the reduction in melanin synthesis. In addition, phytochemicals provide different health benefits to humans. Thus, the aim of the study was to determine antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of some selected medicinal plants of Nepal. Experimental: Phytochemical screening of methanolic extracts of test samples was performed with various reagents and the phenol and flavonoid contents were also determined. Antioxidant activity was carried out by DPPH free radical scavenging method and tyrosinase inhibitory activity was performed by mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory method. The presence of phytochemicals was confirmed by the visual color change upon addition of test reagents. The higher phenol and flavonoid contents among the selected plants were found to have better antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities. Results: Among the selected plants, Diploknema butyraceae had the highest phenol content (665.33 ± 0.0 mg GAE/g dry extract weight) and flavonoid content (728 ± 0.3 mg quercetin/g dry extract weight) and showed similar DPPH free radical scavenging activity (IC50 value 6.012 μg/ml) to standard ascorbic acid (IC50 value 4.73 μg/ml). In addition to this, mushroom tyrosinase inhibition was also found highest in the same plant (31.07 ± 2.13 %) followed by Jatropha curcas (17.51± 0.49 %), Woodfordia fruticosa (16.95 ± 2.24 %) and least in Crateva unilocularis (1.41 ± 2.13%). Recommended applications/industries: The results above showed some probability of Diploknema butyraceae with potential tyrosinase inhibitory property. Therefore, further studies should be focused on isolation of active constituents responsible for tyrosinase inhibitory activity.

References:

Adhami, V.M., Syed, D.N., Khan, N. and Afaq, F. 2008. Phytochemicals for prevention of solar ultraviolet radiation induced damages. Photochemistry and photobiology, 84(2): 489-500.

Adhikari, A., Devkota, H.P., Takano, A., Masuda, K., Nakane, T., Basnet, P. and Skalko Basnet, N. 2008. Screening of Nepalese crude drugs traditionally used to treat hyperpigmentation: in vitro tyrosinase inhibition. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 30(5): 353-360.

Antolovich, M., Prenzler, P.D., Patsalides, E., Mc Donald, S., and Robards, K. 2001. Methods for testing antioxidant activity, Analyst,127: 183-198.

Awasthi, Y.C. and Mitra, C.R. 1962. Flavonoids of Madhuca butyracea Nut-Shell. The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 27(7): 2636-2637.

Brenner, M. and Hearing, V.J. 2008. The protective role of melanin against UV damage in human skin. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 84(3): 539-549.

Ch, S., Venkateshwar, C. and GangadharRao, S. 2014. Preliminary phytochemical studies of medicinal plant drug: Withania somnifera Linn. Biolife, 2(1): 306-312.

Chang, C.C., Yang, M.H., Wen, H.M. and Chern, J.C. 2002. Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 10(3): 178-182.

Chang, T.S. 2009. An updated review of tyrosinase inhibitors. International journal of molecular sciences, 10(6): 2440-2475.

Chaturvedi, P.A., Ghatak, A.A. and Desai, N.S. 2012. Evaluation of radical scavenging potential and total phenol content in Woodfordia fruticosa from different altitudes. Journal of plant biochemistry and biotechnology, 21(1): 17-22.

Chiva-Blanch, G. and Visioli, F. 2012. Polyphenols and health: moving beyond antioxidants. Journal of Berry Research, 2(2): 63–71.

Di Petrillo, A., González-Paramás, A.M., Era, B., Medda, R., Pintus, F., Santos-Buelga, C. and Fais, A. 2016. Tyrosinase inhibition and antioxidant properties of Asphodelus microcarpus extracts. BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 16(1): 453.

Draelos, Z.D., Dover, J.S. and Alam, M. 2005. Cosmeceuticals (1^st ed.), Elsevier Saunders China, pp 103-109.

Falcone Ferreyra, M.L., Rius, S. and Casati, P. 2012. Flavonoids: biosynthesis, biological functions, and biotechnological applications. Frontiers in plant science, 3: 1-15.

Fisher, G.J., Kang, S., Varani, J., Bata-Csorgo, Z., Wan, Y., Datta, S. and Voorhees, J.J. 2002. Mechanisms of photoaging and chronological skin aging. Archives of dermatology, 138(11): 1462-1470.

Garcia-Lopez, M. 1989. Double-blind comparison of azelaic acid and hydroquinone in the treatment of melasma. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh),143:58-61.

Giampieri, F., Alvarez-Suarez, J.M., Tulipani, S., Gonzàles-Paramàs, A.M., Santos-Buelga, C., Bompadre, S., Quiles, J.L., Mezzetti, B. and Battino, M. 2012. Photoprotective potential of strawberry (Fragaria× ananassa) extract against UV-A irradiation damage on human fibroblasts. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 60(9): 2322-2327.

Halliwell, B. and Gutteridge, J.M. 2015. Free radicals in biology and medicine. Oxford University Press, USA.

Jennifer, C., Stephie, C.M., Abhishri, S.B. and Shalini, B.U., 2012. A review on skin whitening property of plant extracts. International Journal of Pharmacy and Bio Sciences, 3(4): 332-347.

Kadota, S., Takamori, Y., Nyein, K.N., Kikuchi, T., Tanaka, K. and Ekimoto, H. 1990. Constituents of the leaves of Woodfordia fruticosa KURZ. I: Isolation, structure, and proton and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance signal assignments of Woodfruticosin (Woodfordin C), an inhibitor of deoxyribonucleic acid topoisomerase II. Chemical and pharmaceutical Bulletin, 38(10): 2687-2697.

Khanka, M.S., Tewari, L.M., Kumar, S., Singh, L. and Nailwal, T. K. 2010. Extraction of high quality DNA from D. butyraceae. Researcher, 2(9): 19-20.

Khattar, V. and Wal, A. 2012. Utilities of Crataeva nurvala. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4: 21-26.

Kim, M. K., Lee, H. S., Kim, E. J., Won, N. H., Chi, Y. M., Kim, B. C. and Lee, K. W. 2007. Protective effect of aqueous extract of Perilla frutescens on tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced oxidative hepatotoxicity in rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 45(9):1738-1744.

Kodangala, C., Saha, S. and Kodangala, P. 2010. Phytochemical studies of aerial parts of the plant Leucaslavandulaefolia. Der Pharma Chemica, 2(5): 434-437.

Kumano, Y., Sakamoto, T., Egawa, M., Iwai, I., Tanaka, M. and Yamamoto, I. 1998. In vitro and in vivo prolonged biological activities of novel vitamin C derivative, 2-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid (AA-2G), in cosmetic fields. Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology, 44(3): 345-359.

Liyanaarachchi, G.D., Samarasekera, J.K.R.R., Mahanama, K.R.R. and Hemalal, K.D.P. 2018. Tyrosinase, elastase, hyaluronidase, inhibitory and antioxidant activity of Sri Lankan medicinal plants for novel cosmeceuticals. Industrial crops and products, 111: 597-605.

Malik, A., Khan, M.T.H., Khan, S.B., Ahmad, A. and Choudhary, M.I. 2006. Tyrosinase inhibitory lignans from the methanol extract of the roots of Vitex negundo Linn. and their structure–activity relationship. Phytomedicine, 13(4): 255-260.

Manandha, N.P. 2002. Plants and People of Nepal, Timber Press; Inc, Portland, Oregon, USA.

Marinova, D., Ribarova, F. and Atanassova, M. 2005. Total phenolics and total flavonoids in Bulgarian fruits and vegetables. Journal of the university of chemical technology and metallurgy, 40(3): 255-260.

Parvez, S., Kang, M., Chung, H.S. and Bae, H. 2007. Naturally occurring tyrosinase inhibitors: mechanism and applications in skin health, cosmetics and agriculture industries. Phytotherapy Research, 21(9): 805-816.

Pourmorad, F., Hosseinimehr, S.J. and Shahabimajd, N. 2006. Antioxidant activity, phenol and flavonoid contents of some selected Iranian medicinal plants. African Journal of Biotechnology, 5 (11): 1142-1145.

Prakash, D., Upadhyay, G., Gupta, C., Pushpangadan, P. and Singh, K.K. 2012. Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of some promising wild edible fruits. International Food Research Journal, 19(3): 1109-1116.

Rashed, K., Medda, R., Spano, D. and Spano, F. 2016. Evaluation of antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase potentials and phytochemical composition of four Egyptian plants. International Food Research Journal, 23(1): 203-210.

Rees, J.L. 2003. Genetics of hair and skin color. Annual review of genetics, 37(1): 67-90.

Sharma, R.A. and Kumari, A., 2014. Phytochemistry, pharmacology and therapeutic application of Oxalis corniculata Linn.–a review. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 6: 6-12.

Silveira, J.P., Seito, L.N., Eberlin, S., Dieamant, G.C., Nogueira, C., Pereda, M.C. and Di Stasi, L.C. 2013. Photoprotective and antioxidant effects of Rhubarb: inhibitory action on tyrosinase and tyrosine kinase activities and TNF-α, IL-1α and α-MSH production in human melanocytes. BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 13(1): 49-55.

Solano, F. 2014. Melanins: skin pigments and much more—types, structural models, biological functions, and formation routes. New Journal of Science, 1-28

Tyagi, S. 2015. Phytochemical standardization of Diploknema butyracea (Roxb.) HJ Lam. seeds by HPTLC technique. Indian Journal of Natural Products and Resources (IJNPR), 6(4): 299-304.

Yamakoshi, J., Otsuka, F., Sano, A., Tokutake, S., Saito, M., Kikuchi, M. and Kubota, Y. 2003. Lightening effect on ultraviolet induced pigmentation of guinea pig skin by oral administration of a proanthocyanidin rich extract from grape seeds. Pigment cell research, 16(6): 629-638.

Zhu, W. and Gao, J. 2008, April. The use of botanical extracts as topical skin-lightening agents for the improvement of skin pigmentation disorders. Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedingsm, 13(1): 20-24.